本文档将介绍如何向 Measurement Protocol 发送常规匹配。
概览
本文档将演示如何设置 HTTP 请求的格式,以便向 Google Analytics(分析)Measurement Protocol 发送常见匹配类型。请参阅:
- Protocol 参考 – 关于如何设置 Protocol 请求格式的完整说明。
- 参数参考 – Protocol 接受的所有参数的列表。
发送必需值
要发送用户互动数据,请向以下端点发出 HTTP POST 请求。
POST /collect HTTP/1.1 Host: www.google-analytics.com payload_data
每个负载都必须有以下参数:
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t= // Hit Type.
每个载荷都必须包含有效的命中类型,且每个命中类型都有自己的一组必填字段。因此,要发送 /home
网页的网页浏览数据,您需要使用以下载荷:
v=1&tid=UA-XXXXX-Y&cid=555&t=pageview&dp=%2Fhome
下文将给出常见匹配类型的示例。
批量处理单个请求中的多个匹配
如需在单个请求中发送多个命中,请使用 /batch
端点(而非 /collect
),并在各自的行中指定每个载荷。
例如,要发送网站的“首页”、“关于我们”和“联系方式”页面的网页浏览匹配,您可以发送以下批量请求。
POST /batch HTTP/1.1 Host: www.google-analytics.com v=1&tid=UA-XXXXX-Y&cid=555&t=pageview&dp=%2Fhome v=1&tid=UA-XXXXX-Y&cid=555&t=pageview&dp=%2Fabout v=1&tid=UA-XXXXX-Y&cid=555&t=pageview&dp=%2Fcontact
批量限制
除了 Measurement Protocol 匹配的标准限制外,批量请求还具有以下附加限制:
- 可对每个请求指定最多 20 个匹配。
- 所有匹配负载的总大小不能超过 16K 字节。
- 单个匹配负载不能超过 8K 字节。
发送常见匹配类型
以下示例说明了如何向 Google Analytics(分析)发送常见命中类型。
除了这些示例之外,您还可以混合搭配各种参数来实现新的数据关系。例如,要了解事件是在哪个网页上发生的,您可以发送 pagePath 参数 p
,并搭配事件跟踪参数(详见下文)。
请阅读参数参考,了解可发送至 Google Analytics(分析)的参数的完整列表。
网页跟踪
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=pageview // Pageview hit type. &dh=mydemo.com // Document hostname. &dp=/home // Page. &dt=homepage // Title.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
事件跟踪
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=event // Event hit type &ec=video // Event Category. Required. &ea=play // Event Action. Required. &el=holiday // Event label. &ev=300 // Event value.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
增强型电子商务跟踪
增强型电子商务匹配应用于代替电子商务匹配。如果您之前实现了电子商务跟踪,现在想要开始使用增强型电子商务跟踪,则有两种选择:
使用新的媒体资源
您可以创建一个新的媒体资源,并将增强型电子商务匹配发送到该媒体资源。
迁移现有媒体资源
要将任意电子商务匹配迁移到增强型电子商务匹配,请参照以下示例。之前使用电子商务命中收集的交易和商品数据不会受到影响,可以继续在对应的媒体资源和数据视图中查看。
衡量展示
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=pageview // Pageview hit type. &dh=mydemo.com // Document hostname. &dp=/home // Page. &dt=homepage // Title. &il1nm=Search%20Results // Impression list 1. Required. &il1pi1id=P12345 // Product Impression 1 ID. Either ID or name must be set. &il1pi1nm=Android%20Warhol%20T-Shirt // Product Impression 1 name. Either ID or name must be set. &il1pi1ca=Apparel%2FT-Shirts // Product Impression 1 category. &il1pi1br=Google // Product Impression 1 brand. &il1pi1va=Black // Product Impression 1 variant. &il1pi1ps=1 // Product Impression 1 position. &il1pi1cd1=Member // Custom dimension. &il2nm=Recommended%20Products // Impression list 2. &il2pi1nm=Yellow%20T-Shirt // Product Impression 1 name. &il2pi2nm=Red%20T-Shirt // Product Impression 2 name.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
衡量操作
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=event // Event hit type. &ec=UX // Event Category. Required. &ea=click // Event Action. Required. &el=Results // Event label. &pa=click // Product action (click). Required. &pal=Search%20Results // Product Action List. &pr1id=P12345 // Product 1 ID. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1nm=Android%20Warhol%20T-Shirt // Product 1 name. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1ca=Apparel // Product 1 category. &pr1br=Google // Product 1 brand. &pr1va=Black // Product 1 variant. &pr1ps=1 // Product 1 position.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
合并展示和操作数据
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=event // Event hit type. &ec=UX // Event Category. Required. &ea=click // Event Action. Required. &el=Results // Event label. &pa=detail // Product action (detail). Required. &pr1id=P12345 // Product 1 ID. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1nm=Android%20Warhol%20T-Shirt // Product 1 name. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1ca=Apparel // Product 1 category. &pr1br=Google // Product 1 brand. &pr1va=Black // Product 1 variant. &pr1ps=1 // Product 1 position. &il1nm=Related%20Products // Impression list. &il1pi1id=P12345 // Product Impression 1 ID. &il1pi1nm=Android%20Warhol%20T-Shirt // Product Impression 1 name. &il1pi1ca=Apparel%2FT-Shirts // Product Impression 1 category. &il1pi1br=Google // Product Impression 1 brand. &il1pi1va=Black // Product Impression 1 variant. &il1pi1ps=1 // Product Impression 1 position.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
衡量购买
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=pageview // Pageview hit type. &dh=mydemo.com // Document hostname. &dp=/receipt // Page. &dt=Receipt%20Page // Title. &ti=T12345 // Transaction ID. Required. &ta=Google%20Store%20-%20Online // Affiliation. &tr=37.39 // Revenue. &tt=2.85 // Tax. &ts=5.34 // Shipping. &tcc=SUMMER2013 // Transaction coupon. &pa=purchase // Product action (purchase). Required. &pr1id=P12345 // Product 1 ID. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1nm=Android%20Warhol%20T-Shirt // Product 1 name. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1ca=Apparel // Product 1 category. &pr1br=Google // Product 1 brand. &pr1va=Black // Product 1 variant. &pr1ps=1 // Product 1 position.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
衡量退款情况
如果您需要使用事件来发送退款数据,但该事件不属于通常衡量的网站上行为(即并非由用户发起),则建议您发送非互动事件。这可让跳出率和会话时长等指标免受该事件的影响。
// Refund an entire transaction and send with a non-interaction event. v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=event // Event hit type. &ec=Ecommerce // Event Category. Required. &ea=Refund // Event Action. Required. &ni=1 // Non-interaction parameter. &ti=T12345 // Transaction ID. Required. &pa=refund // Product action (refund). Required.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
// Refund a single product. v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=event // Event hit type. &ec=Ecommerce // Event Category. Required. &ea=Refund // Event Action. Required. &ni=1 // Non-interaction parameter. &ti=T12345 // Transaction ID. Required. &pa=refund // Product action (refund). Required. &pr1id=P12345 // Product 1 ID. Required. &pr1qt=1 // Product 1 quantity. Required.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
衡量结账流程
1. 衡量结账步骤
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=pageview // Pageview hit type. &dh=mydemo.com // Document hostname. &dp=/checkout // Page. &dt=Checkout // Title. &pa=checkout // Product action (checkout). &pr1id=P12345 // Product 1 ID. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1nm=Android%20Warhol%20T-Shirt // Product 1 name. Either ID or name must be set. &pr1ca=Apparel // Product 1 category. &pr1br=Google // Product 1 brand. &pr1va=Black // Product 1 variant. &pr1pr=29.20 // Product 1 Price. &pr1qt=1 // Product 1 quantity. &cos=1 // Checkout step #1. &col=Visa // Checkout step option.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
2. 衡量结账选项
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=event // Event hit type &ec=Checkout // Event Category. Required. &ea=Option // Event Action. Required. &pa=checkout_option // Product action (checkout_option). &cos=2 // Checkout step. &col=FedEx // Checkout step option.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
衡量内部促销
促销信息展示
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=pageview // Pageview hit type. &dh=mydemo.com // Document hostname. &dp=/home // Page. &dt=homepage // Title. &promo1id=PROMO_1234 // Promotion 1 ID. Either ID or name must be set. &promo1nm=Summer%20Sale // Promotion 1 name. Either ID or name must be set. &promo1cr=summer_banner2 // Promotion Creative. &promo1ps=banner_slot1 // Promotion Position.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
促销信息点击
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=event // Event hit type &ec=Internal%20Promotions // Event Category. Required. &ea=click // Event Action. Required. &el=Summer%20Sale // Event label. &promoa=click // Promotion action (click). Required. &promo1id=PROMO_1234 // Promotion 1 ID. Either ID or name must be set. &promo1nm=Summer%20Sale // Promotion 1 name. Either ID or name must be set. &promo1cr=summer_banner2 // Promotion Creative. &promo1ps=banner_slot1 // Promotion Position.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
电子商务跟踪
要发送电子商务数据,请发送一个 transaction
命中以代表整个交易,然后为该交易中的每件商品发送 item
命中。交易 ID ti
会将所有这些命中关联到一起,代表整个购买交易。
交易匹配
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=transaction // Transaction hit type. &ti=12345 // transaction ID. Required. &ta=westernWear // Transaction affiliation. &tr=50.00 // Transaction revenue. &ts=32.00 // Transaction shipping. &tt=12.00 // Transaction tax. &cu=EUR // Currency code.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
商品匹配
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=item // Item hit type. &ti=12345 // Transaction ID. Required. &in=sofa // Item name. Required. &ip=300 // Item price. &iq=2 // Item quantity. &ic=u3eqds43 // Item code / SKU. &iv=furniture // Item variation / category. &cu=EUR // Currency code.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
社交互动
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=social // Social hit type. &sa=like // Social Action. Required. &sn=facebook // Social Network. Required. &st=/home // Social Target. Required.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
异常跟踪
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=exception // Exception hit type. &exd=IOException // Exception description. &exf=1 // Exception is fatal?
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
用户计时跟踪
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=timing // Timing hit type. &utc=jsonLoader // Timing category. &utv=load // Timing variable. &utt=5000 // Timing time. &utl=jQuery // Timing label. // These values are part of browser load times &dns=100 // DNS load time. &pdt=20 // Page download time. &rrt=32 // Redirect time. &tcp=56 // TCP connect time. &srt=12 // Server response time.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
应用/屏幕跟踪
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=screenview // Screenview hit type. &an=funTimes // App name. &av=1.5.0 // App version. &aid=com.foo.App // App Id. &aiid=com.android.vending // App Installer Id. &cd=Home // Screen name / content description.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。
使用代理服务器
在某些环境下无法直接向 Google Analytics(分析)发送匹配。例如无法运行 JavaScript 的旧款手机,或者受防火墙保护的公司内网。 在这些情况下,常见的做法是向代理服务器发送请求,然后该服务器再使用 Measurement Protocol 将命中转发到 Google Analytics(分析)。
要从客户端设备而非代理服务器收集 IP 地址和用户代理信息,您可以在 Measurement Protocol 中指定这两个值,它们将会覆盖 Google Analytics(分析)通常从请求标头中获取的值。
v=1 // Version. &tid=UA-XXXXX-Y // Tracking ID / Property ID. &cid=555 // Anonymous Client ID. &t=pageview // Pageview hit type. &uip=1.2.3.4 // IP address override. &ua=Opera/9.80 // User agent override.
请在 Measurement Protocol 匹配构建器中查看此匹配。