Menggunakan API

Dokumen ini menjelaskan hal-hal yang perlu Anda ketahui untuk menggunakan Google Civic Information API. Anda dapat melihat di FAQ Civic Info API ini yang memiliki beberapa info dasar tentang API serta pertanyaan umum (FAQ) dari forum pengguna kami. Selain itu, Anda dapat melihat dua contoh di bawah ini, pertama untuk mencari informasi pemilih selama pemilu, dan kedua untuk mencari perwakilan terpilih.

Mengidentifikasi aplikasi Anda ke Google

Aplikasi Anda perlu mengidentifikasi dirinya sendiri setiap kali mengirim permintaan ke Google Civic Information API, dengan menyertakan kunci API bersama permintaan.

Mendapatkan dan menggunakan kunci API

Untuk mendapatkan kunci API:

1. Buka halaman Credentials di Konsol API.
2. API ini mendukung dua jenis kredensial. Buat kredensial apa pun yang sesuai untuk project Anda:

   • OAuth 2.0: Setiap kali aplikasi Anda meminta pengguna pribadi data, klien harus mengirimkan token OAuth 2.0 bersama dengan permintaan. Nama mula-mula mengirim ID klien dan, mungkin, rahasia klien ke mendapatkan token. Anda dapat membuat kredensial OAuth 2.0 untuk web aplikasi, akun layanan, atau aplikasi terinstal.

     Catatan: Karena API ini tidak memiliki metode apa pun yang memerlukan otorisasi OAuth 2.0, Anda mungkin hanya perlu mendapatkan Kunci API, yang dijelaskan di bawah ini. Akan tetapi, jika aplikasi Anda memanggil API lain yang memerlukan otorisasi, maka Anda masih memerlukan kredensial OAuth 2.0.

     Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Dokumentasi OAuth 2.0.

   • Kunci API: Permintaan yang tidak menyediakan token OAuth 2.0 harus mengirimkan API tombol. Kunci ini mengidentifikasi project Anda dan memberikan akses, kuota, dan laporan.

     API ini mendukung beberapa jenis pembatasan pada kunci API. Jika kunci API yang Anda yang dibutuhkan, maka buat kunci API di Konsol mengeklik Create credentials  > Kunci API. Anda dapat membatasi kunci sebelum menggunakannya dalam produksi dengan mengklik Restrict key dan memilih salah satu Pembatasan.

Untuk menjaga keamanan kunci API Anda, ikuti praktik terbaik untuk dengan aman menggunakan kunci API.

Setelah Anda memiliki kunci API, aplikasi Anda dapat menambahkan parameter kueri key=yourAPIKey ke semua URL permintaan.

Kunci API aman untuk disematkan dalam URL; dan tidak memerlukan encoding apa pun.

Pembatasan kunci API

Kunci API Anda tidak dibatasi secara default, yang tidak aman jika siapa pun bisa membaca kunci ini (jika ditempatkan dalam browser, misalnya) atau mengakses perangkat tempat kunci tersebut diletakkan. Sebaiknya terapkan pembatasan pada kunci API ini untuk mencegah penggunaan yang tidak sah.

Untuk menambahkan pembatasan, klik Restrict key dalam API key created kotak dialog. Panel konfigurasi API key akan muncul:

Jenis pembatasan yang Anda pilih akan bergantung pada kebutuhan aplikasi Anda:

• Aplikasi web yang berinteraksi langsung dengan API (yaitu, bukan melalui backend atau middleware apa pun) harus menambahkan batasan perujuk HTTP. Akan tetapi, perlu diketahui bahwa aplikasi seperti itu akan mengekspos kunci API mereka secara publik; lebih suka menggunakan skema autentikasi akun layanan.
• Aplikasi backend yang tidak dapat mendukung akun layanan (misalnya, perangkat tersemat yang tidak memiliki bahasa yang didukung di library klien) harus menambahkan batasan alamat IP terhadap penggunaan dari klien pada alamat IP yang berbeda.
• Aplikasi Android harus menambahkan batasan aplikasi Android dan menambahkan nama paket dan sidik jari sertifikat penandatanganan SHA-1.
• Aplikasi iOS harus menambahkan batasan aplikasi iOS dan menambahkan paket iOS apa pun ID untuk membatasi panggilan API ke paket iOS ini.

Untuk pengujian, Anda mungkin tidak ingin memberikan batasan sama sekali. Namun, sebaiknya tambahkan pembatasan ke kunci ini atau hapus setelah Anda men-deploy aplikasi ke produksi.

Contoh PemiluQuery

Berikut ini contoh (menggunakan API versi 'v2') untuk memanggil metode API electionQuery untuk mendapatkan daftar tanda pengenal pemilu yang valid, lalu menggunakan voterInfoQuery API dengan alamat pemilih yang terdaftar untuk mendapatkan informasi pemilu terpilih.

Gunakan pemiluQuery untuk mendapatkan daftar ID pemilu yang valid:

  https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/elections?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>
  

Respons Kueri pemilu:

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#electionsqueryresponse",
 "elections": [
  {
   "id": "2000",
   "name": "VIP Test Election",
   "electionDay": "2013-06-06"
  },
  {
   "id": "2124",
   "name": "Rhode Island 2012 Primary Election",
   "electionDay": "2012-09-11"
  },
  {
   "id": "2126",
   "name": "Delaware 2012 Primary Election",
   "electionDay": "2012-09-11"
  }
 ]
}

pemilihInfoQuery menggunakan curl

Menggunakan curl untuk mengirim pemilihInfoQuery permintaan untuk ID pemilihan ujian VIP 2000 dan pemilih di alamat (tes) 1263 Pacific Ave. Kansas City, KS (lihat respons voterInfoQuery, di bawah):

curl "https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/voterinfo?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>&address=1263%20Pacific%20Ave.%20Kansas%20City%20KS&electionId=2000"

pemilihInfoQuery menggunakan Library Klien Google API untuk JavaScript

Contoh ini memberikan pemilihInfoQuery yang sama seperti contoh curl sebelumnya, tetapi menggunakan Library klien JavaScript. Respons voterInfoQuery sama dengan respons contoh curl.

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script>
      /**
       * Build and execute request to look up voter info for provided address.
       * @param {string} address Address for which to fetch voter info.
       * @param {function(Object)} callback Function which takes the
       *     response object as a parameter.
       */
       function lookup(address, callback) {
       /**
         * Election ID for which to fetch voter info.
         * @type {number}
         */
        var electionId = 2000;
 
        /**
         * Request object for given parameters.
         * @type {gapi.client.HttpRequest}
         */
        var req = gapi.client.request({
            'path' : '/civicinfo/v2/voterinfo',
            'params' : {'electionId' : electionId, 'address' : address}
        });
       req.execute(callback);
      }

      /**
       * Render results in the DOM.
       * @param {Object} response Response object returned by the API.
       * @param {Object} rawResponse Raw response from the API.
       */
      function renderResults(response, rawResponse) {
        var el = document.getElementById('results');
        if (!response || response.error) {
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Error while trying to fetch polling place'));
          return;
        }
        var normalizedAddress = response.normalizedInput.line1 + ' ' +
            response.normalizedInput.city + ', ' +
            response.normalizedInput.state + ' ' +
            response.normalizedInput.zip;
        if (response.pollingLocations.length > 0) {
          var pollingLocation = response.pollingLocations[0].address;
          var pollingAddress = pollingLocation.locationName + ', ' +
              pollingLocation.line1 + ' ' +
              pollingLocation.city + ', ' +
              pollingLocation.state + ' ' +
              pollingLocation.zip;
          var normEl = document.createElement('strong');
          normEl.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Polling place for ' + normalizedAddress + ': '));
          el.appendChild(normEl);
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pollingAddress));
        } else {
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Could not find polling place for ' + normalizedAddress));
        }
      }

      /**
       * Initialize the API client and make a request.
       */
      function load() {
        gapi.client.setApiKey('YOUR API KEY GOES HERE');
        lookup('1263 Pacific Ave. Kansas City KS', renderResults);
      }
    </script>
    <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/client.js?onload=load"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="results"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Respons pemilihInfoQuery:

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#voterinforesponse",
 "status": "success",
 "election": {
  "id": "2000",
  "name": "VIP Test Election",
  "electionDay": "2013-06-06"
 },
 "normalizedInput": {
  "line1": "1263 Pacific Ave",
  "city": "Kansas City",
  "state": "KS",
  "zip": "66102"
 },
 "pollingLocations": [
  {
   "address": {
    "locationName": "National Guard Armory",
    "line1": "100 S 20th St",
    "line2": "",
    "line3": "",
    "city": "Kansas City",
    "state": "KS",
    "zip": "66102 "
   },
   "pollingHours": " - "
  }
 ],
 "contests": [
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Attorney"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Sheriff"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Kansas Representative 32",
   "district": {
    "name": "Kansas Representative 32",
    "scope": "stateLower",
    "id": "32"
   },
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Governor/Lt. Governor",
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Andrew P.  Gray",
     "party": "Libertarian",
     "email": "[e-mail]"
    },
    {
     "name": "Kenneth (ken) W. Cannon",
     "party": "Reform"
    },
    {
     "name": "Tom Holland",
     "party": "Democratic",
     "candidateUrl": "www.tomhollandforkansas.com",
     "email": "[e-mail]"
    },
    {
     "name": "Sam Brownback",
     "party": "Republican",
     "candidateUrl": "www.brownbackforkansas.com",
     "email": "[e-mail]"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "KCKCC Member AL Brd of Trustee"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Secretary of State",
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Chris Biggs",
     "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
     "name": "Kris Kobach",
     "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
     "name": "Phillip Horatio Lucas",
     "party": "Libertarian"
    },
    {
     "name": "Derek Langseth",
     "party": "Reform"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "U.S. Senate",
   "district": {
    "name": "U.S. Senate",
    "scope": "statewide",
    "id": "5"
   },
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Lisa Johnston",
     "party": "Democratic",
     "candidateUrl": "www.lisaforkansas.com",
     "phone": "913-662-1457",
     "email": "[e-mail]"
    },
    {
     "name": "Jerry Moran",
     "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
     "name": "Michael Wm. Dann",
     "party": "Libertarian"
    },
    {
     "name": "Joseph (joe) K. Bellis",
     "party": "Reform"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "BD of Public Utilities 2"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Attorney General",
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Steve Six",
     "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
     "name": "Derek Schmidt",
     "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
     "name": "Dennis Hawver",
     "party": "Libertarian"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "U.S. Representative 3"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Governor/Lt. Governor",
   "district": {
    "name": "Governor/Lt. Governor",
    "scope": "statewide",
    "id": "1"
   },
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Andrew P.  Gray",
     "party": "Libertarian",
     "email": "[e-mail]"
    },
    {
     "name": "Kenneth (ken) W. Cannon",
     "party": "Reform"
    },
    {
     "name": "Tom Holland",
     "party": "Democratic",
     "candidateUrl": "www.tomhollandforkansas.com",
     "email": "[e-mail]"
    },
    {
     "name": "Sam Brownback",
     "party": "Republican",
     "candidateUrl": "www.brownbackforkansas.com",
     "email": "[e-mail]"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Commissioner-At-Large 2"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Kansas Senate 6"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Clerk"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "President / Vice President"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Register of Deeds"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "BD of Public Utilities (AL)"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Commissioner 2"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "USD 500"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "State Board of Education 1"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Treasurer"
  }
 ],
 "state": [
  {
   "name": "State of Kansas",
   "electionAdministrationBody": {
    "name": "Kansas",
    "electionOfficials": [
     {
      "name": "Brad Bryant",
      "title": "Election Director",
      "officePhoneNumber": "785-296-4561",
      "emailAddress": "[e-mail]"
     }
    ]
   },
   "local_jurisdiction": {
    "name": "Wyandotte",
    "electionAdministrationBody": {
     "name": "Wyandotte",
     "electionInfoUrl": "http://www.wycokck.org/election",
     "electionOfficials": [
      {
       "name": "Bruce Newby",
       "title": "Election Commissioner",
       "officePhoneNumber": "[phone]",
       "emailAddress": "[e-mail]"
      }
     ]
    },
    "sources": [
     {
      "name": "Voting Information Project",
      "official": true
     }
    ]
   },
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

representatifInfoQuery menggunakan curl

Berikut contoh pencarian perwakilan terpilih untuk suatu alamat. Gunakan curl untuk mengirim representativeInfoByAddress permintaan untuk alamat (pengujian) 1263 Pacific Ave. Kansas City, KS (lihat respons representatifInfoByAddress, di bawah ini):

curl "https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/representatives?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>&address=1263%20Pacific%20Ave.%20Kansas%20City%20KS"

Melaporkan error

Apakah Anda melihat informasi yang hilang atau salah untuk pejabat terpilih? Pejabat publik terkadang meninggalkan jabatan sebelum masa jabatan mereka selesai atau mengubah informasi kontak mereka. Beri tahu kami tentang perubahan seperti ini yang belum tercermin pada data yang kami tampilkan.

Kami akan mengonfirmasi laporan Anda dengan pengguna lain, penyedia data, atau sumber data resmi pemerintah. Karena banyaknya laporan, kita mungkin tidak dapat membalas Anda secara langsung. Jika disetujui, perubahan Anda mungkin memerlukan waktu beberapa saat untuk muncul di hasil API.

Untuk melaporkan error, isi formulir ini.

RepInfoByAddress Respons:

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#representativeInfoResponse",
 "status": "success",
 "normalizedInput": {
  "line1": "1263 pacific ave",
  "city": "kansas city",
  "state": "KS",
  "zip": "66102"
 },
 "divisions": {
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/county:wyandotte/council_district:2": {
   "name": "Wyandotte County Commissioner District 2",
   "scope": "countyCouncil"
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/cd:3": {
   "name": "Kansas's 3rd congressional district",
   "scope": "congressional",
   "officeIndices": [ 0 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/sldl:32": {
   "name": "Kansas House of Representatives district 32",
   "scope": "stateLower",
   "officeIndices": [ 1 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/place:kansas_city": {
   "name": "Kansas City city",
   "scope": "citywide",
   "officeIndices": [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/county:wyandotte": {
   "name": "Wyandotte County",
   "scope": "countywide"
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us": {
   "name": "United States",
   "scope": "national",
   "officeIndices": [ 9, 10 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks": {
   "name": "Kansas",
   "scope": "statewide",
   "officeIndices": [ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/sldu:6": {
   "name": "Kansas State Senate district 6",
   "scope": "stateUpper",
   "officeIndices": [ 18 ]
  }
 },
 "offices": [
  {
   "name": "United States House of Representatives KS-03",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 0 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "KS State House District 32",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 1 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Sheriff",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 2 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "District Attorney",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 3 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Register of Deeds",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 4 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Director of Revenue",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 5 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Clerk",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 6 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Commission, At Large, District 1",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 7 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Commission, At Large, District 2",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 8 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "President",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 9 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Vice President",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 10 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Governor",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 11 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "State Treasurer",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 12 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Attorney General",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 13 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Secretary of State",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 14 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Lieutenant Governor",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 15 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "United States Senate",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 16, 17 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Insurance Commissioner",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 18 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "KS State Senate District 6",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 19 ]
  }
 ],
 "officials": [
  {
   "name": "Kevin Yoder",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "215 Cannon HOB",
     "city": "washington d.c.",
     "state": "DC",
     "zip": "20515"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Republican",
   "phones": [
    "[phone]"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://yoder.house.gov/"
   ],
   "photoUrl": "http://yoder.house.gov/images/user_images/headshot.jpg",
   "channels": [
    {
     "type": "Facebook",
     "id": "CongressmanKevinYoder"
    },
    {
     "type": "Twitter",
     "id": "RepKevinYoder"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Mike Peterson",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "450 North 17th",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66102"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "[phone]"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/members/rep_peterson_michael_1/"
   ],
   "photoUrl": "http://www.kslegislature.org/li/m/images/pics/rep_peterson_michael_1.jpg",
   "emails": [
    "[e-mail]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Donald Ash",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "701 Nth 7th Street Suite 20",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "[phone]"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/DefaultDept32.aspx?id=2614"
   ],
   "emails": [
    "[e-mail]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Jerome Gorman",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "701 Nth 7th Street Suite 10",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "[phone]"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/Internet2010DistAttyBanner.aspx?id=176&banner=6912&menu_id=946"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Nancy Burns",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "710 n. 7th street",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Unknown",
   "phones": [
    "[phone]"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/Internetdept.aspx?id=2600&menu_id=1024&banner=15284"
   ],
   "emails": [
    "[e-mail]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Debbie Pack",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "710 n. 7th street",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Unknown",
   "phones": [
    "[phone]"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/treasury/"
   ],
   "emails": [
    "[e-mail]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Bridgette D. Cobbins",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "710 n. 7th street",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Unknown",
   "phones": [
    "[phone]"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/InternetDept.aspx?id=18992&menu_id=554&terms=Bridgette%20Cobbins"
   ],
   "emails": [
    "[e-mail]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Vacant",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "701 Nth 7th Street Suite 979",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
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}