> [!NOTE]
> **Try the snippets:** Import, deploy, and explore code snippets in context using a new
> Dialogflow agent.
>
### Explore in Dialogflow
Click **Continue** to import our Notifications sample in Dialogflow. Then, follow the
steps below to deploy and test the sample:
1. Enter an agent name and create a new Dialogflow agent for the sample.
2. After the agent is done importing, click **Go to agent**.
3. From the main navigation menu, go to **Fulfillment**.
4. Enable the **Inline Editor** , then click **Deploy**. The editor contains the sample code.
5. From the main navigation menu, go to **Integrations** , then click **Google
Assistant**.
6. In the modal window that appears, enable **Auto-preview changes** and click **Test** to open the Actions simulator.
7. In the simulator, enter `Talk to my test app` to test the sample!
[Continue](https://console.dialogflow.com/api-client/#/oneclick?templateUrl=https:%2F%2Fstorage.googleapis.com%2Fdialogflow-oneclick%2Fone_click_artifacts%2FnotificationsOneClick.zip)
Your Action can push notifications to users whenever relevant, such as sending
a reminder when the due date for a task is near.
In this guide, we use the [Actions on Google tips sample](https://github.com/actions-on-google/dialogflow-updates-nodejs)
as a reference to show you how to set up push notifications for your Action.
When users invoke this Action, it asks whether they want to hear a tip
about developing their own Action. Users can
choose either a specific or randomly selected category for the tip, or they can
choose to hear the most recent tip.
## Supported surfaces
Push notifications are available on Android and iOS devices (iOS devices must
have the Assistant app installed to receive push notifications). They are not
currently supported on voice-activated speakers, smart displays, or other surfaces.
## Prerequisites
At least one of the Actions in your Actions project must be configured as a
triggering intent which will be invoked when the user taps a notification received from
the Assistant.
Your Actions cannot be configured to trigger the Default Welcome Intent from a push notification.
## Console setup
To add support for push notifications to your Action:
1. Go to the [Actions console](https://console.actions.google.com) and navigate
to **Build \> Actions**.
2. Click the Action that matches the additional triggering intent you want to
enable push notifications for.
For the Actions on Google tips sample, you would select "tell_latest_tip".
3. Scroll down to the **User engagement** section and turn on
**Would you like to send push notifications**.
4. Enter a **Content title**.
For the Actions on Google tips sample, the title could be "New tip added".
5. Click **Save**.
## Imports
For the purposes of the next sections, in your fulfillment code, you will
need to declare the following imports:
Dialogflow
```
const {
dialogflow,
UpdatePermission,
Suggestions,
} = require('actions-on-google');
```
Actions SDK
```
const {
actionssdk,
UpdatePermission,
Suggestions,
} = require('actions-on-google');
```
## Opt-in users
Before you can send push notifications to users, you must ask for them to opt-in.
You can do this by showing them a suggestion chip to ask for their permission.
When they grant permission, you receive an update user ID to send
push notifications to that user.
### Show suggestion chips for opt-in
Before users can receive push notifications from your Action, you must show them a
suggestion chip to invite them to opt-in for push notifications.
The following code snippet sends the user an 'Alert me of new tips' suggestion
chip alongside a text response.
Dialogflow Node.js
```
conv.ask('I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?');
conv.ask(new Suggestions('Send notifications'));
```
Actions SDK Node.js
```
conv.ask(' I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?');
conv.ask(new Suggestions('Send notifications'));
```
Dialogflow Java
```
responseBuilder
.add("I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?")
.addSuggestions(new String[] {
"Send notifications"
});
```
Actions SDK Java
```
responseBuilder
.add("I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?")
.addSuggestions(new String[] {
"Send notifications"
});
```
Dialogflow JSON
Note that the JSON below describes a webhook response.
```
{
"payload": {
"google": {
"expectUserResponse": true,
"richResponse": {
"items": [
{
"simpleResponse": {
"textToSpeech": "Hi! Welcome to Push Notifications!"
}
},
{
"simpleResponse": {
"textToSpeech": "I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?"
}
}
],
"suggestions": [
{
"title": "Send notifications"
}
]
}
}
}
}
```
Actions SDK JSON
Note that the JSON below describes a webhook response.
```
{
"expectUserResponse": true,
"expectedInputs": [
{
"possibleIntents": [
{
"intent": "actions.intent.TEXT"
}
],
"inputPrompt": {
"richInitialPrompt": {
"items": [
{
"simpleResponse": {
"textToSpeech": "Hi! Welcome to Push Notifications!"
}
},
{
"simpleResponse": {
"textToSpeech": " I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?"
}
}
],
"suggestions": [
{
"title": "Send notifications"
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
```
After they tap the chip, you must ask for the `UPDATE` permission.
The following code shows you how to do this with the `askForUpdatePermission`
function of the Node.js client library.
Dialogflow Node.js
1. Open your agent in the Dialogflow console and select the intent you're configuring for updates.
2. Scroll down to **Response** and open the **Google Assistant** tab.
3. Click **Add message content** and select **Suggestion chips**.
4. Set the chip text to something that invites the user to opt-in. In the Actions on Google tips sample we set the chip to *Alert me of new tips*.
5. Add another Dialogflow intent, called for example *setup_push*, and set a corresponding action, for example *setup.push*. The user expression of this intent must match the text of the opt-in chip, in our example *Alert me of new tips*.
The following snippet shows how to request the permission using the Actions on Google client library for Node.js:
```
app.intent('Subscribe to Notifications', (conv) => {
conv.ask(new UpdatePermission({
intent: 'Notification',
}));
});
```
Actions SDK Node.js
You should configure your NLU solution to trigger a function that asks the
permission if the user expression matches the value of the push notifications
opt-in prompt. Here's a very basic example based on string matching:
```
conv.ask(new UpdatePermission({
intent: 'Notification',
}));
```
Dialogflow Java
1. Open your agent in the Dialogflow console and select the intent you're configuring for updates.
2. Scroll down to **Response** and open the **Google Assistant** tab.
3. Click **Add message content** and select **Suggestion chips**.
4. Set the chip text to something that invites the user to opt-in. In the Actions on Google tips sample we set the chip to *Alert me of new tips*.
5. Add another Dialogflow intent, called for example *setup_push*, and set a corresponding action, for example *setup.push*. The user expression of this intent must match the text of the opt-in chip, in our example *Alert me of new tips*.
The following snippet shows how to request the permission using the Actions on Google Java/Kotlin client library:
```
@ForIntent("Subscribe to Notifications")
public ActionResponse subscribeToNotifications(ActionRequest request) {
ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
responseBuilder.add(new UpdatePermission().setIntent("Notification"));
return responseBuilder.build();
}
```
Actions SDK Java
You should configure your NLU solution to trigger a function that asks the
permission if the user expression matches the value of the push notifications
opt-in prompt. Here's a very basic example based on string matching:
```
ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
responseBuilder.add(new UpdatePermission().setIntent("Notification"));
return responseBuilder.build();
```
Dialogflow JSON
Note that the JSON below describes a webhook response using Dialogflow.
```
{
"payload": {
"google": {
"expectUserResponse": true,
"systemIntent": {
"intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
"data": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.PermissionValueSpec",
"permissions": [
"UPDATE"
],
"updatePermissionValueSpec": {
"intent": "tell_latest_tip"
}
}
}
}
}
}
```
Actions SDK JSON
Note that the JSON below describes a webhook response using Actions SDK.
```
{
"expectUserResponse": true,
"expectedInputs": [
{
"possibleIntents": [
{
"intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
"inputValueData": {
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.PermissionValueSpec",
"permissions": [
"UPDATE"
],
"updatePermissionValueSpec": {
"intent": "tell_latest_tip"
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
```
> [!NOTE]
> **Note:** We recommend checking whether the user has already opted in before displaying the push notification. You can store this state in the [userStorage](https://developers.google.com/assistant/conversational/reference/rest/Shared.Types/AppResponse#Fields.user_storage) object in the webhook response.
### Finalize the subscription
To finalize the subscription from your Node.js webhook, you need to save the
user's notifications ID and the intent they selected. Both are passed as
arguments if the user grants the permission.
If your Action is built with Dialogflow, you need to:
- Add an intent that handles the `actions_intent_PERMISSION`.
- Specify the intent's **Action** name to something that your webhook can filter for later.
The following code shows how to handle a Dialogflow intent with an intent
named `finish_push_setup` with an Action name of `finish.push.setup`:
Dialogflow Node.js
```
app.intent('Confirm Notifications Subscription', (conv) => {
if (conv.arguments.get('PERMISSION')) {
const updatesUserId = conv.arguments.get('UPDATES_USER_ID');
// Store user ID in database for later use
conv.close(`Ok, I'll start alerting you.`);
} else {
conv.close(`Ok, I won't alert you.`);
}
});
```
Actions SDK Node.js
```
app.intent('actions.intent.PERMISSION', (conv) => {
if (conv.arguments.get('PERMISSION')) {
const updatesUserId = conv.arguments.get('UPDATES_USER_ID');
// Store user ID in database for later use
conv.close(`Ok, I'll start alerting you.`);
} else {
conv.close(`Ok, I won't alert you.`);
}
});
```
Dialogflow Java
```
@ForIntent("Confirm Notifications Subscription")
public ActionResponse confirmNotificationsSubscription(ActionRequest request) {
// Verify the user has subscribed for push notifications
ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
if (request.isPermissionGranted()) {
Argument userId = request.getArgument(ConstantsKt.ARG_UPDATES_USER_ID);
if (userId != null) {
// Store the user's ID in the database
}
responseBuilder.add("Ok, I'll start alerting you.");
} else {
responseBuilder.add("Ok, I won't alert you.");
}
responseBuilder.endConversation();
return responseBuilder.build();
}
```
Actions SDK Java
```
@ForIntent("actions.intent.PERMISSION")
public ActionResponse confirmNotificationsSubscription(ActionRequest request) {
// Verify the user has subscribed for push notifications
ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
if (request.isPermissionGranted()) {
Argument userId = request.getArgument(ConstantsKt.ARG_UPDATES_USER_ID);
if (userId != null) {
// Store the user's ID in the database
}
responseBuilder.add("Ok, I'll start alerting you.");
} else {
responseBuilder.add("Ok, I won't alert you.");
}
responseBuilder.endConversation();
return responseBuilder.build();
}
```
Dialogflow JSON
Note that the JSON below describes a request to the webhook.
```
{
"responseId": "ee9e7ed5-fa1a-48c6-aac7-f9fbe94f1f58-712767ed",
"queryResult": {
"queryText": "actions_intent_PERMISSION",
"action": "confirm.subscription",
"parameters": {},
"allRequiredParamsPresent": true,
"fulfillmentMessages": [
{
"text": {
"text": [
""
]
}
}
],
"outputContexts": [
{
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_screen_output"
},
{
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_account_linking"
},
{
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_media_response_audio"
},
{
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_audio_output"
},
{
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_web_browser"
},
{
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/google_assistant_input_type_keyboard"
},
{
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_intent_permission",
"parameters": {
"PERMISSION": true,
"text": "yes",
"UPDATES_USER_ID": "ABwppHHssyPbvEBF1mgN7Ddwb7mkhiVohW9PZ--I_svqy7zFElA4DHkf9pn04UBd5gwZo26_RfXCQ8otcztyIfe6MCQ"
}
}
],
"intent": {
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/intents/c7f7b30b-5b88-4bb5-b0b8-1cd0862d1dd2",
"displayName": "Confirm Notifications Subscription"
},
"intentDetectionConfidence": 1,
"languageCode": "en"
},
"originalDetectIntentRequest": {
"source": "google",
"version": "2",
"payload": {
"user": {
"permissions": [
"UPDATE"
],
"locale": "en-US",
"userVerificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
},
"conversation": {
"conversationId": "ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k",
"type": "ACTIVE",
"conversationToken": "[]"
},
"inputs": [
{
"intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
"rawInputs": [
{
"inputType": "KEYBOARD",
"query": "yes"
}
],
"arguments": [
{
"name": "PERMISSION",
"boolValue": true,
"textValue": "true"
},
{
"name": "text",
"rawText": "yes",
"textValue": "yes"
},
{
"name": "UPDATES_USER_ID",
"textValue": "ABwppHHssyPbvEBF1mgN7Ddwb7mkhiVohW9PZ--I_svqy7zFElA4DHkf9pn04UBd5gwZo26_RfXCQ8otcztyIfe6MCQ"
}
]
}
],
"surface": {
"capabilities": [
{
"name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.ACCOUNT_LINKING"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
}
]
},
"availableSurfaces": [
{
"capabilities": [
{
"name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
}
]
}
]
}
},
"session": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k"
}
```
Actions SDK JSON
Note that the JSON below describes a request to the webhook.
```
{
"user": {
"permissions": [
"UPDATE"
],
"locale": "en-US",
"userVerificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
},
"conversation": {
"conversationId": "ABwppHEP6OAFZHkSGEiZ5HYM9qrlk8YtIH1DQmJ52cxXELSPvM-kSc_tMJ_5O6ITbgVJlY9i2FIsKWjE_HXLke48",
"type": "NEW"
},
"inputs": [
{
"intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
"rawInputs": [
{
"inputType": "KEYBOARD",
"query": "yes"
}
],
"arguments": [
{
"name": "PERMISSION",
"boolValue": true,
"textValue": "true"
},
{
"name": "text",
"rawText": "yes",
"textValue": "yes"
},
{
"name": "UPDATES_USER_ID",
"textValue": "ABwppHFvBKC-tMYUsUjJkm3YECgZvd6A3sOc7KuQvO4ZdQX3bGLmyoQ41dh4Zmtlzv_kaOKBt1Sf6eRpNbayynrl"
}
]
}
],
"surface": {
"capabilities": [
{
"name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.ACCOUNT_LINKING"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
}
]
},
"availableSurfaces": [
{
"capabilities": [
{
"name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
},
{
"name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
}
]
}
]
}
```
## Send notifications
You can send push notifications to users using the Actions API. To use this API,
you need to activate the API in your Google Cloud project and setup and download a
JSON service account key. See step #8 in the [instructions in the code sample here](https://github.com/actions-on-google/dialogflow-updates-nodejs).
You can then use the Google OAuth2 client library to exchange the service account key
for an access token and use the token to authenticate your requests to the Actions API.
### Get a service account key
1. Go to this URL, replacing "example-project-1" at the end with your project ID in the Actions console: https://console.developers.google.com/apis/api/actions.googleapis.com/overview?project=example-project-1
2. If you see an **Enable** button, click it. Otherwise, proceed to step 3.
3. Go to this URL, replacing "example-project-1" at the end with your project ID in the Actions console: https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=example-project-1
4. Click **Create credentials \> Service Account Key**.
5. Click the *Select* box under **Service Account** and click **New Service
Account**.
6. Give the Service Account a name like "notifications" and the **Role** of *Project Owner*.
7. Select the JSON key type and click **Create**. A JSON service account key is downloaded to your local machine.
### Exchange the key for an access token and send a notification
To send a notification through the Actions API, you need to exchange
the service account key for an access token. We recommend using a Google API client
library for this. In the series of code snippets that follow, we are using the
Google API Node.js client library.
1. Install the Google API client library and request: `npm install googleapis request --save`
2. Use the following code to get an access token from the service account key and send a push notification:
Dialogflow Node.js
```
const {google} = require('googleapis');
const request = require('request');
const jwtClient = new google.auth.JWT(
serviceAccount.client_email, null, serviceAccount.private_key,
['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation'],
null
);
jwtClient.authorize((err, tokens) => {
if (!err) {
request.post('https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send', {
auth: {
bearer: tokens.access_token,
},
json: true,
body: {
customPushMessage: {
userNotification: {
title: 'Push Notification Title',
},
target: {
userId: '',
intent: 'Notification Intent',
},
},
isInSandbox: true,
},
}, (err, httpResponse, body) => {
console.log(`${httpResponse.statusCode}: ${httpResponse.statusMessage}`);
});
}
});
```
Actions SDK Node.js
```
const {google} = require('googleapis');
const request = require('request');
const jwtClient = new google.auth.JWT(
serviceAccount.client_email, null, serviceAccount.private_key,
['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation'],
null
);
jwtClient.authorize((err, tokens) => {
if (!err) {
request.post('https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send', {
auth: {
bearer: tokens.access_token,
},
json: true,
body: {
customPushMessage: {
userNotification: {
title: 'Push Notification Title',
},
target: {
userId: '',
intent: 'Notification Intent',
},
},
isInSandbox: true,
},
}, (err, httpResponse, body) => {
console.log(`${httpResponse.statusCode}: ${httpResponse.statusMessage}`);
});
}
});
```
Dialogflow Java
```
final class Notification {
private final String title;
Notification(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
String getTitle() {
return title;
}
}
final class Target {
private final String userId;
private final String intent;
private final String locale;
Target(String userId, String intent, String locale) {
this.userId = userId;
this.intent = intent;
this.locale = locale;
}
String getUserId() {
return userId;
}
String getIntent() {
return intent;
}
String getLocale() {
return locale;
}
}
final class PushMessage {
private final Notification userNotification;
private final Target target;
PushMessage(Notification userNotification, Target target) {
this.userNotification = userNotification;
this.target = target;
}
Notification getUserNotification() {
return userNotification;
}
Target getTarget() {
return target;
}
}
final class PushNotification {
private final PushMessage customPushMessage;
private boolean isInSandbox;
PushNotification(PushMessage customPushMessage, boolean isInSandbox) {
this.customPushMessage = customPushMessage;
this.isInSandbox = isInSandbox;
}
PushMessage getCustomPushMessage() {
return customPushMessage;
}
boolean getIsInSandbox() {
return isInSandbox;
}
}
private PushNotification createNotification(String title, String userId, String intent, String locale) {
Notification notification = new Notification(title);
Target target = new Target(userId, intent, locale);
PushMessage message = new PushMessage(notification, target);
boolean isInSandbox = true;
return new PushNotification(message, isInSandbox);
}
private ServiceAccountCredentials loadCredentials() throws IOException {
String actionsApiServiceAccountFile =
this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("service-account.json").getFile();
InputStream actionsApiServiceAccount = new FileInputStream(actionsApiServiceAccountFile);
ServiceAccountCredentials serviceAccountCredentials =
ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(actionsApiServiceAccount);
return (ServiceAccountCredentials)
serviceAccountCredentials.createScoped(
Collections.singleton(
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation"));
}
private String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
AccessToken token = loadCredentials().refreshAccessToken();
return token.getTokenValue();
}
public void sendNotification(String title, String userId, String intent, String locale) throws IOException {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(title, "title cannot be null.");
Preconditions.checkNotNull(userId, "userId cannot be null.");
Preconditions.checkNotNull(intent, "intent cannot be null.");
Preconditions.checkNotNull(locale, "locale cannot be null");
PushNotification notification = createNotification(title, userId, intent, locale);
HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send");
String token = getAccessToken();
request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
request.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(new Gson().toJson(notification));
entity.setContentType(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());
request.setEntity(entity);
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
httpClient.execute(request);
}
```
Actions SDK Java
```
final class Notification {
private final String title;
Notification(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
String getTitle() {
return title;
}
}
final class Target {
private final String userId;
private final String intent;
Target(String userId, String intent) {
this.userId = userId;
this.intent = intent;
}
String getUserId() {
return userId;
}
String getIntent() {
return intent;
}
}
final class PushMessage {
private final Notification userNotification;
private final Target target;
PushMessage(Notification userNotification, Target target) {
this.userNotification = userNotification;
this.target = target;
}
Notification getUserNotification() {
return userNotification;
}
Target getTarget() {
return target;
}
}
final class PushNotification {
private final PushMessage customPushMessage;
private boolean isInSandbox;
PushNotification(PushMessage customPushMessage, boolean isInSandbox) {
this.customPushMessage = customPushMessage;
this.isInSandbox = isInSandbox;
}
PushMessage getCustomPushMessage() {
return customPushMessage;
}
boolean getIsInSandbox() {
return isInSandbox;
}
}
private PushNotification createNotification(String title, String userId, String intent) {
Notification notification = new Notification(title);
Target target = new Target(userId, intent);
PushMessage message = new PushMessage(notification, target);
boolean isInSandbox = true;
return new PushNotification(message, isInSandbox);
}
private ServiceAccountCredentials loadCredentials() throws IOException {
String actionsApiServiceAccountFile =
this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("service-account.json").getFile();
InputStream actionsApiServiceAccount = new FileInputStream(actionsApiServiceAccountFile);
ServiceAccountCredentials serviceAccountCredentials =
ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(actionsApiServiceAccount);
return (ServiceAccountCredentials)
serviceAccountCredentials.createScoped(
Collections.singleton(
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation"));
}
private String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
AccessToken token = loadCredentials().refreshAccessToken();
return token.getTokenValue();
}
public void sendNotification(String title, String userId, String intent) throws IOException {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(title, "title cannot be null.");
Preconditions.checkNotNull(userId, "userId cannot be null.");
Preconditions.checkNotNull(intent, "intent cannot be null.");
PushNotification notification = createNotification(title, userId, intent);
HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send");
String token = getAccessToken();
request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
request.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(new Gson().toJson(notification));
entity.setContentType(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());
request.setEntity(entity);
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
httpClient.execute(request);
}
```