實作提示 (Dialogflow)

請參閱下列提示，實作良好的對話設計做法融入動作中

預期變化

請在「使用者說法」在 Dialogflow 中輸入的內容此外，請使用多個可對應至同一動作的意圖，並可利用不同的「使用者說」集合例如語句。

提供實用的回想建議，並在失敗時妥善處理

動作有時因為沒有收到輸入內容，而無法進行下一步 (稱為「無輸入」) 或無法理解使用者的輸入內容 (稱為「不相符」)。發生這種情況時，Google 助理會先嘗試判斷使用者是否想要觸發其他「動作」如果 Google 助理與使用者輸入內容不相符到另一個動作時，使用者會在動作的情境中繼續。這種情況隨時都可能發生，因此最佳做法是使用備用選項的對話中，每次循環出現沒有輸入內容或不相符的情況。您可使用備用選項，協助使用者恢復正常使用。

方法是在 conv.data 物件中初始化 fallbackCount 變數。並將其設為 0。準備兩個備用提示陣列 (明確提報)。以及最後一則備用提示來結束對話

接著，請建立備用意圖 (建議為代理程式)。在意圖處理常式中，從 conv.data 提取備用計數遞增物件，如果小於 3，請從陣列提取提示三分之一。如果計數為 4 以上，請使用最後一個選項關閉對話提示。在所有非備用的意圖中，將備用次數重設為 0。在理想情況下，建議您根據特定意圖將備用方案範本化。

Node.js

const GENERAL_FALLBACK = [
   'Sorry, what was that?',
   'I didn\'t quite get that. I can help you find good local restaurants, what do you want to know about?',
];

const LIST_FALLBACK = [
   'Sorry, what was that?',
   'I didn\'t catch that. Could you tell me which one you prefer?',
];

const FINAL_FALLBACK = 'I\'m sorry I\'m having trouble here. Let\'s talk again later.';

const handleFallback = (conv, promptFetch, callback) => {
 conv.data.fallbackCount = parseInt(conv.data.fallbackCount, 10);
 conv.data.fallbackCount++;
 if (conv.data.fallbackCount > 2) {
   conv.close(promptFetch.getFinalFallbackPrompt());
 } else {
   callback();
 }
}
// Intent handlers below
const generalFallback = (conv) => {
  handleFallback = (conv, promptFetch, () => {
    conv.ask(GENERAL_FALLBACK[conv.data.fallbackCount],
      getGeneralNoInputPrompts());
 });
}

const listFallback = (conv) => {
  handleFallback = (conv, promptFetch, () => {
   conv.ask(LIST_FALLBACK[conv.data.fallbackCount],
       getGeneralNoInputPrompts());
 });
}

const nonFallback = (conv) => {
  conv.data.fallbackCount = 0;
  conv.ask('A non-fallback message here');
}

Java

private static final List<String> GENERAL_FALLBACK =
    Arrays.asList(
        "Sorry, what was that?",
        "I didn\'t quite get that. I can tell you all about IO, like date or location, or about the sessions. What do you want to know about?");
private static final List<String> LIST_FALLBACK =
    Arrays.asList(
        "Sorry, what was that?",
        "I didn\'t catch that. Could you tell me which one you liked?");
private static final List<String> FINAL_FALLBACK =
    Arrays.asList("I\'m sorry I\'m having trouble here. Maybe we should try this again later.");

@ForIntent("General Fallback")
public ActionResponse generalFallback(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  int fallbackCount = (Integer) request.getConversationData().get("fallbackCount");
  fallbackCount++;
  request.getConversationData().put("fallbackCount", fallbackCount);
  if (fallbackCount > 2) {
    responseBuilder.add(getRandomPromptFromList(FINAL_FALLBACK)).endConversation();
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add(getRandomPromptFromList(GENERAL_FALLBACK));
  }
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

private String getRandomPromptFromList(List<String> prompts) {
  Random rand = new Random();
  int i = rand.nextInt(prompts.size());
  return prompts.get(i);
}

@ForIntent("List Fallback")
public ActionResponse listFallback(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  int fallbackCount = (Integer) request.getConversationData().get("fallbackCount");
  fallbackCount++;
  request.getConversationData().put("fallbackCount", fallbackCount);
  if (fallbackCount > 2) {
    responseBuilder.add(getRandomPromptFromList(FINAL_FALLBACK)).endConversation();
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add(getRandomPromptFromList(LIST_FALLBACK));
  }
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

@ForIntent("Non Fallback")
public ActionResponse nonFallback(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  request.getConversationData().put("fallbackCount", 0);
  responseBuilder.add("Non Fallback message");
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

隨時準備提供協助

建立用來監聽說明詞組的意圖，例如「我可以做些什麼？」、「你可以告訴我哪些資訊」或「說明」。在這個意圖中，提供一些 (旋轉) 的可在回應中提供概觀的資訊，並將使用者導向可能採取的行動在理想情況下，您也可以使用 Dialogflow 中的後續追蹤意圖：為不同的可行意圖建立不同的說明情境

Node.js

const HELP_PROMPTS = [
   'There\'s a lot you might want to know about the local restaurants, and I can tell you all about it, like where it is and what kind of food they have. What do you want to know?',
   'I\'m here to help, so let me know if you need any help figuring out where or what to eat. What do you want to know?',
];

// Intent handler
const help = (conv) => {
 reply(conv, promptFetch.getHelpPrompt(), // fetches random entry from HELP_PROMPTS
     promptFetch.getGeneralNoInputPrompts());
}

Java

private static final List<String> HELP_PROMPTS =
    Arrays.asList(
        "There's a lot you might want to know about IO, and I can tell you all about it, like where it is and what the sessions are. What do you want to know?",
        "IO can be a little overwhelming, so I\'m here to help. Let me know if you need any help figuring out the event, like when it is, or what the sessions are. What do you want to know?");

@ForIntent("Help")
public ActionResponse help(ActionRequest request) {
  return getResponseBuilder(request).add(getRandomPromptFromList(HELP_PROMPTS)).build();
}

允許使用者重播資訊

將所有 app.ask(output) 方法納入輸出至 conv.data.lastPrompt。建立會監聽的重複意圖提示使用者重複提示，例如「什麼？」「再說一次」或「你可以嗎？」重複一次嗎？」建立可使用的重複前置字元陣列才能確認使用者要求執行某項動作重複播放意圖處理常式，使用重複前置字元的串連字串呼叫 ask()，並 conv.data.lastPrompt 的值。請注意，在 SSML 開頭標記 (如用於最後一個提示)。

Node.js

const REPEAT_PREFIX = [
    'Sorry, I said ',
    'Let me repeat that. ',
];

const reply = (conv, inputPrompt, noInputPrompts) => {
  conv.data.lastPrompt = inputPrompt;
  conv.data.lastNoInputPrompts = noInputPrompts;
  conv.ask(inputPrompt, noInputPrompts);
}
// Intent handlers
const normalIntent = (conv) => {
  reply(conv, 'Hey this is a question', SOME_NO_INPUT_PROMPTS);
}

const repeat = (conv) => {
  let repeatPrefix = promptFetch.getRepeatPrefix(); // randomly chooses from REPEAT_PREFIX
  // Move SSML start tags over
  if (conv.data.lastPrompt.startsWith(promptFetch.getSSMLPrefix())) {
    conv.data.lastPrompt =
        conv.data.lastPrompt.slice(promptFetch.getSSMLPrefix().length);
    repeatPrefix = promptFetch.getSSMLPrefix() + repeatPrefix;
  }
  conv.ask(repeatPrefix + conv.data.lastPrompt,
      conv.data.lastNoInputPrompts);
}

Java

private final List<String> REPEAT_PREFIX = Arrays.asList("Sorry, I said ", "Let me repeat that.");

private final String SsmlPrefix = "<speak>";

@ForIntent("Normal Intent")
public ActionResponse normalIntent(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  responseBuilder.getConversationData().put("lastPrompt", "Hey this is a question");
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

@ForIntent("repeat")
public ActionResponse repeat(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  String repeatPrefix = getRandomPromptFromList(REPEAT_PREFIX);
  // Move SSML start tags over
  String lastPrompt = (String) responseBuilder.getConversationData().get("lastPrompt");
  if (lastPrompt.startsWith(SsmlPrefix)) {
    String newLastPrompt = lastPrompt.substring(SsmlPrefix.length());
    responseBuilder.getConversationData().put("lastPrompt", newLastPrompt);
    repeatPrefix = SsmlPrefix + repeatPrefix;
  }
  responseBuilder.add(repeatPrefix + lastPrompt);
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

運用使用者的偏好，打造充滿個人風格的對話

你的動作可以要求使用者提供偏好設定，並讓系統記住使用者的偏好方便日後您與該使用者進行個人化對話。

以這個例子來說，動作範例會為使用者提供特定郵遞區號的天氣預報。下列範例程式碼詢問使用者是否希望動作記住自己的郵遞區號程式碼可用於後續對話

Node.js

app.intent('weather_report', (conv) => {
  let zip = conv.arguments.get('zipcode');
  conv.data.zip = zip;
  conv.ask(getWeatherReport(zip));
  conv.ask(new Confirmation(`Should I remember ${zip} for next time?`));
});

app.intent('remember_zip', (conv, params, confirmation) => {
  if (confirmation) {
    conv.user.storage.zip = conv.data.zip;
    conv.close('Great! See you next time.');
  } else conv.close('Ok, no problem.');
});

Java

@ForIntent("weather_report")
public ActionResponse weatherReport(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  String zip = (String) request.getArgument("location").getStructuredValue().get("zipCode");
  responseBuilder.getConversationData().put("zip", zip);
  responseBuilder.add(getWeatherReport(zip));
  responseBuilder.add(
      new Confirmation().setConfirmationText("Should I remember " + zip + " for next time?"));
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

@ForIntent("remember_zip")
public ActionResponse rememberZip(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.getUserConfirmation()) {
    responseBuilder.getUserStorage().put("zip", responseBuilder.getConversationData().get("zip"));
    responseBuilder.add("Great! See you next time.").endConversation();
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, no problem.").endConversation();
  }
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

在使用者第一次對話時，詢問他們所在位置的郵遞區號後，使用者下次叫用時，就可以略過該提示，並使用相同的郵遞區號。您仍需要提供逸出路線 (例如允許路線的建議方塊) 即可選擇其他郵遞區號)，不過做法是減少也能讓您打造更流暢的體驗。

Node.js

app.intent('weather_report', (conv) => {
  let zip = conv.arguments.get('zipcode');
  if (zip) {
    conv.close(getWeatherReport(zip));
  } else if (conv.user.storage.zip) {
    conv.ask(new SimpleResponse(getWeatherReport(conv.user.storage.zip)));
    conv.ask(new Suggestions('Try another zipcode'));
  } else {
    conv.ask('What\'s your zip code?');
  }
});

app.intent('provide_zip_df', (conv) => {
  conv.user.storage.zip = conv.arguments.get('zipcode');
  conv.close(getWeatherReport(conv.user.storage.zip));
});

Java

public ActionResponse weatherReport2(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  String zip = (String) request.getArgument("location").getStructuredValue().get("zipCode");
  if (zip != null) {
    responseBuilder.add(getWeatherReport(zip)).endConversation();
  } else if ((zip = (String) responseBuilder.getUserStorage().get("zip")) != null) {
    responseBuilder.add(new SimpleResponse().setTextToSpeech(getWeatherReport(zip)));
    responseBuilder.add(new Suggestion().setTitle("Try another zipcode"));
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("What's your zip code?");
  }
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

為回訪者量身打造

確保對話之間維持一定狀態吸引回訪者的使用體驗想要打造這個體驗，第一步是問候回訪者有哪些不同例如，您可輕觸問候語，或是根據過去的對話內容顯示實用資訊。方法是使用傳入的 AppRequest.User lastSeen 屬性，判斷使用者是否互動過的內容。如果包含 lastSeen 屬性中，您可以使用與一般不同的問候語。

以下程式碼使用 Node.js 用戶端程式庫擷取 last.seen。

Node.js

// This function is used to handle the welcome intent
// In Dialogflow, the Default Welcome Intent ('input.welcome' action)
// In Actions SDK, the 'actions.intent.MAIN' intent
const welcome = (conv) => {
  if (conv.user.last.seen) {
    conv.ask(`Hey you're back...`);
  } else {
    conv.ask('Welcome to World Cities Trivia!...');
  }
}

Java

// This function is used to handle the welcome intent
// In Dialogflow, the Default Welcome Intent ('input.welcome' action)
// In Actions SDK, the 'actions.intent.MAIN' intent
public ActionResponse welcome(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.getUser().getLastSeen() != null) {
    responseBuilder.add("Hey you're back...");
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("Welcome to Number Genie!...");
  }
  return responseBuilder.build();
}

您可根據實際的值為 lastSeen。例如，最終互動發生過多次的使用者目前互動前幾個月可能會收到不同的問候語當天使用動作的使用者。

對話內音量控制

在支援的裝置上，使用者可以透過 Google 助理控制對話動作。只要說「調高音量」或「設定將音量調高到 50%」即可。如果您的意圖會處理類似的訓練詞組意圖的優先順序建議您讓 Google 助理處理這些資訊。