使用 API

本文件將說明使用 Google Civic Information API 的須知。您可以參閱這篇 Civic Info API 常見問題,瞭解該 API 的基本資訊,以及我們使用者論壇中的常見問題。此外,您也可以查看下列兩個範例,前者是查詢選舉期間的選民資訊,後者則用於查詢民選代表

向 Google 指定您的應用程式

應用程式每次傳送要求給 Google Civic Information API 時,都必須透過每次要求加入 API 金鑰,藉此識別自己的身分。

取得並使用 API 金鑰

要取得 API 金鑰:

  1. 在 API 控制台中開啟「憑證」頁面
  2. 這個 API 支援兩種憑證。建立適合您專案的憑證:
    • OAuth 2.0:每當您的應用程式要求私人使用者資料時,都必須與要求一併傳送 OAuth 2.0 權杖。應用程式會先傳送用戶端 ID,並可能傳送用戶端密鑰來取得權杖。您可以為網路應用程式、服務帳戶或已安裝的應用程式產生 OAuth 2.0 憑證。

      注意:這個 API 沒有任何需要 OAuth 2.0 授權的方法,因此您可能只需要取得下方說明的 API 金鑰。但是,如果您的應用程式呼叫其他需要使用者授權的 API,您仍然需要 OAuth 2.0 憑證。

      詳情請參閱 OAuth 2.0 說明文件

    • API 金鑰:沒有提供 OAuth 2.0 權杖的要求必須傳送 API 金鑰。金鑰可用來識別專案,並提供 API 存取權、配額和報表。

      API 支援數種類型的 API 金鑰限制。如果您還沒有所需的 API 金鑰,請依序點按「Create credentials」(建立憑證) >「API key」(API 金鑰),在控制台中建立 API 金鑰。您可以按一下「限制金鑰」並選取其中一個「限制」,為金鑰限制金鑰,然後再將其用於實際工作環境。

為確保您 API 金鑰的安全,請遵循安全使用 API 金鑰的最佳做法

取得 API 金鑰後,應用程式可以將查詢參數 key=yourAPIKey 附加到所有要求網址。

API 金鑰可以安全地嵌入網址中,不需任何編碼。

API 金鑰限制

您的 API 金鑰預設不受限。如果任何人都可以讀取這組金鑰 (例如在瀏覽器中置入金鑰),或存取金鑰所在裝置,就會不安全。建議您為這組 API 金鑰設定限制,防止未經授權的使用行為。

如要新增限制,請在「已建立 API 金鑰」對話方塊中按一下「限制金鑰」。系統隨即會顯示「API key」(API 金鑰) 設定面板:

請根據應用程式需求選取限制類型:

  • 與 API 直接互動的網頁應用程式 (不得透過任何後端或中介軟體),應該新增 HTTP 參照網址限制。不過請注意,這類應用程式會公開 API 金鑰,建議改用服務帳戶驗證配置。
  • 無法另行支援服務帳戶的後端應用程式 (例如用戶端程式庫中沒有支援的語言的嵌入裝置) 應新增「IP 位址」限制,防止用戶端使用不同 IP 位址的用戶端。
  • Android 應用程式應新增「Android 應用程式」限制,並新增套件名稱和 SHA-1 簽署憑證指紋。
  • iOS 應用程式應新增 iOS 應用程式限制,並新增任何 iOS 軟體包 ID 以限制向這些 iOS 套件發出 API 呼叫。

測試時,您可能不想設定任何限制。不過,建議您為這組金鑰新增限制,或是在將應用程式部署至實際工作環境後刪除金鑰。

選舉查詢範例

以下範例 (使用 API 版本「v2」) 呼叫 electionQuery API 來取得有效選舉 ID 清單,然後使用 voterInfoQuery API 搭配選民登記地址,取得所選選舉的相關資訊。

請使用 ElectionQuery 取得有效選舉 ID 清單:

  https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/elections?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>
  

選舉查詢回應:

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#electionsqueryresponse",
 "elections": [
  {
   "id": "2000",
   "name": "VIP Test Election",
   "electionDay": "2013-06-06"
  },
  {
   "id": "2124",
   "name": "Rhode Island 2012 Primary Election",
   "electionDay": "2012-09-11"
  },
  {
   "id": "2126",
   "name": "Delaware 2012 Primary Election",
   "electionDay": "2012-09-11"
  }
 ]
}

使用 curl 的 ElectionrInfoQuery

使用 curl 傳送 VIP 測試選舉 ID 2000 的 選票,並在 (測試) 地址 1263 Pacific Ave. Kansas City, KS 的選民 (請參閱下方的 ElectionrInfoQuery 回應) 投票:

curl "https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/voterinfo?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>&address=1263%20Pacific%20Ave.%20Kansas%20City%20KS&electionId=2000"

使用適用於 JavaScript 的 Google API 用戶端程式庫 ElectionrInfoQuery

此範例會發出與先前 curl 範例相同的 ElectionrInfoQuery,但使用 JavaScript 用戶端程式庫ElectionrInfoQuery 回應與 curl 範例回應相同。

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script>
      /**
       * Build and execute request to look up voter info for provided address.
       * @param {string} address Address for which to fetch voter info.
       * @param {function(Object)} callback Function which takes the
       *     response object as a parameter.
       */
       function lookup(address, callback) {
       /**
         * Election ID for which to fetch voter info.
         * @type {number}
         */
        var electionId = 2000;
 
        /**
         * Request object for given parameters.
         * @type {gapi.client.HttpRequest}
         */
        var req = gapi.client.request({
            'path' : '/civicinfo/v2/voterinfo',
            'params' : {'electionId' : electionId, 'address' : address}
        });
       req.execute(callback);
      }

      /**
       * Render results in the DOM.
       * @param {Object} response Response object returned by the API.
       * @param {Object} rawResponse Raw response from the API.
       */
      function renderResults(response, rawResponse) {
        var el = document.getElementById('results');
        if (!response || response.error) {
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Error while trying to fetch polling place'));
          return;
        }
        var normalizedAddress = response.normalizedInput.line1 + ' ' +
            response.normalizedInput.city + ', ' +
            response.normalizedInput.state + ' ' +
            response.normalizedInput.zip;
        if (response.pollingLocations.length > 0) {
          var pollingLocation = response.pollingLocations[0].address;
          var pollingAddress = pollingLocation.locationName + ', ' +
              pollingLocation.line1 + ' ' +
              pollingLocation.city + ', ' +
              pollingLocation.state + ' ' +
              pollingLocation.zip;
          var normEl = document.createElement('strong');
          normEl.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Polling place for ' + normalizedAddress + ': '));
          el.appendChild(normEl);
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pollingAddress));
        } else {
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Could not find polling place for ' + normalizedAddress));
        }
      }

      /**
       * Initialize the API client and make a request.
       */
      function load() {
        gapi.client.setApiKey('YOUR API KEY GOES HERE');
        lookup('1263 Pacific Ave. Kansas City KS', renderResults);
      }
    </script>
    <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/client.js?onload=load"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="results"></div>
  </body>
</html>

ElectionrInfoQuery 回應:

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#voterinforesponse",
 "status": "success",
 "election": {
  "id": "2000",
  "name": "VIP Test Election",
  "electionDay": "2013-06-06"
 },
 "normalizedInput": {
  "line1": "1263 Pacific Ave",
  "city": "Kansas City",
  "state": "KS",
  "zip": "66102"
 },
 "pollingLocations": [
  {
   "address": {
    "locationName": "National Guard Armory",
    "line1": "100 S 20th St",
    "line2": "",
    "line3": "",
    "city": "Kansas City",
    "state": "KS",
    "zip": "66102 "
   },
   "pollingHours": " - "
  }
 ],
 "contests": [
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Attorney"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Sheriff"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Kansas Representative 32",
   "district": {
    "name": "Kansas Representative 32",
    "scope": "stateLower",
    "id": "32"
   },
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Governor/Lt. Governor",
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Andrew P.  Gray",
     "party": "Libertarian",
     "email": "chair@lpks.org"
    },
    {
     "name": "Kenneth (ken) W. Cannon",
     "party": "Reform"
    },
    {
     "name": "Tom Holland",
     "party": "Democratic",
     "candidateUrl": "www.tomhollandforkansas.com",
     "email": "info@tomhollandforkansas.com"
    },
    {
     "name": "Sam Brownback",
     "party": "Republican",
     "candidateUrl": "www.brownbackforkansas.com",
     "email": "media@brownback.com"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "KCKCC Member AL Brd of Trustee"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Secretary of State",
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Chris Biggs",
     "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
     "name": "Kris Kobach",
     "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
     "name": "Phillip Horatio Lucas",
     "party": "Libertarian"
    },
    {
     "name": "Derek Langseth",
     "party": "Reform"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "U.S. Senate",
   "district": {
    "name": "U.S. Senate",
    "scope": "statewide",
    "id": "5"
   },
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Lisa Johnston",
     "party": "Democratic",
     "candidateUrl": "www.lisaforkansas.com",
     "phone": "913-662-1457",
     "email": "lisa@lisaforkansas.com"
    },
    {
     "name": "Jerry Moran",
     "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
     "name": "Michael Wm. Dann",
     "party": "Libertarian"
    },
    {
     "name": "Joseph (joe) K. Bellis",
     "party": "Reform"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "BD of Public Utilities 2"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Attorney General",
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Steve Six",
     "party": "Democratic"
    },
    {
     "name": "Derek Schmidt",
     "party": "Republican"
    },
    {
     "name": "Dennis Hawver",
     "party": "Libertarian"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "U.S. Representative 3"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Governor/Lt. Governor",
   "district": {
    "name": "Governor/Lt. Governor",
    "scope": "statewide",
    "id": "1"
   },
   "candidates": [
    {
     "name": "Andrew P.  Gray",
     "party": "Libertarian",
     "email": "chair@lpks.org"
    },
    {
     "name": "Kenneth (ken) W. Cannon",
     "party": "Reform"
    },
    {
     "name": "Tom Holland",
     "party": "Democratic",
     "candidateUrl": "www.tomhollandforkansas.com",
     "email": "info@tomhollandforkansas.com"
    },
    {
     "name": "Sam Brownback",
     "party": "Republican",
     "candidateUrl": "www.brownbackforkansas.com",
     "email": "media@brownback.com"
    }
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Commissioner-At-Large 2"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Kansas Senate 6"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Clerk"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "President / Vice President"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Register of Deeds"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "BD of Public Utilities (AL)"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Commissioner 2"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "USD 500"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "State Board of Education 1"
  },
  {
   "type": "General",
   "office": "Treasurer"
  }
 ],
 "state": [
  {
   "name": "State of Kansas",
   "electionAdministrationBody": {
    "name": "Kansas",
    "electionOfficials": [
     {
      "name": "Brad Bryant",
      "title": "Election Director",
      "officePhoneNumber": "785-296-4561",
      "emailAddress": "cclark@essvote.com"
     }
    ]
   },
   "local_jurisdiction": {
    "name": "Wyandotte",
    "electionAdministrationBody": {
     "name": "Wyandotte",
     "electionInfoUrl": "http://www.wycokck.org/election",
     "electionOfficials": [
      {
       "name": "Bruce Newby",
       "title": "Election Commissioner",
       "officePhoneNumber": "(913) 573-8500",
       "emailAddress": "hbbrooks@essvote.com"
      }
     ]
    },
    "sources": [
     {
      "name": "Voting Information Project",
      "official": true
     }
    ]
   },
   "sources": [
    {
     "name": "Voting Information Project",
     "official": true
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}

使用 curl 的 RederInfoQuery

以下範例說明如何查詢當選代表的地址。使用 curl,為 (測試) 位址 1263 Pacific Ave. Kansas City, KS (下方的 representationativeInfoByAddress 回應) 傳送 representativeInfoByAddress 要求:

curl "https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/representatives?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>&address=1263%20Pacific%20Ave.%20Kansas%20City%20KS"

回報錯誤

你看到民選官員的資訊缺漏或有誤嗎?有時候,公職人員可能會在正式約期結束前離開辦公室,或是變更聯絡資訊。請通知我們,這些異動尚未反映在我們傳回的資料中。

我們會與其他使用者、資料提供者或政府官方資料來源確認檢舉內容。由於報告為數眾多,所以我們可能不會直接將結果回覆給您。如果獲得核准,您的變更可能需要一些時間才會顯示在 API 結果中。

如要回報錯誤,請填寫這份表單

proInfoByAddress 回應:

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#representativeInfoResponse",
 "status": "success",
 "normalizedInput": {
  "line1": "1263 pacific ave",
  "city": "kansas city",
  "state": "KS",
  "zip": "66102"
 },
 "divisions": {
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/county:wyandotte/council_district:2": {
   "name": "Wyandotte County Commissioner District 2",
   "scope": "countyCouncil"
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/cd:3": {
   "name": "Kansas's 3rd congressional district",
   "scope": "congressional",
   "officeIndices": [ 0 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/sldl:32": {
   "name": "Kansas House of Representatives district 32",
   "scope": "stateLower",
   "officeIndices": [ 1 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/place:kansas_city": {
   "name": "Kansas City city",
   "scope": "citywide",
   "officeIndices": [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/county:wyandotte": {
   "name": "Wyandotte County",
   "scope": "countywide"
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us": {
   "name": "United States",
   "scope": "national",
   "officeIndices": [ 9, 10 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks": {
   "name": "Kansas",
   "scope": "statewide",
   "officeIndices": [ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/sldu:6": {
   "name": "Kansas State Senate district 6",
   "scope": "stateUpper",
   "officeIndices": [ 18 ]
  }
 },
 "offices": [
  {
   "name": "United States House of Representatives KS-03",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 0 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "KS State House District 32",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 1 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Sheriff",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 2 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "District Attorney",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 3 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Register of Deeds",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 4 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Director of Revenue",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 5 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Clerk",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 6 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Commission, At Large, District 1",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 7 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Commission, At Large, District 2",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 8 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "President",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 9 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Vice President",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 10 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Governor",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 11 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "State Treasurer",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 12 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Attorney General",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 13 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Secretary of State",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 14 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Lieutenant Governor",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 15 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "United States Senate",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 16, 17 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Insurance Commissioner",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 18 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "KS State Senate District 6",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 19 ]
  }
 ],
 "officials": [
  {
   "name": "Kevin Yoder",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "215 Cannon HOB",
     "city": "washington d.c.",
     "state": "DC",
     "zip": "20515"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Republican",
   "phones": [
    "(202) 225-2865"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://yoder.house.gov/"
   ],
   "photoUrl": "http://yoder.house.gov/images/user_images/headshot.jpg",
   "channels": [
    {
     "type": "Facebook",
     "id": "CongressmanKevinYoder"
    },
    {
     "type": "Twitter",
     "id": "RepKevinYoder"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Mike Peterson",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "450 North 17th",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66102"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "(785) 296-7371"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/members/rep_peterson_michael_1/"
   ],
   "photoUrl": "http://www.kslegislature.org/li/m/images/pics/rep_peterson_michael_1.jpg",
   "emails": [
    "michael.peterson@house.ks.gov"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Donald Ash",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "701 Nth 7th Street Suite 20",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "(913) 573-2861"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/DefaultDept32.aspx?id=2614"
   ],
   "emails": [
    "dash@wycokck.org"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Jerome Gorman",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "701 Nth 7th Street Suite 10",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "(913) 573-2851"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/Internet2010DistAttyBanner.aspx?id=176&banner=6912&menu_id=946"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Nancy Burns",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "710 n. 7th street",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Unknown",
   "phones": [
    "(913) 573-2841"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/Internetdept.aspx?id=2600&menu_id=1024&banner=15284"
   ],
   "emails": [
    "nburns@wycokck.org"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Debbie Pack",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "710 n. 7th street",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
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 ]
}