推送通知 (Dialogflow)

在 Dialogflow 中探索

点击继续，将我们的通知示例导入 Dialogflow。然后，按照 部署和测试示例的步骤如下：

  1. 输入代理名称并为示例创建新的 Dialogflow 代理。
  2. 代理导入完成后，点击转到代理 (Go to agent)。
  3. 在主导航菜单中，前往 Fulfillment。
  4. 启用内嵌编辑器，然后点击部署。编辑器包含示例 代码。
  5. 在主导航菜单中，前往 Integrations（集成），然后点击 Google Google 助理。
  6. 在显示的模态窗口中，启用 Auto-preview changes（自动预览更改），然后点击 Test（测试） 打开 Actions 模拟器。
  7. 在模拟器中，输入 Talk to my test app 以测试该示例！
<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder"></ph> 继续

你的 Action 可以适时向用户推送通知，例如发送 在任务的截止日期临近时发送提醒。

在本指南中，我们将使用 Actions on Google 提示示例 作为参考，向您展示如何为 Action 设置推送通知。 当用户调用此 Action 时，它会询问他们是否要听到提示 如何开发自己的 Action。用户可以 为小费选择一个具体类别或随机选择类别，也可以 选择收听最新提示。

支持的表面

推送通知适用于 Android 和 iOS 设备（iOS 设备必须 已安装 Google 助理应用以接收推送通知）。它们不是 目前支持声控音箱、智能显示屏或其他平台。

前提条件

您的 Actions 项目中必须至少有一个操作配置为 触发 intent，当用户点按从 Google 助理。

您无法将 Action 配置为从推送通知触发默认欢迎 intent。

控制台设置

如需向 Action 添加对推送通知的支持，请执行以下操作：

  1. 前往 Actions 控制台并浏览 到构建 >操作。

  2. 点击与您要匹配的其他触发 intent 匹配的操作 启用推送通知。

    对于 Actions on Google 提示示例，您需要选择“tell_latest_tip”。

  3. 向下滚动到用户互动部分，然后开启 你想发送推送通知吗。

  4. 输入内容标题。

    对于 Actions on Google 提示示例，标题可能是“添加了新提示”。

  5. 点击保存。

导入

在后面的部分中，您需要在执行方式代码中 需要声明以下导入：

<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph>
Dialogflow
const {
  dialogflow,
  UpdatePermission,
  Suggestions,
} = require('actions-on-google');
index.js
Actions SDK
const {
  actionssdk,
  UpdatePermission,
  Suggestions,
} = require('actions-on-google');
index.js

选择订阅的用户

您必须先请求用户选择接收，然后才能向用户发送推送通知。 为此，您可以向他们显示建议内容信息卡，请求他们授予权限。 他们授予权限后，您会收到要发送的更新用户 ID 向该用户发送推送通知

显示选择启用的建议内容信息卡

您必须向用户显示 邀请用户选择接收推送通知的建议内容信息卡。

以下代码段向用户发送“有新提示的提醒我”建议 条状标签。

<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph>
Dialogflow Node.js
conv.ask('I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?');
conv.ask(new Suggestions('Send notifications'));
index.js
Actions SDK Node.js
conv.ask(' I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?');
conv.ask(new Suggestions('Send notifications'));
index.js
Dialogflow Java
responseBuilder
    .add("I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?")
    .addSuggestions(new String[] {
        "Send notifications"
    });
MyActionsApp.java
Actions SDK Java
responseBuilder
    .add("I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?")
    .addSuggestions(new String[] {
        "Send notifications"
    });
MyActionsApp.java
Dialogflow JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述的是 webhook 响应。

{
  "payload": {
    "google": {
      "expectUserResponse": true,
      "richResponse": {
        "items": [
          {
            "simpleResponse": {
              "textToSpeech": "Hi! Welcome to Push Notifications!"
            }
          },
          {
            "simpleResponse": {
              "textToSpeech": "I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?"
            }
          }
        ],
        "suggestions": [
          {
            "title": "Send notifications"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
Actions SDK JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述的是 webhook 响应。

{
  "expectUserResponse": true,
  "expectedInputs": [
    {
      "possibleIntents": [
        {
          "intent": "actions.intent.TEXT"
        }
      ],
      "inputPrompt": {
        "richInitialPrompt": {
          "items": [
            {
              "simpleResponse": {
                "textToSpeech": "Hi! Welcome to Push Notifications!"
              }
            },
            {
              "simpleResponse": {
                "textToSpeech": " I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?"
              }
            }
          ],
          "suggestions": [
            {
              "title": "Send notifications"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

孩子点按条状标签后，你必须请求UPDATE权限。 以下代码展示了如何使用 askForUpdatePermission 执行此操作。 函数。

<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph>
Dialogflow Node.js
  1. 在 Dialogflow 控制台中打开您的代理，然后选择要配置为进行更新的意图。
  2. 向下滚动到响应 (Response) 并打开 Google 助理标签页。
  3. 点击添加邮件内容，然后选择建议内容信息条。
  4. 将条状标签文本设置为邀请用户选择的内容。在 Actions on Google 提示示例，我们将条状标签设置为有新提示时提醒我。
  5. 添加另一个 Dialogflow intent，例如 setup_push，并 设置相应的操作，例如 setup.push。 此 intent 的用户表述必须与“选择启用”条状标签的文本匹配， 有新提示时请提醒我。
。 以下代码段展示了如何使用 Action 请求权限 适用于 Node.js 版 Google 客户端库： 
app.intent('Subscribe to Notifications', (conv) => {
  conv.ask(new UpdatePermission({
    intent: 'Notification',
  }));
});
index.js
Actions SDK Node.js

您应该将 NLU 解决方案配置为触发一个函数，要求 权限（如果用户表述与推送通知的值匹配） 选择启用提示。下面是一个基于字符串匹配的最基本示例：

conv.ask(new UpdatePermission({
  intent: 'Notification',
}));
index.js
Dialogflow Java
  1. 在 Dialogflow 控制台中打开您的代理，然后选择要配置为进行更新的意图。
  2. 向下滚动到响应 (Response) 并打开 Google 助理标签页。
  3. 点击添加邮件内容，然后选择建议内容信息条。
  4. 将条状标签文本设置为邀请用户选择的内容。在 Actions on Google 提示示例，我们将条状标签设置为有新提示时提醒我。
  5. 添加另一个 Dialogflow intent，例如 setup_push，并 设置相应的操作，例如 setup.push。 此 intent 的用户表述必须与“选择启用”条状标签的文本匹配， 有新提示时请提醒我。
。 以下代码段展示了如何使用 Action 请求权限 ： 
@ForIntent("Subscribe to Notifications")
public ActionResponse subscribeToNotifications(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  responseBuilder.add(new UpdatePermission().setIntent("Notification"));
  return responseBuilder.build();
}
MyActionsApp.java
Actions SDK Java

您应该将 NLU 解决方案配置为触发一个函数，要求 权限（如果用户表述与推送通知的值匹配） 选择启用提示。下面是一个基于字符串匹配的最基本示例：

ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
responseBuilder.add(new UpdatePermission().setIntent("Notification"));
return responseBuilder.build();
MyActionsApp.java
Dialogflow JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述了使用 Dialogflow 的 webhook 响应。

{
  "payload": {
    "google": {
      "expectUserResponse": true,
      "systemIntent": {
        "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
        "data": {
          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.PermissionValueSpec",
          "permissions": [
            "UPDATE"
          ],
          "updatePermissionValueSpec": {
            "intent": "tell_latest_tip"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Actions SDK JSON

请注意，以下 JSON 描述了使用 Actions SDK 的网络钩子响应。

{
  "expectUserResponse": true,
  "expectedInputs": [
    {
      "possibleIntents": [
        {
          "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
          "inputValueData": {
            "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.PermissionValueSpec",
            "permissions": [
              "UPDATE"
            ],
            "updatePermissionValueSpec": {
              "intent": "tell_latest_tip"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

完成订阅

要从 Node.js webhook 完成订阅，您需要保存 用户的通知 ID 以及他们选择的 intent。两者均作为 参数。

如果您的 Action 是使用 Dialogflow 构建的，您需要执行以下操作：

  • 添加用于处理 actions_intent_PERMISSION 的 intent。
  • 将 intent 的 Action 名称指定为网络钩子可以执行的名称 以供日后查看

以下代码显示了如何使用 intent 处理 Dialogflow intent 名称为 finish_push_setup，操作名称为 finish.push.setup：

<ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph>
Dialogflow Node.js
app.intent('Confirm Notifications Subscription', (conv) => {
  if (conv.arguments.get('PERMISSION')) {
    const updatesUserId = conv.arguments.get('UPDATES_USER_ID');
    // Store user ID in database for later use
    conv.close(`Ok, I'll start alerting you.`);
  } else {
    conv.close(`Ok, I won't alert you.`);
  }
});
index.js
Actions SDK Node.js
app.intent('actions.intent.PERMISSION', (conv) => {
  if (conv.arguments.get('PERMISSION')) {
    const updatesUserId = conv.arguments.get('UPDATES_USER_ID');
    // Store user ID in database for later use
    conv.close(`Ok, I'll start alerting you.`);
  } else {
    conv.close(`Ok, I won't alert you.`);
  }
});
index.js
Dialogflow Java
@ForIntent("Confirm Notifications Subscription")
public ActionResponse confirmNotificationsSubscription(ActionRequest request) {
  // Verify the user has subscribed for push notifications
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.isPermissionGranted()) {
    Argument userId = request.getArgument(ConstantsKt.ARG_UPDATES_USER_ID);
    if (userId != null) {
      // Store the user's ID in the database
    }
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I'll start alerting you.");
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I won't alert you.");
  }
  responseBuilder.endConversation();
  return responseBuilder.build();
}
MyActionsApp.java
Actions SDK Java
@ForIntent("actions.intent.PERMISSION")
public ActionResponse confirmNotificationsSubscription(ActionRequest request) {
  // Verify the user has subscribed for push notifications
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.isPermissionGranted()) {
    Argument userId = request.getArgument(ConstantsKt.ARG_UPDATES_USER_ID);
    if (userId != null) {
      // Store the user's ID in the database
    }
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I'll start alerting you.");
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I won't alert you.");
  }
  responseBuilder.endConversation();
  return responseBuilder.build();
}
MyActionsApp.java
Dialogflow JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述了对 webhook 的请求。

{
  "responseId": "ee9e7ed5-fa1a-48c6-aac7-f9fbe94f1f58-712767ed",
  "queryResult": {
    "queryText": "actions_intent_PERMISSION",
    "action": "confirm.subscription",
    "parameters": {},
    "allRequiredParamsPresent": true,
    "fulfillmentMessages": [
      {
        "text": {
          "text": [
            ""
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "outputContexts": [
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_screen_output"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_account_linking"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_media_response_audio"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_audio_output"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_web_browser"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/google_assistant_input_type_keyboard"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_intent_permission",
        "parameters": {
          "PERMISSION": true,
          "text": "yes",
          "UPDATES_USER_ID": "ABwppHHssyPbvEBF1mgN7Ddwb7mkhiVohW9PZ--I_svqy7zFElA4DHkf9pn04UBd5gwZo26_RfXCQ8otcztyIfe6MCQ"
        }
      }
    ],
    "intent": {
      "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/intents/c7f7b30b-5b88-4bb5-b0b8-1cd0862d1dd2",
      "displayName": "Confirm Notifications Subscription"
    },
    "intentDetectionConfidence": 1,
    "languageCode": "en"
  },
  "originalDetectIntentRequest": {
    "source": "google",
    "version": "2",
    "payload": {
      "user": {
        "permissions": [
          "UPDATE"
        ],
        "locale": "en-US",
        "userVerificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
      },
      "conversation": {
        "conversationId": "ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k",
        "type": "ACTIVE",
        "conversationToken": "[]"
      },
      "inputs": [
        {
          "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
          "rawInputs": [
            {
              "inputType": "KEYBOARD",
              "query": "yes"
            }
          ],
          "arguments": [
            {
              "name": "PERMISSION",
              "boolValue": true,
              "textValue": "true"
            },
            {
              "name": "text",
              "rawText": "yes",
              "textValue": "yes"
            },
            {
              "name": "UPDATES_USER_ID",
              "textValue": "ABwppHHssyPbvEBF1mgN7Ddwb7mkhiVohW9PZ--I_svqy7zFElA4DHkf9pn04UBd5gwZo26_RfXCQ8otcztyIfe6MCQ"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "surface": {
        "capabilities": [
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.ACCOUNT_LINKING"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
          }
        ]
      },
      "availableSurfaces": [
        {
          "capabilities": [
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
            },
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
            },
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "session": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k"
}
Actions SDK JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述了对 webhook 的请求。

{
  "user": {
    "permissions": [
      "UPDATE"
    ],
    "locale": "en-US",
    "userVerificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
  },
  "conversation": {
    "conversationId": "ABwppHEP6OAFZHkSGEiZ5HYM9qrlk8YtIH1DQmJ52cxXELSPvM-kSc_tMJ_5O6ITbgVJlY9i2FIsKWjE_HXLke48",
    "type": "NEW"
  },
  "inputs": [
    {
      "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
      "rawInputs": [
        {
          "inputType": "KEYBOARD",
          "query": "yes"
        }
      ],
      "arguments": [
        {
          "name": "PERMISSION",
          "boolValue": true,
          "textValue": "true"
        },
        {
          "name": "text",
          "rawText": "yes",
          "textValue": "yes"
        },
        {
          "name": "UPDATES_USER_ID",
          "textValue": "ABwppHFvBKC-tMYUsUjJkm3YECgZvd6A3sOc7KuQvO4ZdQX3bGLmyoQ41dh4Zmtlzv_kaOKBt1Sf6eRpNbayynrl"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "surface": {
    "capabilities": [
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.ACCOUNT_LINKING"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
      }
    ]
  },
  "availableSurfaces": [
    {
      "capabilities": [
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
        },
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
        },
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

发送通知

您可以使用 Actions API 向用户发送推送通知。要使用此 API， 您需要在 Google Cloud 项目中激活该 API，然后设置和下载 JSON 服务账号密钥。请参阅此处代码示例说明中的第 8 步。

然后，您可以使用 Google OAuth2 客户端库交换服务账号密钥 获取访问令牌，然后使用该令牌对向 Actions API 发出的请求进行身份验证。

获取服务账号密钥

  1. 转到此网址（将“example-project-1”）并在末尾添加您的项目 ID 在 Actions 控制台中执行以下操作： https://console.developers.google.com/apis/api/actions.googleapis.com/overview?project=example-project-1
  2. 如果您看到启用按钮，请点击该按钮。否则，请继续执行第 3 步。
  3. 转到此网址（将“example-project-1”）并在末尾添加您的项目 ID 在 Actions 控制台中执行以下操作： https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=example-project-1
  4. 点击创建凭据 >服务账号密钥。
  5. 点击服务账号下的选择框，然后点击新服务 账号。
  6. 为服务账号命名（例如“通知”）以及以下角色的 Role： Project Owner。
  7. 选择 JSON 密钥类型，然后点击创建。JSON 服务账号密钥是 下载到本地计算机

用密钥交换访问令牌并发送通知

要通过 Actions API 发送通知，您需要 访问令牌的服务账号密钥。我们建议使用 Google API 客户端 库。在随后的一系列代码段中，我们将使用 Google API Node.js 客户端库。

  1. 安装 Google API 客户端库并请求： npm install googleapis request --save
  2. 使用以下代码从服务账号密钥获取访问令牌 并发送推送通知：
。 <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
</ph>
Dialogflow Node.js
const {google} = require('googleapis');
const request = require('request');

const jwtClient = new google.auth.JWT(
  serviceAccount.client_email, null, serviceAccount.private_key,
  ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation'],
  null
);

jwtClient.authorize((err, tokens) => {
  if (!err) {
    request.post('https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send', {
      auth: {
        bearer: tokens.access_token,
      },
      json: true,
      body: {
        customPushMessage: {
          userNotification: {
            title: 'Push Notification Title',
          },
          target: {
            userId: '<UPDATES_USER_ID>',
            intent: 'Notification Intent',
          },
        },
        isInSandbox: true,
      },
    }, (err, httpResponse, body) => {
      console.log(`${httpResponse.statusCode}: ${httpResponse.statusMessage}`);
    });
  }
});
index.js
Actions SDK Node.js
const {google} = require('googleapis');
const request = require('request');

const jwtClient = new google.auth.JWT(
  serviceAccount.client_email, null, serviceAccount.private_key,
  ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation'],
  null
);

jwtClient.authorize((err, tokens) => {
  if (!err) {
    request.post('https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send', {
      auth: {
        bearer: tokens.access_token,
      },
      json: true,
      body: {
        customPushMessage: {
          userNotification: {
            title: 'Push Notification Title',
          },
          target: {
            userId: '<UPDATES_ORDER_ID>',
            intent: 'Notification Intent',
          },
        },
        isInSandbox: true,
      },
    }, (err, httpResponse, body) => {
      console.log(`${httpResponse.statusCode}: ${httpResponse.statusMessage}`);
    });
  }
});
index.js
Dialogflow Java
final class Notification {

  private final String title;

  Notification(String title) {
    this.title = title;
  }

  String getTitle() {
    return title;
  }
}

final class Target {

  private final String userId;
  private final String intent;
  private final String locale;

  Target(String userId, String intent, String locale) {
    this.userId = userId;
    this.intent = intent;
    this.locale = locale;
  }

  String getUserId() {
    return userId;
  }

  String getIntent() {
    return intent;
  }

  String getLocale() {
    return locale;
  }
}

final class PushMessage {

  private final Notification userNotification;
  private final Target target;

  PushMessage(Notification userNotification, Target target) {
    this.userNotification = userNotification;
    this.target = target;
  }

  Notification getUserNotification() {
    return userNotification;
  }

  Target getTarget() {
    return target;
  }
}

final class PushNotification {

  private final PushMessage customPushMessage;
  private boolean isInSandbox;

  PushNotification(PushMessage customPushMessage, boolean isInSandbox) {
    this.customPushMessage = customPushMessage;
    this.isInSandbox = isInSandbox;
  }

  PushMessage getCustomPushMessage() {
    return customPushMessage;
  }

  boolean getIsInSandbox() {
    return isInSandbox;
  }
}

private PushNotification createNotification(String title, String userId, String intent, String locale) {
  Notification notification = new Notification(title);
  Target target = new Target(userId, intent, locale);
  PushMessage message = new PushMessage(notification, target);
  boolean isInSandbox = true;
  return new PushNotification(message, isInSandbox);
}

private ServiceAccountCredentials loadCredentials() throws IOException {
  String actionsApiServiceAccountFile =
      this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("service-account.json").getFile();
  InputStream actionsApiServiceAccount = new FileInputStream(actionsApiServiceAccountFile);
  ServiceAccountCredentials serviceAccountCredentials =
      ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(actionsApiServiceAccount);
  return (ServiceAccountCredentials)
      serviceAccountCredentials.createScoped(
          Collections.singleton(
              "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation"));
}

private String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
  AccessToken token = loadCredentials().refreshAccessToken();
  return token.getTokenValue();
}

public void sendNotification(String title, String userId, String intent, String locale) throws IOException {
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(title, "title cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(userId, "userId cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(intent, "intent cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(locale, "locale cannot be null");
  PushNotification notification = createNotification(title, userId, intent, locale);

  HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send");

  String token = getAccessToken();

  request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
  request.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);

  StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(new Gson().toJson(notification));
  entity.setContentType(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());
  request.setEntity(entity);
  HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
  httpClient.execute(request);
}
NotificationSender.java
Actions SDK Java
final class Notification {

  private final String title;

  Notification(String title) {
    this.title = title;
  }

  String getTitle() {
    return title;
  }
}

final class Target {

  private final String userId;
  private final String intent;

  Target(String userId, String intent) {
    this.userId = userId;
    this.intent = intent;
  }

  String getUserId() {
    return userId;
  }

  String getIntent() {
    return intent;
  }
}

final class PushMessage {

  private final Notification userNotification;
  private final Target target;

  PushMessage(Notification userNotification, Target target) {
    this.userNotification = userNotification;
    this.target = target;
  }

  Notification getUserNotification() {
    return userNotification;
  }

  Target getTarget() {
    return target;
  }
}

final class PushNotification {

  private final PushMessage customPushMessage;
  private boolean isInSandbox;

  PushNotification(PushMessage customPushMessage, boolean isInSandbox) {
    this.customPushMessage = customPushMessage;
    this.isInSandbox = isInSandbox;
  }

  PushMessage getCustomPushMessage() {
    return customPushMessage;
  }

  boolean getIsInSandbox() {
    return isInSandbox;
  }
}

private PushNotification createNotification(String title, String userId, String intent) {
  Notification notification = new Notification(title);
  Target target = new Target(userId, intent);
  PushMessage message = new PushMessage(notification, target);
  boolean isInSandbox = true;
  return new PushNotification(message, isInSandbox);
}

private ServiceAccountCredentials loadCredentials() throws IOException {
  String actionsApiServiceAccountFile =
      this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("service-account.json").getFile();
  InputStream actionsApiServiceAccount = new FileInputStream(actionsApiServiceAccountFile);
  ServiceAccountCredentials serviceAccountCredentials =
      ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(actionsApiServiceAccount);
  return (ServiceAccountCredentials)
      serviceAccountCredentials.createScoped(
          Collections.singleton(
              "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation"));
}

private String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
  AccessToken token = loadCredentials().refreshAccessToken();
  return token.getTokenValue();
}

public void sendNotification(String title, String userId, String intent) throws IOException {
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(title, "title cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(userId, "userId cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(intent, "intent cannot be null.");
  PushNotification notification = createNotification(title, userId, intent);

  HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send");

  String token = getAccessToken();

  request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
  request.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);

  StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(new Gson().toJson(notification));
  entity.setContentType(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());
  request.setEntity(entity);
  HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
  httpClient.execute(request);
}
NotificationSender.java