# JSON API reference

## Boolean OR Search

| Boolean OR Search \[ OR \] ||
|---|---|
| **Description** | The `OR` query term retrieves documents that include one of a series of (two or more) query terms. To use the `OR` query term, you would insert the search term `OR`, in uppercase letters, between each term in the series. You can also use the "as_oq" request parameter (like "as_oq=London+Paris") to submit a search for any term in a set of terms. Note: If a search request specifies the query "London+OR+Paris", the search results will include documents containing at least one of those two words. In some cases, documents in the search results may contain both words. |
| **Examples** | Search for London or Paris: **User input:** `london OR paris` **Query term:** `q=london+OR+paris` Search for vacation and either London or Paris: **Query term:** `q=vacation+london+OR+paris` Search for vacation and one of London, Paris or chocolates: **Query term:** ` q=vacation+london+OR+paris+OR+chocolates` Search for vacation and chocolates and either london or paris, with the least weight being given to chocolates: **Query term:** ` q=vacation+london+OR+paris+chocolates` Search for vacation, chocolates and flowers in documents that also contain either London or Paris: **Query term:** ` q=vacation+london+OR+paris+chocolates+flowers` Search for vacation and one of London or Paris and also search for one of chocolates or flowers: **Query term:** ` q=vacation+london+OR+paris+chocolates+OR+flowers` |

<br />

## Boolean Operators

You may use Boolean operators in values for the following parameters:

- `cr`
- `lr`

Boolean Operator Definitions

Note: You cannot include spaces in parameter values.

| Boolean `AND [.]` ||
|---|---|
| **Description** | The `AND` operator (`.`) returns results that are in the intersection of the collections to either side of the "`.`" operator. |
| **Examples** | This example removes all results that are in either French or Italian: `lr=(-lang_fr).(-lang_it)` |

<br />

| Boolean `NOT [-]` ||
|---|---|
| **Description** | The `NOT` operator (`-`) removes all results that are in the collection immediately following the minus ("`-`") operator. |
| **Examples** | This example removes all results that are in French: `lr=-lang_fr` This example removes all results that are in either French or Italian: `lr=(-lang_fr).(-lang_it)` Note: You may have noticed that the second example above uses the [Boolean AND](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleanandqt) operator to specify that results should not be written in French or Italian. Depending on the placement of [parentheses](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleanparenthesesqt) in your query, you could use either the [Boolean AND](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleanandqt) operator or the [Boolean OR](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleanorqt) operator to express this query. This is because if a document is written in French, then it is *not* written in Italian. Thus, your Boolean statement must express that the document is not written in French *and* the document is not written in Italian. |

<br />

| Boolean `OR [|]` ||
|---|---|
| **Description** | The `OR` operator (`|`) returns results that are in either the collection to the left or the collection to the right of the pipe ("`|`") operator. |
| **Examples** | This example returns all results that are written in either Simplified Chinese or Traditional Chinese: `lr=lang_zh-TW|lang_zh-CN` This example requests all results that are not written in French or Italian; notice that it places [parentheses](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleanparenthesesqt) in a different location than the sample query for the [Boolean AND](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleanandqt) operator: `lr=-(lang_fr|lang_it)` |

<br />

| Boolean Parentheses `[()]` ||
|---|---|
| **Description** | This operator lets you ensure that all terms in the innermost set of parentheses are evaluated before terms outside the parentheses are evaluated. You can use parentheses to adjust the order in which terms are evaluated. |
| **Examples** | The example for the [NOT \[-\]](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleannotqt) operator shows the following construct for request results that are not written in either French or Italian: `lr=(-lang_fr).(-lang_it)` The example for the [OR (\|)](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#booleanorqt) operator also shows a request for results not written in French of Italian. Since the latter example uses the `OR` operator rather than the `AND` operator, it also must change the location of the parentheses: `lr=-(lang_fr|lang_it)` |

## Internationalizing Queries and Results Presentation

The Google WebSearch service enables you to search for documents in
multiple languages. You can specify the character encoding that should
be used to interpret your HTTP request and to encode your response.
You can also filter results to only include documents
written in certain languages.

The following sections discuss issues related to searching in
multiple languages:

- [Interface Languages](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#wsInterfaceLanguages)
- [Simplified and Traditional Chinese
  Search](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#chineseSearch)

### Interface Languages

You can use the "hl" request parameter to
identify the language of your graphical interface. The "hl" parameter value may affect search results, especially on
international queries when language restriction (using the "lr" parameter) is not explicitly specified. In such
cases, the "hl" parameter may promote search results
in the same language as the user's input language.

We suggest you explicitly set the "hl" parameter
in search results to ensure that Google selects the highest quality
search results for each query.

Please see the [Supported Interface
Languages](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#interfaceLanguages) section for a complete list of valid values for the "hl" parameter.

### Simplified and Traditional Chinese Search

Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese are two writing variants
of the Chinese language. The same concept may be written differently in
each variant. Given a query in one of the variants, the Google
WebSearch service can return results that include pages in both
variants.

To use this feature:

1. Set the "c2coff" request parameter to `0`  
   and
2. Do one of the following:
   - Do not set the "lr" request parameter  
     or
   - Set the "lr" request parameter to `lr=lang_zh-TW|lang_zh-CN`

The following example shows the query parameters you would include in a request for results
in both simplified and traditional Chinese. (Note that additional required information, such
as the "client", is not included in the example.)

```
search?hl=zh-CN
    &lr=lang_zh-TW|lang_zh-CN
    &c2coff=0
```

## Filtering Results

Google WebSearch provides a number of ways to filter your search
results:

- [Automatic
  Filtering of Search Results](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#automaticFiltering)
- [Filtering Adult Content with
  SafeSearch](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#safeSearchLevels)

### Automatic Filtering of Search Results

In an effort to provide the best search results possible, Google
uses two techniques to automatically filter search results that are
generally considered undesirable:

- **Duplicate Content**---If multiple documents contain the
  same information, then only the most relevant document of that set is
  included in your search results.

- **Host Crowding** ---If there are many search results from the
  same site, Google may not show all the results from that site or may
  show the results lower in  

  the ranking than they otherwise would have been.

We recommend you leave these filters on for typical search requests
because the filters significantly enhance the quality of most search
results. However, you can bypass these automatic filters by setting the "filter" query parameter to **0** in your
search request.

### Filtering Adult Content with SafeSearch

Many Google customers do not want to display search results for
sites
that contain adult content. Using our SafeSearch filter, you can screen
for search results that contain adult content and eliminate them.
Google's filters use proprietary technology to check keywords, phrases
and URLs. While no filters are 100 percent accurate, SafeSearch will
remove the overwhelming majority of adult content from your search
results.

Google strives to keep SafeSearch as current and comprehensive as
possible by continually crawling the Web and by incorporating updates
from user suggestions.

You can adjust the degree to which Google filters your results for
adult content using the "safe" query parameter.
The following table explains Google's SafeSearch settings and how those
settings will affect your search results:

| SafeSearch Level | Description |
|---|---:|
| high | Enables a stricter version of safe search. |
| medium | Blocks web pages containing pornography and other explicit sexual content. |
| off | Does not filter adult content from search results. |

<br />

**\*** The default SafeSearch setting is **off** .

## International Values

- [Supported Interface Languages](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#interfaceLanguages)
- [Country Collection Values](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#countryCollections)
- [Country Codes](https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/json_api_reference#countryCodes)

### Supported Interface Languages

Google supports more than 80 languages. The default interface
language is English. The following list identifies all of the interface
languages that Google supports.

| Display Language | hl Parameter Value |
|:---|---:|
| Afrikaans | af |
| Albanian | sq |
| Amharic | sm |
| Arabic | ar |
| Azerbaijani | az |
| Basque | eu |
| Belarusian | be |
| Bengali | bn |
| Bihari | bh |
| Bosnian | bs |
| Bulgarian | bg |
| Catalan | ca |
| Chinese (Simplified) | zh-CN |
| Chinese (Traditional) | zh-TW |
| Croatian | hr |
| Czech | cs |
| Danish | da |
| Dutch | nl |
| English | en |
| Esperanto | eo |
| Estonian | et |
| Faroese | fo |
| Finnish | fi |
| French | fr |
| Frisian | fy |
| Galician | gl |
| Georgian | ka |
| German | de |
| Greek | el |
| Gujarati | gu |
| Hebrew | iw |
| Hindi | hi |
| Hungarian | hu |
| Icelandic | is |
| Indonesian | id |
| Interlingua | ia |
| Irish | ga |
| Italian | it |
| Japanese | ja |
| Javanese | jw |
| Kannada | kn |
| Korean | ko |
| Latin | la |
| Latvian | lv |
| Lithuanian | lt |
| Macedonian | mk |
| Malay | ms |
| Malayam | ml |
| Maltese | mt |
| Marathi | mr |
| Nepali | ne |
| Norwegian | no |
| Norwegian (Nynorsk) | nn |
| Occitan | oc |
| Persian | fa |
| Polish | pl |
| Portuguese (Brazil) | pt-BR |
| Portuguese (Portugal) | pt-PT |
| Punjabi | pa |
| Romanian | ro |
| Russian | ru |
| Scots Gaelic | gd |
| Serbian | sr |
| Sinhalese | si |
| Slovak | sk |
| Slovenian | sl |
| Spanish | es |
| Sudanese | su |
| Swahili | sw |
| Swedish | sv |
| Tagalog | tl |
| Tamil | ta |
| Telugu | te |
| Thai | th |
| Tigrinya | ti |
| Turkish | tr |
| Ukrainian | uk |
| Urdu | ur |
| Uzbek | uz |
| Vietnamese | vi |
| Welsh | cy |
| Xhosa | xh |
| Zulu | zu |

<br />

### Country Collection Values

You can use the following values to specify a country filter using
the "cr" query parameter:

| Country | Country Collection Name |
|:---|---|
| Afghanistan | countryAF |
| Albania | countryAL |
| Algeria | countryDZ |
| American Samoa | countryAS |
| Andorra | countryAD |
| Angola | countryAO |
| Anguilla | countryAI |
| Antarctica | countryAQ |
| Antigua and Barbuda | countryAG |
| Argentina | countryAR |
| Armenia | countryAM |
| Aruba | countryAW |
| Australia | countryAU |
| Austria | countryAT |
| Azerbaijan | countryAZ |
| Bahamas | countryBS |
| Bahrain | countryBH |
| Bangladesh | countryBD |
| Barbados | countryBB |
| Belarus | countryBY |
| Belgium | countryBE |
| Belize | countryBZ |
| Benin | countryBJ |
| Bermuda | countryBM |
| Bhutan | countryBT |
| Bolivia | countryBO |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | countryBA |
| Botswana | countryBW |
| Bouvet Island | countryBV |
| Brazil | countryBR |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | countryIO |
| Brunei Darussalam | countryBN |
| Bulgaria | countryBG |
| Burkina Faso | countryBF |
| Burundi | countryBI |
| Cambodia | countryKH |
| Cameroon | countryCM |
| Canada | countryCA |
| Cape Verde | countryCV |
| Cayman Islands | countryKY |
| Central African Republic | countryCF |
| Chad | countryTD |
| Chile | countryCL |
| China | countryCN |
| Christmas Island | countryCX |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | countryCC |
| Colombia | countryCO |
| Comoros | countryKM |
| Congo | countryCG |
| Congo, the Democratic Republic of the | countryCD |
| Cook Islands | countryCK |
| Costa Rica | countryCR |
| Cote D'ivoire | countryCI |
| Croatia (Hrvatska) | countryHR |
| Cuba | countryCU |
| Cyprus | countryCY |
| Czech Republic | countryCZ |
| Denmark | countryDK |
| Djibouti | countryDJ |
| Dominica | countryDM |
| Dominican Republic | countryDO |
| East Timor | countryTP |
| Ecuador | countryEC |
| Egypt | countryEG |
| El Salvador | countrySV |
| Equatorial Guinea | countryGQ |
| Eritrea | countryER |
| Estonia | countryEE |
| Ethiopia | countryET |
| European Union | countryEU |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | countryFK |
| Faroe Islands | countryFO |
| Fiji | countryFJ |
| Finland | countryFI |
| France | countryFR |
| France, Metropolitan | countryFX |
| French Guiana | countryGF |
| French Polynesia | countryPF |
| French Southern Territories | countryTF |
| Gabon | countryGA |
| Gambia | countryGM |
| Georgia | countryGE |
| Germany | countryDE |
| Ghana | countryGH |
| Gibraltar | countryGI |
| Greece | countryGR |
| Greenland | countryGL |
| Grenada | countryGD |
| Guadeloupe | countryGP |
| Guam | countryGU |
| Guatemala | countryGT |
| Guinea | countryGN |
| Guinea-Bissau | countryGW |
| Guyana | countryGY |
| Haiti | countryHT |
| Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands | countryHM |
| Holy See (Vatican City State) | countryVA |
| Honduras | countryHN |
| Hong Kong | countryHK |
| Hungary | countryHU |
| Iceland | countryIS |
| India | countryIN |
| Indonesia | countryID |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | countryIR |
| Iraq | countryIQ |
| Ireland | countryIE |
| Israel | countryIL |
| Italy | countryIT |
| Jamaica | countryJM |
| Japan | countryJP |
| Jordan | countryJO |
| Kazakhstan | countryKZ |
| Kenya | countryKE |
| Kiribati | countryKI |
| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | countryKP |
| Korea, Republic of | countryKR |
| Kuwait | countryKW |
| Kyrgyzstan | countryKG |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | countryLA |
| Latvia | countryLV |
| Lebanon | countryLB |
| Lesotho | countryLS |
| Liberia | countryLR |
| Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | countryLY |
| Liechtenstein | countryLI |
| Lithuania | countryLT |
| Luxembourg | countryLU |
| Macao | countryMO |
| Macedonia, the Former Yugosalv Republic of | countryMK |
| Madagascar | countryMG |
| Malawi | countryMW |
| Malaysia | countryMY |
| Maldives | countryMV |
| Mali | countryML |
| Malta | countryMT |
| Marshall Islands | countryMH |
| Martinique | countryMQ |
| Mauritania | countryMR |
| Mauritius | countryMU |
| Mayotte | countryYT |
| Mexico | countryMX |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | countryFM |
| Moldova, Republic of | countryMD |
| Monaco | countryMC |
| Mongolia | countryMN |
| Montserrat | countryMS |
| Morocco | countryMA |
| Mozambique | countryMZ |
| Myanmar | countryMM |
| Namibia | countryNA |
| Nauru | countryNR |
| Nepal | countryNP |
| Netherlands | countryNL |
| Netherlands Antilles | countryAN |
| New Caledonia | countryNC |
| New Zealand | countryNZ |
| Nicaragua | countryNI |
| Niger | countryNE |
| Nigeria | countryNG |
| Niue | countryNU |
| Norfolk Island | countryNF |
| Northern Mariana Islands | countryMP |
| Norway | countryNO |
| Oman | countryOM |
| Pakistan | countryPK |
| Palau | countryPW |
| Palestinian Territory | countryPS |
| Panama | countryPA |
| Papua New Guinea | countryPG |
| Paraguay | countryPY |
| Peru | countryPE |
| Philippines | countryPH |
| Pitcairn | countryPN |
| Poland | countryPL |
| Portugal | countryPT |
| Puerto Rico | countryPR |
| Qatar | countryQA |
| Reunion | countryRE |
| Romania | countryRO |
| Russian Federation | countryRU |
| Rwanda | countryRW |
| Saint Helena | countrySH |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | countryKN |
| Saint Lucia | countryLC |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | countryPM |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | countryVC |
| Samoa | countryWS |
| San Marino | countrySM |
| Sao Tome and Principe | countryST |
| Saudi Arabia | countrySA |
| Senegal | countrySN |
| Serbia and Montenegro | countryCS |
| Seychelles | countrySC |
| Sierra Leone | countrySL |
| Singapore | countrySG |
| Slovakia | countrySK |
| Slovenia | countrySI |
| Solomon Islands | countrySB |
| Somalia | countrySO |
| South Africa | countryZA |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | countryGS |
| Spain | countryES |
| Sri Lanka | countryLK |
| Sudan | countrySD |
| Suriname | countrySR |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen | countrySJ |
| Swaziland | countrySZ |
| Sweden | countrySE |
| Switzerland | countryCH |
| Syrian Arab Republic | countrySY |
| Taiwan, Province of China | countryTW |
| Tajikistan | countryTJ |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | countryTZ |
| Thailand | countryTH |
| Togo | countryTG |
| Tokelau | countryTK |
| Tonga | countryTO |
| Trinidad and Tobago | countryTT |
| Tunisia | countryTN |
| Turkey | countryTR |
| Turkmenistan | countryTM |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | countryTC |
| Tuvalu | countryTV |
| Uganda | countryUG |
| Ukraine | countryUA |
| United Arab Emirates | countryAE |
| United Kingdom | countryUK |
| United States | countryUS |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands | countryUM |
| Uruguay | countryUY |
| Uzbekistan | countryUZ |
| Vanuatu | countryVU |
| Venezuela | countryVE |
| Vietnam | countryVN |
| Virgin Islands, British | countryVG |
| Virgin Islands, U.S. | countryVI |
| Wallis and Futuna | countryWF |
| Western Sahara | countryEH |
| Yemen | countryYE |
| Yugoslavia | countryYU |
| Zambia | countryZM |
| Zimbabwe | countryZW |

<br />

### Country Codes

The following table lists the two-letter country codes that can be
used as values of the "gl" parameter:

| Country | Country Code |
|---|---:|
| Afghanistan | af |
| Albania | al |
| Algeria | dz |
| American Samoa | as |
| Andorra | ad |
| Angola | ao |
| Anguilla | ai |
| Antarctica | aq |
| Antigua and Barbuda | ag |
| Argentina | ar |
| Armenia | am |
| Aruba | aw |
| Australia | au |
| Austria | at |
| Azerbaijan | az |
| Bahamas | bs |
| Bahrain | bh |
| Bangladesh | bd |
| Barbados | bb |
| Belarus | by |
| Belgium | be |
| Belize | bz |
| Benin | bj |
| Bermuda | bm |
| Bhutan | bt |
| Bolivia | bo |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | ba |
| Botswana | bw |
| Bouvet Island | bv |
| Brazil | br |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | io |
| Brunei Darussalam | bn |
| Bulgaria | bg |
| Burkina Faso | bf |
| Burundi | bi |
| Cambodia | kh |
| Cameroon | cm |
| Canada | ca |
| Cape Verde | cv |
| Cayman Islands | ky |
| Central African Republic | cf |
| Chad | td |
| Chile | cl |
| China | cn |
| Christmas Island | cx |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | cc |
| Colombia | co |
| Comoros | km |
| Congo | cg |
| Congo, the Democratic Republic of the | cd |
| Cook Islands | ck |
| Costa Rica | cr |
| Cote D'ivoire | ci |
| Croatia | hr |
| Cuba | cu |
| Cyprus | cy |
| Czech Republic | cz |
| Denmark | dk |
| Djibouti | dj |
| Dominica | dm |
| Dominican Republic | do |
| Ecuador | ec |
| Egypt | eg |
| El Salvador | sv |
| Equatorial Guinea | gq |
| Eritrea | er |
| Estonia | ee |
| Ethiopia | et |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | fk |
| Faroe Islands | fo |
| Fiji | fj |
| Finland | fi |
| France | fr |
| French Guiana | gf |
| French Polynesia | pf |
| French Southern Territories | tf |
| Gabon | ga |
| Gambia | gm |
| Georgia | ge |
| Germany | de |
| Ghana | gh |
| Gibraltar | gi |
| Greece | gr |
| Greenland | gl |
| Grenada | gd |
| Guadeloupe | gp |
| Guam | gu |
| Guatemala | gt |
| Guinea | gn |
| Guinea-Bissau | gw |
| Guyana | gy |
| Haiti | ht |
| Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands | hm |
| Holy See (Vatican City State) | va |
| Honduras | hn |
| Hong Kong | hk |
| Hungary | hu |
| Iceland | is |
| India | in |
| Indonesia | id |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | ir |
| Iraq | iq |
| Ireland | ie |
| Israel | il |
| Italy | it |
| Jamaica | jm |
| Japan | jp |
| Jordan | jo |
| Kazakhstan | kz |
| Kenya | ke |
| Kiribati | ki |
| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | kp |
| Korea, Republic of | kr |
| Kuwait | kw |
| Kyrgyzstan | kg |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | la |
| Latvia | lv |
| Lebanon | lb |
| Lesotho | ls |
| Liberia | lr |
| Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | ly |
| Liechtenstein | li |
| Lithuania | lt |
| Luxembourg | lu |
| Macao | mo |
| Macedonia, the Former Yugosalv Republic of | mk |
| Madagascar | mg |
| Malawi | mw |
| Malaysia | my |
| Maldives | mv |
| Mali | ml |
| Malta | mt |
| Marshall Islands | mh |
| Martinique | mq |
| Mauritania | mr |
| Mauritius | mu |
| Mayotte | yt |
| Mexico | mx |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | fm |
| Moldova, Republic of | md |
| Monaco | mc |
| Mongolia | mn |
| Montserrat | ms |
| Morocco | ma |
| Mozambique | mz |
| Myanmar | mm |
| Namibia | na |
| Nauru | nr |
| Nepal | np |
| Netherlands | nl |
| Netherlands Antilles | an |
| New Caledonia | nc |
| New Zealand | nz |
| Nicaragua | ni |
| Niger | ne |
| Nigeria | ng |
| Niue | nu |
| Norfolk Island | nf |
| Northern Mariana Islands | mp |
| Norway | no |
| Oman | om |
| Pakistan | pk |
| Palau | pw |
| Palestinian Territory, Occupied | ps |
| Panama | pa |
| Papua New Guinea | pg |
| Paraguay | py |
| Peru | pe |
| Philippines | ph |
| Pitcairn | pn |
| Poland | pl |
| Portugal | pt |
| Puerto Rico | pr |
| Qatar | qa |
| Reunion | re |
| Romania | ro |
| Russian Federation | ru |
| Rwanda | rw |
| Saint Helena | sh |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | kn |
| Saint Lucia | lc |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | pm |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | vc |
| Samoa | ws |
| San Marino | sm |
| Sao Tome and Principe | st |
| Saudi Arabia | sa |
| Senegal | sn |
| Serbia and Montenegro | cs |
| Seychelles | sc |
| Sierra Leone | sl |
| Singapore | sg |
| Slovakia | sk |
| Slovenia | si |
| Solomon Islands | sb |
| Somalia | so |
| South Africa | za |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | gs |
| Spain | es |
| Sri Lanka | lk |
| Sudan | sd |
| Suriname | sr |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen | sj |
| Swaziland | sz |
| Sweden | se |
| Switzerland | ch |
| Syrian Arab Republic | sy |
| Taiwan, Province of China | tw |
| Tajikistan | tj |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | tz |
| Thailand | th |
| Timor-Leste | tl |
| Togo | tg |
| Tokelau | tk |
| Tonga | to |
| Trinidad and Tobago | tt |
| Tunisia | tn |
| Turkey | tr |
| Turkmenistan | tm |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | tc |
| Tuvalu | tv |
| Uganda | ug |
| Ukraine | ua |
| United Arab Emirates | ae |
| United Kingdom | uk |
| United States | us |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands | um |
| Uruguay | uy |
| Uzbekistan | uz |
| Vanuatu | vu |
| Venezuela | ve |
| Viet Nam | vn |
| Virgin Islands, British | vg |
| Virgin Islands, U.S. | vi |
| Wallis and Futuna | wf |
| Western Sahara | eh |
| Yemen | ye |
| Zambia | zm |
| Zimbabwe | zw |