# Developer's Guide: Protocol **Important** : We will discontinue support for the v2.0 Google Data API on September 30th, 2024. To ensure continued functionality, update your applications that rely on the v2.0 Google Data API to the latest API version. For the latest version, use the links in the left-side navbar. Note: while some GET requests (such as listing posts) will continue to be supported as feed URLs, there are minor differences in their behavior. For detailed information, refer to the [Blogger Help](https://support.google.com/blogger/answer/14877110) documentation. The Blogger Data API allows client applications to view and update Blogger content in the form of Google Data API feeds. Your client application can use the Blogger Data API to create new blog posts, edit or delete existing blog posts, and query for blog posts that match particular criteria. In addition to providing some background on the capabilities of the Blogger Data API, this document provides examples of basic Data API interactions using raw XML and HTTPS. After reading this document, you may want to learn more about interacting with the API using our [client libraries](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/client-libraries) by reading the programming-language-specific sections of this developer's guide. ## Contents 1. [Audience](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#Audience) 2. [Getting started](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#GettingStarted) 1. [Creating a Blogger account](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#CreatingAccount) 3. [Authorizing requests](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#Authorizing) 4. [Specifying a version](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#Versioning) 5. [Retrieving a list of blogs](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#RetrievingMetafeed) 6. [Creating posts](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#CreatingEntries) 1. [Publishing a blog post](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#CreatingPublicEntries) 2. [Creating a draft blog post](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#CreatingDraftEntries) 7. [Retrieving posts](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#RetrievingEntries) 1. [Retrieving all blog posts](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#RetrievingWithoutQuery) 2. [Retrieving a blog post again](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#RetrievingCached) 3. [Retrieving posts using query parameters](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#RetrievingWithQuery) 8. [Updating posts](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#UpdatingEntries) 9. [Deleting posts](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#DeletingEntries) 10. [Comments](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#Comments) 1. [Creating comments](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#CreatingComments) 2. [Retrieving comments](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#RetrievingComments) 3. [Deleting comments](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#DeletingComments) 11. [Export format](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#ExportFormat) ## Audience This document is intended for programmers who want to write client applications that can interact with Blogger using XML and HTTPS. This document assumes that you understand the general ideas behind the [Google Data APIs protocol](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/basics). If you're using a UNIX system and you want to try the examples in this document without writing any code, you may find the UNIX command-line utilities `curl` or `wget` useful; for more information, see the manual pages for those utilities. For Blogger Data API reference information, see the [Protocol reference guide](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/reference). ## Getting started ### Creating a Blogger account You may want to [sign up for a Blogger account](https://www.blogger.com/signup.g) for testing purposes. Blogger uses [Google Accounts](https://www.google.com/accounts/Login), so if you already have a Google account, you're all set. ## Authorizing requests When your application requests non-public user data, it must include an authorization token. The token also identifies your application to Google. ### About authorization protocols We recommend using [OAuth 2.0](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth2) to authorize requests. The Blogger GData API also supports older authorization options, such as [OAuth 1.0](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth), [AuthSub](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/AuthSub), or [ClientLogin](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/AuthForInstalledApps); however, in most cases we don't recommend using those other options. If your application already uses those options, we recommend migrating to OAuth 2.0 if possible. If your application has certain unusual authorization requirements, such as logging in at the same time as requesting data access ([hybrid](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OpenID#oauth)) or domain-wide delegation of authority ([2LO](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth#GoogleAppsOAuth)), then you cannot currently use OAuth 2.0 tokens. In such cases, you must instead use OAuth 1.0 tokens. ### Authorizing requests with OAuth 2.0 Requests to the Blogger GData API for non-public user data must be authorized by an authenticated user. The details of the authorization process, or "flow," for OAuth 2.0 vary somewhat depending on what kind of application you're writing. The following general process applies to all application types: 1. When you create your application, you [register it with Google](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth2#basicsteps). Google then provides information you'll need later, such as a client ID and a client secret. 2. When your application needs access to user data, it asks Google for a particular **scope** of access. 3. Google displays an **OAuth dialog** to the user, asking them to authorize your application to request some of their data. 4. If the user approves, then Google gives your application a short-lived **access token**. 5. Your application requests user data, attaching the access token to the request. 6. If Google determines that your request and the token are valid, it returns the requested data. Some flows include additional steps, such as using **refresh tokens** to acquire new access tokens. For detailed information about flows for various types of applications, see Google's [OAuth 2.0 documentation](https://developers.google.com/accounts/docs/OAuth2). Here's the OAuth 2.0 scope information for the Blogger GData API: ``` https://www.blogger.com/feeds/ ``` To request access using OAuth 2.0, your application needs the scope information, as well as information that Google supplies during application registration (such as the client ID and/or the client secret). **Tip:** The Google APIs client libraries can handle some of the authorization process for you. They are available for a variety of programming languages; check the [Libraries and Samples page](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/client-libraries) for more details. ## Specifying a version Every request that you send using the Blogger Data API should specify version 2 of the API. To specify a version number, use the `GData-Version` HTTP header: ``` GData-Version: 2 ``` Alternatively, if you can't set HTTP headers, you can specify `v=2` as a query parameter in the URL. But the HTTP header is preferred where possible. **Note** : The client libraries supply appropriate version headers automatically, so don't use the `v=2` query parameter when you're using a client library. ## Retrieving a list of blogs The Blogger Data API provides a feed that lists the blogs for a particular user; that feed is known as a "metafeed." Send an HTTP `GET` to the following URL to retrieve the list of blogs: ``` https://www.blogger.com/feeds/profileID/blogs ``` Where the profile ID is the number in the URL for the user's profile page. **Note** : You can also substitute `default` for the user ID, which tells Blogger to return the list of blogs for the user whose credentials accompany the request. An entry in the metafeed might look like this: ``` tag:blogger.com,1999:user-userNumber.blog-blogID 2006-08-02T18:44:43.089-07:00 2008-04-17T00:03:33.152-07:00 Lizzy's Diary Being the journal of Elizabeth Bennet ... Elizabeth Bennet http://www.blogger.com/profile/profileID noreply@blogger.com ``` For information about what each of those elements means, see the [Google Data APIs Protocol Reference](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/reference#DocumentFormat) document or the [Atom 1.0 specification](http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php). If your request fails for some reason, Blogger may return a different status code. More information about HTTP status codes is also available in the [Google Data APIs Protocol Reference](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/reference) document. ## Creating posts The Blogger Data API allows you to create and publish new blog entries, as well as creating drafts of entries. ### Publishing a blog post After authenticating, you can publish new blog entries. First, create an XML representation of the post to publish. This XML needs to be in the form of an Atom `` element, which might look like this: ``` Marriage!

Mr. Darcy has proposed marriage to me!

He is the last man on earth I would ever desire to marry.

Whatever shall I do?

 ``` **Note**: Setting a custom author for posts is currently not supported. All new posts will appear as if they were created by the currently authenticated user. To publish this entry, send it to the blog's post URL as follows. First, place your Atom `` element in the body of a new `POST` request, using the `application/atom+xml` content type. Then find the blog's post URL in the metafeed by locating the `` element where the `rel` attribute ends with `#post`. The blog's post URL is given as the `href` attribute of this element, which is in this format: ``` https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/posts/default ``` **Note** : This URL is the same as the URL in the `` tag that appears in the `` section of the human-readable version of the blog. Blogger creates a blog post using the entry you sent, then returns an HTTP `201 CREATED` status code, along with a copy of the new post in the form of an `` element. The entry returned is the same one you sent, but it also contains various elements added by Blogger, such as an `` element. If your request fails for some reason, Blogger may return a different status code. For information about the status codes, see the [Google Data API protocol reference document](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/reference). ### Creating a draft blog post Draft posts are created in the same way as public posts, but with an `` element added to the entry indicating that the post shouldn't (yet) be published. This `` element should contain a single `` element as a child: ``` yes ``` The data contained in the `` element must be the string yes in order for the post to be recognized as a draft. You can turn an existing draft blog post into a published post by retrieving the draft post, setting the `` element's data to the string no, and then updating the post. Retrieving and updating posts is covered in the next two sections. **Note** : For more information on the Atom Publishing Protocol, including the `` and `` namespaces, see [RFC 5023](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5023). ## Retrieving posts The following sections describe how to retrieve a list of blog posts, with and without query parameters. You can query a Blogger public feed without authentication. Therefore, you don't need to set the Authorization parameter when you retrieve blog posts from a public blog. ### Retrieving all blog posts To retrieve the user's posts, send an HTTP `GET` request to the blog's feed URL. Blogger then returns a feed containing the appropriate blog entries. For example, to get a list of blog posts for liz@gmail.com, send the following HTTP request to Blogger (with the appropriate value in place of `blogID`, of course): ``` GET https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/posts/default ``` Blogger then returns an HTTP `200 OK` status code and a standard Atom 1.0 feed containing the blog posts. The following is an example of a feed for a blog with only one post. Notice that we've slightly edited this example to make it a little more readable by humans. In particular, a real Blogger feed contains actual IDs and URLs. ``` tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-blogID 2008-04-17T00:03:33.152-07:00 Lizzy's Diary Elizabeth Bennet http://www.blogger.com/profile/profileID noreply@blogger.com Blogger tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-blogID.post-postID 2008-04-07T20:25:00.005-07:00 2008-04-07T20:25:37.132-07:00 Quite disagreeable <p>I met Mr. Bingley's friend Mr. Darcy this evening. I found him quite disagreeable.</p> Elizabeth Bennet http://www.blogger.com/profile/profileID noreply@blogger.com ``` ### Retrieving a blog post again If you want to retrieve a post that you've retrieved before, you can improve efficiency by telling Blogger to send the post only if it has changed since the last time you retrieved it. To do this sort of conditional retrieval, send an HTTP `GET` request that includes an HTTP `If-None-Match` header. In the header, specify the entry's ETag, which you can find in the `` element's `gd:etag` attribute. For example: ``` If-None-Match: W/"D08FQn8-eil7ImA9WxZbFEw." ``` When Blogger receives this request, it checks to see whether the entry that you requested has the same ETag as the ETag you specified. If the ETags match, then the entry hasn't changed, and Blogger returns an HTTP 304 `Not Modified` status code. If the ETags don't match, then the entry has been modified since the last time you requested it, and Blogger returns the entry. For more information about ETags, see the [Google Data APIs reference guide](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/reference#ResourceVersioning). ### Retrieving posts using query parameters The Blogger Data API lets you request a set of entries that match specified criteria, such as requesting blog posts published or updated in a given date range. For example, to send a date-range query, add the `published-min` and `published-max` parameters to the request URL. To get all the blog entries created between March 16, 2008 to March 24, 2008, send an HTTP request to the blog's feed URL: ``` GET https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/posts/default?published-min=2008-03-16T00:00:00&published-max=2008-03-24T23:59:59 ``` When you send that `GET` request, Blogger returns an HTTP `200 OK` status code and a feed containing any blog posts that were created in the date range you specified. The `updated-min` and `updated-max` parameters may also be used to get all the blog entries updated within a given range. However, note that these parameters are ignored unless the `orderby` parameter is also set to `updated`. The Blogger Data API supports the following query parameters: alt : The type of feed to return, such as `atom` (the default) or `rss`. /category : Specifies categories (also known as labels) to filter the feed results. For example, `https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/posts/default/-/Fritz/Laurie` returns entries with both the labels `Fritz` and `Laurie`. max-results : The maximum number of entries to return. orderby : The order in which to return entries, such as `lastmodified` (the default), `starttime`, or `updated`. published-min, published-max : The bounds on entry publication dates. start-index : The 1-based index of the first result to be retrieved (for paging). updated-min, updated-max : The bounds on entry update dates. These query parameters are ignored unless the `orderby` parameter is set to `updated`. path : The permalink path for a post. For example, for a post that has the URL http://buzz.blogger.com/2011/08/bloggers-fresh-new-look.html, the permalink path is `/2011/08/bloggers-fresh-new-look.html`. q : Full text query string. This enables you to search a blog for posts that match a query. For more information about query parameters, see the [Blogger Data API Reference Guide](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/reference#Parameters) and the [Google Data APIs Reference Guide](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/reference#Queries). ## Updating posts To update an existing blog post, first you retrieve the entry you want to update, then you modify it, and then you send a `PUT` request, with the updated entry in the message body, to the post's edit URL. Be sure that the `` value in the entry you `PUT` exactly matches the `` of the existing entry. The edit URL is highlighted in the following entry: ``` tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-blogID.post-postID 2006-11-08T18:10:00.000-08:00 2006-11-08T18:10:14.954-08:00 Quite disagreeable <p>I met Mr. Bingley's friend Mr. Darcy this evening. I found him quite disagreeable.</p> Elizabeth Bennet noreply@blogger.com http://www.blogger.com/profile/profileID ``` **IMPORTANT** : To ensure forward compatibility, be sure that when you `PUT` an updated entry, you preserve *all* the XML that was present when you retrieved the entry from Blogger. Otherwise, when we implement new stuff and include `` elements in the feed, your client won't return them and your users will miss out. The [Google Data API client libraries](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/client-libraries) all handle this correctly, so if you're using one of the libraries you're all set. **Note**: Modifying the author data associated with posts is currently not supported. **Troubleshooting Tip** : Some firewalls block HTTP `PUT` messages. To get around this, you can include a `X-HTTP-Method-Override: PUT` header in a `POST` request. For details, see the [Google Data API protocol basics](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/basics) document. ## Deleting posts To delete a post, send a `DELETE` request to the post's edit URL. This is the same URL used to [update posts](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#UpdatingEntries). **Troubleshooting Tip** : Some firewalls block HTTP `DELETE` messages. To get around this, you can include a `X-HTTP-Method-Override: DELETE` header in a `POST` request. For details, see the [Google Data API protocol basics](https://developers.google.com/gdata/docs/2.0/basics) document. ## Comments The Blogger Data API allows for creating, retrieving, and deleting comments. Updating comments is not supported (nor is it available in the web interface). ### Creating comments To post a comment, create an Atom `` element like the following: ``` This is my first comment This is my first comment ``` To publish this comment, place your Atom `` element in the body of a new `POST` request, using the `application/atom+xml` content type. Then send the `POST` request to the appropriate Blogger URL: ``` POST https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/postID/comments/default ``` **Note**: Currently, you can only post comments to a blog owned by the authenticated user. **Note**: Setting a custom author for comments is currently not supported. All new comments will appear as if they were created by the currently authenticated user. ### Retrieving comments You can retrieve the comments for a particular post by sending a `GET` to this post's comments feed URL: ``` GET https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/postID/comments/default ``` Or you can get the comments from all posts by using the blog's comments feed URL: ``` GET https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/comments/default ``` These requests return a comments feed that looks like this: ``` tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-blogID.postpostID..comments 2007-12-14T17:46:22.077-08:00 Comments on Lizzy's Diary: Quite disagreeable Elizabeth Bennet http://www.blogger.com/profile/profileID noreply@blogger.com Blogger 1 1 tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-blogID.post-commentID 2007-12-14T17:46:00.001-08:00 2007-12-14T17:46:00.001-08:00 Darcy FTW! Darcy FTW! Elizabeth Bennet http://www.blogger.com/profile/profileID liz@gmail.com ``` ### Deleting comments To delete a comment, send a `DELETE` request to the comment's edit URL. This URL is highlighted in the comments feed above. ## Export format Blogger allows users to export and import their blogs using a Blogger export file. This export file contains all of the posts and comments for one blog. The format for the export file is the exact same Atom format that is described in the sections on retrieving posts and comments. This export file will contain the contents of the post feed and the contents of the comments feed combined into one document. To export or import blog data using the export format, you can visit the **Settings** page for the blog. To retrieve the export file for a blog using the Data API, use the following URL: ``` GET https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/archive ``` To import the export file, create a `POST` request to the following URL with the contents of the export file as the request data and `application/atom+xml` as the content type: ``` POST https://www.blogger.com/feeds/blogID/archive/full ``` Neither of the URLs for above support query parameters. Both requests must also contain [](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#Authorizing)authentication information and only blog administrators will be able to import/export the blog using these feed URLs. **Note**: If you are creating your own Blogger export file, there is currently one restriction around the ordering of the post and comment entries. The Blogger export file will list all of the posts first, and then all of the comments. Interleaving post and comment entries is allowed so long as the comment entry comes after the post the comment is for. For more information about how Blogger uses the Atom format in the export file, see the [Protocol reference guide](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/reference#LinkCommentsToPosts). [Back to top](https://developers.google.com/blogger/docs/2.0/developers_guide_protocol#top)