本頁面由 Cloud Translation API 翻譯而成。

非同步訂單更新

客戶提交訂餐後，您可以傳送訂單更新訊息給「訂單端對端服務」回報變更。

以下是傳送訂單更新的常見原因：

訂單的預估出貨時間有現貨或變更。
訂單狀態會變更。
訂單已無法履行。
訂單中包含的菜單品項價格已變更。
客戶可透過新的方式管理訂單，例如客戶服務人員或餐廳的電話號碼
訂單收據可供查看。

以下各節將詳細說明如何因應這些不同情況來更新訂單內容

轉換訂單狀態

訂單有六種可能的狀態。這些狀態及其可能的轉換，如下圖所示：

訂單狀態轉換

當客戶初次提交訂單時，訂單會從 CREATED、CONFIRMED 或 REJECTED。你可以傳送訂單更新訊息給只要狀態轉換有效，系統就會更新訂單狀態。CREATED 狀態是合作夥伴平台無法確認或拒絕訂單時使用立即生效應用情境範例是指客戶下單訂購的商品。配送集結網站收到 Google 傳送的影片內容，集結網站將資訊傳送給餐廳。餐廳收到並確認訂單供應情形，狀態現在可能是 CONFIRMED，否則 REJECTED。

CONFIRMED 狀態中的訂單接下來會移至 IN_PREPARATION 狀態。接著根據訂單是自取或外送，接著使用 READY_FOR_PICKUP 或 IN_TRANSIT 狀態。餐點外送或取貨後，訂單會設為 FULFILLED 狀態，

如果您允許客戶取消訂單，您就能使用 CANCELLED 狀態。您可以在 CREATED、CONFIRMED、IN_PREPARATION、READY_FOR_PICKUP 或 IN_TRANSIT 狀態下取消訂單。您的訂購端對端服務應會根據您的取消政策以及取消時付款的狀態。

您的端對端訂購服務不需要支援所有可用狀態和轉場效果不過，訂單的最終狀態「必須」為 FULFILLED。 REJECTED 或 CANCELLED。

提供預估出貨時間

您可以為使用者設定訂單預計送達的時間範圍可供取貨 (或已送達) 取貨。使用 estimatedFulfillmentTimeIso8601 欄位的 FoodOrderUpdateExtension，以便系統預估接下來顧客的訂單即可取貨或配送到貨。

在以下時間傳送 estimatedFulfillmentTimeIso8601：

預估時間可供使用時，最好以 CREATED 或 CONFIRMED 狀態。
預估時間發生變化時，例如：更新預計為訂單金額為 IN_TRANSIT 時則提供更準確。

如要有效管理使用者期望，請謹慎進行估算，提供日期和時間範圍，而非固定的日期和時間。請會將路況等變化因素納入考量。適用對象例如，你可以將估計為晚上 12:45 (下限) 傳送至晚上 1:15 (上下限) 規定)。

提供訂單管理動作

傳送訂單最新狀態時，你可以為客戶提供實用資源他們可以使用 OrderManagementAction 格式管理訂單執行客戶下訂單後，可能要聯絡你或餐廳履行訂單以便追蹤進度、變更或取消訂單。

OrderManagementAction 能讓客戶透過電子郵件、電話或連結直接透過自己的裝置存取網址。在 OrderManagementAction，必須與您傳送給內容。

訂單管理動作如下：

CUSTOMER_SERVICE：為客戶提供聯絡客戶的動作課程中也會快速介紹 Memorystore 這是 Google Cloud 的全代管 Redis 服務這個管理動作類型是更新訂單的必要項目。
EMAIL：讓客戶採取行動，傳送電子郵件至提供的建立一個 Fitbit 帳戶。
CALL：請鼓勵客戶撥打提供的電話號碼。
VIEW_DETAIL：提供動作，以便客戶查看順序。

每筆訂單更新都必須包含至少一個訂單管理動作。不過提供的訂單管理動作可能因訂單狀態而異。舉例來說，如果訂單處於 CONFIRMED 狀態，CUSTOMER_SERVICE 動作指向您的客戶服務電話號碼。訂單狀態的時候更新為 IN_TRANSIT，CUSTOMER_SERVICE 動作可以指向出貨餐廳的電話號碼。

傳送訂單最新資訊

您可以使用 AsyncOrderUpdateRequestMessage 訊息類型下單更新至端對端服務。Google 會在 AsyncOrderUpdateResponseMessage。舉例來說，如果您想在如果客戶的訂單已經有效且接受，您可以 AsyncOrderUpdateRequestMessage：將訂單狀態變更為 CONFIRMED 並加上「Accepted by restaurant」標籤

訂單更新圖表

設定訂單更新訊息

當您將 AsyncOrderUpdateRequestMessage 傳送給 Google 時，必須加上關於使用 OrderUpdate 欄位的訂單狀態資訊。

以下範例為 AsyncOrderUpdateRequestMessage 的範例每個訂單狀態：

已確認

本例顯示會通知使用者的訂單更新要求範例確認訂單已附上收據和預計送達讓應用程式從可以最快做出回應的位置回應使用者要求

{
  "isInSandbox": true,
  "customPushMessage": {
    "orderUpdate": {
      "actionOrderId": "sample_action_order_id",
      "orderState": {
        "state": "CONFIRMED",
        "label": "Provider confirmed"
      },
      "receipt": {
        "userVisibleOrderId": "userVisibleId1234"
      },
      "updateTime": "2017-07-17T12:00:00Z",
      "orderManagementActions": [
        {
          "type": "CUSTOMER_SERVICE",
          "button": {
            "title": "Contact customer service",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:support@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "EMAIL",
          "button": {
            "title": "Email restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:person@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_RESTAURANT",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554679"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_DRIVER",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call driver",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554681"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "infoExtension": {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.orders.FoodOrderUpdateExtension",
        "estimatedFulfillmentTimeIso8601": "2017-07-17T13:00:00Z/2017-07-17T13:30:00Z"
      }
    }
  }
}

已拒絕

本例顯示會通知使用者的訂單更新要求範例表示訂單因拒絕原因遭到拒絕。

{
  "isInSandbox": true,
  "customPushMessage": {
    "orderUpdate": {
      "actionOrderId": "sample_action_order_id",
      "orderState": {
        "state": "REJECTED",
        "label": "Order rejected"
      },
      "updateTime": "2017-05-10T02:30:00.000Z",
      "rejectionInfo": {
        "type": "UNKNOWN",
        "reason": "Sorry, the restaurant cannot take your order right now."
      },
      "orderManagementActions": [
        {
          "type": "CUSTOMER_SERVICE",
          "button": {
            "title": "Contact customer service",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:support@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "EMAIL",
          "button": {
            "title": "Email restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:person@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_RESTAURANT",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554679"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_DRIVER",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call driver",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554681"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "infoExtension": {
      "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.orders.FoodOrderUpdateExtension",
      "foodOrderErrors": [
        {
        "error": "NO_CAPACITY",
        "description": "Sorry, the restaurant cannot take your order right now."
        }
      ]
      }
    }
  }
}

已取消

本例顯示會通知使用者的訂單更新要求範例訂單已取消，其中包含取消原因。

{
  "isInSandbox": true,
  "customPushMessage": {
    "orderUpdate": {
      "actionOrderId": "sample_action_order_id",
      "orderState": {
        "state": "CANCELLED",
        "label": "Order cancelled"
      },
      "updateTime": "2017-05-10T02:30:00.000Z",
      "cancellationInfo": {
        "reason": "Customer requested"
      },
      "orderManagementActions": [
        {
          "type": "CUSTOMER_SERVICE",
          "button": {
            "title": "Contact customer service",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:support@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "EMAIL",
          "button": {
            "title": "Email restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:person@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_RESTAURANT",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554679"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_DRIVER",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call driver",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554681"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

IN_PREPARATION

本例顯示會通知使用者的訂單更新要求範例食物目前正在準備中

{
  "isInSandbox":true,
  "customPushMessage":{
    "orderUpdate":{
      "actionOrderId":"sample_action_order_id",
      "orderState":{
        "state":"IN_PREPARATION",
        "label":"Order is being prepared"
      },
      "receipt": {
        "userVisibleOrderId": "userVisibleId1234"
      },
      "updateTime":"2018-04-15T11:30:00Z",
      "orderManagementActions": [
        {
          "type": "CUSTOMER_SERVICE",
          "button": {
            "title": "Contact customer service",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:support@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "EMAIL",
          "button": {
            "title": "Email restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:person@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_RESTAURANT",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554679"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_DRIVER",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call driver",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554681"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "infoExtension":{
        "@type":"type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.orders.FoodOrderUpdateExtension",
        "estimatedFulfillmentTimeIso8601":"PT20M"
      }
    }
  }
}

READY_FOR_PICKUP

本例顯示會通知使用者的訂單更新要求範例餐點已可取貨

{
  "isInSandbox": true,
  "customPushMessage": {
    "orderUpdate": {
      "actionOrderId": "sample_action_order_id",
      "orderState": {
        "state": "READY_FOR_PICKUP",
        "label": "Order is ready for pickup"
      },
      "receipt": {
        "userVisibleOrderId": "userVisibleId1234"
      },
      "updateTime": "2018-04-15T12:00:00Z",
      "orderManagementActions": [
        {
          "type": "CUSTOMER_SERVICE",
          "button": {
            "title": "Contact customer service",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:support@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "EMAIL",
          "button": {
            "title": "Email restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:person@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_RESTAURANT",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554679"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_DRIVER",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call driver",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554681"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "infoExtension": {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.orders.FoodOrderUpdateExtension",
        "estimatedFulfillmentTimeIso8601": "PT20M"
      }
    }
  }
}

IN_TRANSIT

本例顯示會通知使用者的訂單更新要求範例訂單商品正在運送途中，以及預計送達時間。

{
  "isInSandbox": true,
  "customPushMessage": {
    "orderUpdate": {
      "actionOrderId": "sample_action_order_id",
      "orderState": {
        "state": "IN_TRANSIT",
        "label": "Order is on the way"
      },
      "inTransitInfo": {
        "updatedTime": "2017-07-17T12:00:00Z"
      },
      "updateTime": "2017-07-17T12:00:00Z",
      "orderManagementActions": [
        {
          "type": "CUSTOMER_SERVICE",
          "button": {
            "title": "Contact customer service",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:support@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "EMAIL",
          "button": {
            "title": "Email restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:person@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_RESTAURANT",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554679"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_DRIVER",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call driver",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554681"
            }
          }
        }
      ],
      "infoExtension": {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.orders.FoodOrderUpdateExtension",
        "estimatedFulfillmentTimeIso8601": "PT20M"
      }
    }
  }
}

已完成

本例顯示會通知使用者的訂單更新要求範例訂單取貨或送達日期：

{
  "isInSandbox": true,
  "customPushMessage": {
    "orderUpdate": {
      "actionOrderId": "sample_action_order_id",
      "orderState": {
      "state": "FULFILLED",
      "label": "Order delivered"
      },
      "updateTime": "2017-05-10T02:30:00.000Z",
      "fulfillmentInfo": {
        "deliveryTime": "2017-05-10T02:30:00.000Z"
      },
      "orderManagementActions": [
        {
          "type": "CUSTOMER_SERVICE",
          "button": {
            "title": "Contact customer service",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:support@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "EMAIL",
          "button": {
            "title": "Email restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "mailto:person@example.com"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_RESTAURANT",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call restaurant",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554679"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "CALL_DRIVER",
          "button": {
            "title": "Call driver",
            "openUrlAction": {
              "url": "tel:+16505554681"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

如需更多不同用途的訂單更新要求範例，請參閱實作進階訂單更新功能。

產生授權權杖並傳送訊息

訂單更新需要授權權杖，以端對端的方式處理訂單服務人員可確認訊息來自你的訂購端對端網路服務。

如要實作專案訂單更新功能，請按照下列步驟操作：

請按照下列步驟產生授權權杖：
1. 使用 Google 驗證程式庫讀取服務的憑證
2. 使用以下 API 範圍要求權杖： https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation
使用此憑證將經過驗證的 HTTP POST 要求傳送至以下端點：https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send
在要求中將 Content-Type 標頭設為 application/json。

，瞭解如何調查及移除這項存取權。

以下範例說明如何實作訂單更新：

Node.js

這個程式碼使用 Node.js 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。

const {auth} = require('google-auth-library')
const request = require('request');
// The service account client secret file downloaded from the Google Cloud Console
const serviceAccountJson = require('./service-account.json')
// order-update.json is a file that contains the payload
const jsonBody = require('./order-update.json')

/**
 * Get the authorization token using a service account.
 */
async function getAuthToken() {
  let client = auth.fromJSON(serviceAccountJson)
  client.scopes = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation']
  const tokens = await client.authorize()
  return tokens.access_token;
}

/**
 * Send an order update request
 */
async function sendOrderUpdate() {
  const token = await getAuthToken()
  request.post({
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
      'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`
    },
    url: 'https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send',
    body: jsonBody,
    json: true
  },
  (err, res, body) => {
    if (err) { return console.log(err); }
    console.log(`Response: ${JSON.stringify(res)}`)
  })
}

Python

這段程式碼使用 Python 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。

from google.oauth2 import service_account
from google.auth.transport.requests import AuthorizedSession
import json

# service-account.json is the service account client secret file downloaded from the
# Google Cloud Console
credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
    'service-account.json')

scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes(
    ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation'])

authed_session = AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials)

# order-update.json is a file that contains the payload
json_payload=json.load(open('order-update.json'))

response = authed_session.post(
    'https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send',
    json=json_payload)

Java

這個程式碼使用 Java 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。

/**
 * Get the authorization token using a service account.
 */
private static String getAuthToken() {
  InputStream serviceAccountFile = Example.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("service-account.json");
  ServiceAccountCredentials.Builder credentialsSimpleBuilder =
      ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(serviceAccountFile).toBuilder();
  credentialsSimpleBuilder.setScopes(ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation"));
  AccessToken accessToken = credentialsSimpleBuilder.build().refreshAccessToken();
  return accessToken.getTokenValue();
}

/**
 * Send an order update request
 */
public void sendOrderUpdate() {
  String authToken = getAuthToken();
  // Execute POST request
  executePostRequest("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send",
      authToken, "update_order_example.json",);
}

在未發生錯誤的情況下成功更新訂單，Google 會傳回 HTTP 200 回應使用空白酬載如果發生問題，例如更新格式錯誤，Google 會傳回錯誤。