Webhook

為了讓您更靈活地建構動作,您可以委派邏輯 HTTPS Web 服務 (執行要求)。您的動作會觸發 Webhook 向 HTTPS 端點發出要求以下列舉幾個功能 執行要求包括:

  • 根據使用者提供的資訊產生動態提示。
  • 在外部系統中下單並確認成功。
  • 正在透過後端資料驗證運算單元。
圖 1. 可能會觸發叫用意圖和場景 Webhook。

Webhook 觸發條件和處理常式

您的動作可在叫用意圖或場景中觸發 Webhook 會向您的執行要求端點傳送要求。您的執行要求包含 Webhook 在要求中處理 JSON 酬載的處理常式。您可以在 下列情況:

  • 成功比對叫用意圖後
  • 在進入舞台的場景中
  • 某個條件在場景的條件階段評估為 true 之後
  • 場景的運算單元填充階段
  • 在情境的輸入階段發生意圖比對後

當你在動作中觸發 Webhook 時,Google 助理會傳送要求 並將 JSON 酬載套用至您的執行要求,其中包含 處理事件所用的處理常式名稱。您的執行要求端點 將事件轉送至適當的處理常式,執行邏輯並傳回 與 JSON 酬載相關的回應

酬載

下列程式碼片段為動作傳送的要求示例 以及執行要求傳回的回應。詳情請參閱 參考說明文件 可能不準確或不適當

要求範例

{
  "handler": {
    "name": "handler_name"
  },
  "intent": {
    "name": "actions.intent.MAIN",
    "params": {},
    "query": ""
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slotFillingStatus": "UNSPECIFIED",
    "slots": {}
  },
  "session": {
    "id": "example_session_id",
    "params": {},
    "typeOverrides": []
  },
  "user": {
    "locale": "en-US",
    "params": {
      "verificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
    }
  },
  "home": {
    "params": {}
  },
  "device": {
    "capabilities": [
      "SPEECH",
      "RICH_RESPONSE",
      "LONG_FORM_AUDIO"
    ]
  }
}

回應範例

{
  "session": {
    "id": "example_session_id",
    "params": {}
  },
  "prompt": {
    "override": false,
    "firstSimple": {
      "speech": "Hello World.",
      "text": ""
    }
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slots": {},
    "next": {
      "name": "actions.scene.END_CONVERSATION"
    }
  }
}

執行階段互動

以下各節將說明您可以在 Webhook 處理常式

傳送提示

您可以用簡單的文字、RTF 格式和資訊卡建立提示,甚至可以完全模糊處理 由網頁應用程式支援的 HTML 提示和互動畫布提示說明文件提供 提供有關如何在處理 Webhook 事件時建立提示的完整資訊。 下列程式碼片段為卡片提示:

Node.js

app.handle('rich_response', conv => {
  conv.add('This is a card rich response.');
  conv.add(new Card({
    title: 'Card Title',
    subtitle: 'Card Subtitle',
    text: 'Card Content',
    image: new Image({
      url: 'https://developers.google.com/assistant/assistant_96.png',
      alt: 'Google Assistant logo'
    })
  }));
});

回應 JSON

{
  "session": {
    "id": "example_session_id",
    "params": {}
  },
  "prompt": {
    "override": false,
    "content": {
      "card": {
        "title": "Card Title",
        "subtitle": "Card Subtitle",
        "text": "Card Content",
        "image": {
          "alt": "Google Assistant logo",
          "height": 0,
          "url": "https://developers.google.com/assistant/assistant_96.png",
          "width": 0
        }
      }
    },
    "firstSimple": {
      "speech": "This is a card rich response.",
      "text": ""
    }
  }
}

讀取意圖參數

當 Google 助理執行階段符合意圖時,就會擷取 參數。原始屬性是使用者提供的輸入內容 已解析屬性,NLU 會根據類型 規格。

Node.js

conv.intent.params['param_name'].original
conv.intent.params['param_name'].resolved

要求 JSON

{
  "handler": {
    "name": "handler_name"
  },
  "intent": {
    "name": "intent_name",
    "params": {
      "slot_name": {
        "original": "1",
        "resolved": 1
      }
    },
    "query": ""
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slotFillingStatus": "UNSPECIFIED",
    "slots": {},
    "next": {
      "name": "actions.scene.END_CONVERSATION"
    }
  },
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {},
    "typeOverrides": []
  },
  "user": {
    "locale": "en-US",
    "params": {
      "verificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
    }
  },
  "home": {
    "params": {}
  },
  "device": {
    "capabilities": [
      "SPEECH",
      "RICH_RESPONSE",
      "LONG_FORM_AUDIO"
    ]
  }
}

讀取使用者語言代碼

這個值對應的是使用者針對 Google 助理的語言代碼設定。

Node.js

conv.user.locale

JSON

{
  "handler": {
    "name": "handler_name"
  },
  "intent": {
    "name": "actions.intent.MAIN",
    "params": {},
    "query": ""
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slotFillingStatus": "UNSPECIFIED",
    "slots": {}
  },
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {},
    "typeOverrides": []
  },
  "user": {
    "locale": "en-US",
    "params": {
      "verificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
    }
  },
  "home": {
    "params": {}
  },
  "device": {
    "capabilities": [
      "SPEECH",
      "RICH_RESPONSE",
      "LONG_FORM_AUDIO"
    ]
  }
}

讀取及寫入儲存空間

請參閱儲存空間說明文件,進一步瞭解如何 且會使用多項儲存空間功能

Node.js

//read
conv.session.params.key
conv.user.params.key
conv.home.params.key

// write
conv.session.params.key = value
conv.user.params.key = value
conv.home.params.key = value 

要求 JSON

{
  "handler": {
    "name": "handler_name"
  },
  "intent": {
    "name": "actions.intent.MAIN",
    "params": {},
    "query": ""
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slotFillingStatus": "UNSPECIFIED",
    "slots": {}
  },
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {
      "key": "value"
    },
    "typeOverrides": [],
    "languageCode": ""
  },
  "user": {
    "locale": "en-US",
    "params": {
      "verificationStatus": "VERIFIED",
      "key": "value"
    }
  },
  "home": {
    "params": {
      "key": "value"
    }
  },
  "device": {
    "capabilities": [
      "SPEECH",
      "RICH_RESPONSE",
      "LONG_FORM_AUDIO"
    ]
  }
}

回應 JSON

{
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {
      "key": "value"
    }
  },
  "prompt": {
    "override": false,
    "firstSimple": {
      "speech": "Hello world.",
      "text": ""
    }
  },
  "user": {
    "locale": "en-US",
    "params": {
      "verificationStatus": "VERIFIED",
      "key": "value"
    }
  },
  "home": {
    "params": {
      "key": "value"
    }
  }
}

檢查裝置功能

您可以查看裝置功能,藉此提供不同的體驗。 對話流程

Node.js

const supportsRichResponse = conv.device.capabilities.includes("RICH_RESPONSE");
const supportsLongFormAudio = conv.device.capabilities.includes("LONG_FORM_AUDIO");
const supportsSpeech = conv.device.capabilities.includes("SPEECH");
const supportsInteractiveCanvas = conv.device.capabilities.includes("INTERACTIVE_CANVAS");

要求 JSON

{
  "handler": {
    "name": "handler_name"
  },
  "intent": {
    "name": "actions.intent.MAIN",
    "params": {},
    "query": ""
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slotFillingStatus": "UNSPECIFIED",
    "slots": {}
  },
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {},
    "typeOverrides": [],
    "languageCode": ""
  },
  "user": {
    "locale": "en-US",
    "params": {
      "verificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
    }
  },
  "home": {
    "params": {}
  },
  "device": {
    "capabilities": [
      "SPEECH",
      "RICH_RESPONSE",
      "LONG_FORM_AUDIO",
      "INTERACTIVE_CANVAS"
    ]
  }
}

如需完整的表面功能清單,請參閱 Capability 參照。

執行階段類型覆寫

執行階段類型可讓您在執行階段修改類型規格。您可以使用 功能,載入其他來源的資料以填入類型的有效值。適用對象 舉例來說,您可以使用執行階段類型覆寫功能,在問卷調查中加入動態選項 問題,或在菜單加入每日項目。

如要使用執行階段類型,您必須透過動作觸發 Webhook,呼叫 執行要求。接著,您可以填入 session.typeOverrides 參數,以回應動作。可用 模式包括 TYPE_MERGE 以保留現有的類型項目,或 TYPE_REPLACE 以覆寫值取代現有項目

Node.js

conv.session.typeOverrides = [{
    name: type_name,
    mode: 'TYPE_REPLACE',
    synonym: {
      entries: [
        {
          name: 'ITEM_1',
          synonyms: ['Item 1', 'First item']
        },
        {
          name: 'ITEM_2',
          synonyms: ['Item 2', 'Second item']
       },
       {
          name: 'ITEM_3',
          synonyms: ['Item 3', 'Third item']
        },
        {
          name: 'ITEM_4',
          synonyms: ['Item 4', 'Fourth item']
        },
    ]
  }
}];

回應 JSON

{
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {},
    "typeOverrides": [
      {
        "name": "type_name",
        "synonym": {
          "entries": [
            {
              "name": "ITEM_1",
              "synonyms": [
                "Item 1",
                "First item"
              ]
            },
            {
              "name": "ITEM_2",
              "synonyms": [
                "Item 2",
                "Second item"
              ]
            },
            {
              "name": "ITEM_3",
              "synonyms": [
                "Item 3",
                "Third item"
              ]
            },
            {
              "name": "ITEM_4",
              "synonyms": [
                "Item 4",
                "Fourth item"
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "typeOverrideMode": "TYPE_REPLACE"
      }
    ]
  },
  "prompt": {
    "override": false,
    "firstSimple": {
      "speech": "This is an example prompt.",
      "text": "This is an example prompt."
    }
  }
}

提供語音自訂調整功能

語音自訂調整功能可讓您指定 NLU 的提示,以便改善意圖比對成效。個人中心 最多可以指定 1000 個項目。

Node.js

conv.expected.speech = ['value_1', 'value_2']
conv.expected.language = 'locale_string'

回應 JSON

{
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {}
  },
  "prompt": {
    "override": false,
    "firstSimple": {
      "speech": "This is an example prompt.",
      "text": "This is an example prompt."
    }
  },
  "expected": {
    "speech": "['value_1', 'value_2']",
    "language": "locale_string"
  }
}

轉場效果場景

除了在 Actions 專案中定義靜態轉換外, ,因此場景轉換會在執行階段發生

Node.js

app.handle('transition_to_hidden_scene', conv => {
  // Dynamic transition
  conv.scene.next.name = "HiddenScene";
});

回應 JSON

{
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {}
  },
  "prompt": {
    "override": false,
    "firstSimple": {
      "speech": "This is an example prompt.",
      "text": ""
    }
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slots": {},
    "next": {
      "name": "HiddenScene"
    }
  }
}

讀取場景版位

在運算單元填充期間,您可以使用執行要求來驗證運算單元,或查看 運算單元填充狀態 (SlotFillingStatus)。

Node.js

conv.scene.slotFillingStatus  // FINAL means all slots are filled
conv.scene.slots  // Object that contains all the slots
conv.scene.slots['slot_name'].<property_name> // Accessing a specific slot's properties

舉例來說,假設您想要從回應中擷取時區。於 在這個範例中,版位名稱為 datetime1。若要取得時區,您應 而是使用:

conv.scene.slots['datetime1'].value.time_zone.id

要求 JSON

{
  "handler": {
    "name": "handler_name"
  },
  "intent": {
    "name": "",
    "params": {
      "slot_name": {
        "original": "1",
        "resolved": 1
      }
    },
    "query": ""
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slotFillingStatus": "FINAL",
    "slots": {
      "slot_name": {
        "mode": "REQUIRED",
        "status": "SLOT_UNSPECIFIED",
        "updated": true,
        "value": 1
      }
    },
    "next": {
      "name": "actions.scene.END_CONVERSATION"
    }
  },
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {
      "slot_name": 1
    },
    "typeOverrides": []
  },
  "user": {
    "locale": "en-US",
    "params": {
      "verificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
    }
  },
  "home": {
    "params": {}
  },
  "device": {
    "capabilities": [
      "SPEECH",
      "RICH_RESPONSE",
      "LONG_FORM_AUDIO"
    ]
  }
}

撤銷場景運算單元

您可以撤銷版位,讓使用者提供新值。

Node.js

conv.scene.slots['slot_name'].status = 'INVALID'

回應 JSON

{
  "session": {
    "id": "session_id",
    "params": {
      "slot_name": 1
    }
  },
  "prompt": {
    "override": false,
    "firstSimple": {
      "speech": "This is an example prompt.",
      "text": ""
    }
  },
  "scene": {
    "name": "SceneName",
    "slots": {
      "slot_name": {
        "mode": "REQUIRED",
        "status": "INVALID",
        "updated": true,
        "value": 1
      }
    },
    "next": {
      "name": "actions.scene.END_CONVERSATION"
    }
  }
}

開發選項

動作建構工具提供一個名為 Cloud Functions 編輯器的內嵌編輯器。 直接在 Google Cloud 控制台中 控制台。您也可以為所選主機建構及部署執行要求 ,並將 HTTPS 執行要求端點註冊為 Webhook 處理常式。

內嵌編輯器

如要使用 Cloud Functions 編輯器進行開發,請按照下列步驟操作:

  1. 建立「sdk/webhooks/ActionsOnGoogleFulfillment.yaml」檔案。 並為動作定義處理常式和使用的內嵌 Cloud 函式 執行要求
    handlers:
    - name: questionOnEnterFunc
    - name: fruitSlotValidationFunc
    inlineCloudFunction:
      executeFunction: ActionsOnGoogleFulfillment
        
  2. 建立資料夾 sdk/webhooks/ActionsOnGoogleFulfillment, 並新增實作處理常式的 index.js 檔案 先前定義的,以及定義 npm 的 package.json 檔案 瞭解程式碼的需求
    // index.js
    const {conversation} = require('@assistant/conversation');
    const functions = require('firebase-functions');
    
    const app = conversation();
    
    app.handle('questionOnEnterFunc', conv => {
      conv.add('questionOnEnterFunc triggered on webhook');
    });
    
    app.handle('fruitSlotValidationFunc', conv => {
      conv.add('fruitSlotValidationFunc triggered on webhook');
    });
    
    exports.ActionsOnGoogleFulfillment = functions.https.onRequest(app);
        
    // package.json
    {
      "name": "ActionsOnGoogleFulfillment",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "description": "Actions on Google fulfillment",
      "main": "index.js",
      "dependencies": {
        "@assistant/conversation": "^3.0.0",
        "firebase-admin": "^5.4.3",
        "firebase-functions": "^0.7.1"
      }
    }
        

外部 HTTPS 端點

本節說明如何將 Cloud Functions for Firebase Conversational Action 的執行要求服務。不過,您就能 要求傳送至您選擇的代管服務。

設定環境

使用 Cloud Functions 時,建議您採用以下專案結構 Firebase 做為執行要求服務:

ProjectFolder        - Root folder for the project
  sdk                - Actions project configuration files
  functions          - Cloud functions for Firebase files

如要設定環境,請按照下列步驟操作:

  1. 下載並安裝 Node.js
  2. 設定並初始化 Firebase CLI。如果下列指令失敗, 如果發生 EACCES 錯誤,你可能需要變更 npm 權限

    npm install -g firebase-tools
    
  3. 使用您的 Google 帳戶驗證 Firebase 工具:

    firebase login
    
  4. 啟動您儲存Actions 專案的專案目錄。 系統會要求選取要設定的 Firebase CLI 功能 和 Actions 專案一起建立選擇Functions和其他您可能會想使用的功能 例如 Firestore,然後按下 Enter 鍵確認並繼續操作:

    $ cd <ACTIONS_PROJECT_DIRECTORY>
    $ firebase init
    
  5. 使用 Actions 專案來選取 Firebase 工具與 Actions 專案之間的關聯 使用方向鍵瀏覽專案清單:

  6. 選擇專案後,Firebase 工具會啟動函式 。使用方向鍵選取項目 然後按下 Enter 鍵繼續。

    === Functions Setup
    A functions directory will be created in your project with a Node.js
    package pre-configured. Functions can be deployed with firebase deploy.
    
    ? What language would you like to use to write Cloud Functions? (Use arrow keys)
    > JavaScript
    TypeScript
    
  7. 選擇是否要使用 ESLint 找出可能的錯誤並強制執行樣式,方法是輸入 YN

    ? Do you want to use ESLint to catch probable bugs and enforce style? (Y/n)
  8. 在提示中輸入 Y,取得專案依附元件:

    ? Do you want to install dependencies with npm now? (Y/n)

    設定完成後,您會看到類似下方的輸出內容:

    ✔  Firebase initialization complete!
    
  9. 安裝 @assistant/conversation 依附元件:

    $ cd <ACTIONS_PROJECT_DIRECTORY>/functions
    $ npm install @assistant/conversation --save
    
  10. 取得執行要求依附元件,並部署執行要求函式:

    $ npm install
    $ firebase deploy --only functions
    

    部署作業需要幾分鐘才能完成。完成後,您會看到類似的內容 如下:您需要函式網址才能輸入 Dialogflow。

    ✔  Deploy complete!
    Project Console: https://console.firebase.google.com/project/<PROJECT_ID>/overview Function URL (<FUNCTION_NAME>): https://us-central1-<PROJECT_ID>.cloudfunctions.net/<FUNCTION_NAME>
  11. 複製執行要求網址,以便在下節使用。

註冊 Webhook 處理常式

  1. 建立 sdk/webhooks/ActionsOnGoogleFulfillment.yaml 檔案並定義 動作的處理常式以及 Webhook 要求的網址。
    httpsEndpoint:
      baseUrl: https://my.web.hook/ActionsOnGoogleFulfillment
      endpointApiVersion: 2
    handlers:
    - name: questionOnEnterFunc
    - name: fruitSlotValidationFunc