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搭配 Google Data API 使用 Ruby

Jochen Hartmann，Google Data API 團隊
2008 年 4 月

說明
取得並安裝 Ruby
驗證 | 使用 Sheets API
取得工作表
將內容發布至 listFeed
使用 cellFeed 更新內容
結語

簡介

Ruby 是一種動態指令碼語言，近年來因廣受歡迎的 Railing 網站開發架構而備受關注。本文說明如何使用 Ruby 與 Google Data API 服務互動。我們不會將重心放在鐵路，而是為了說明動態消息的基礎 HTTP 指令和結構。此處提供的所有範例都可以從指令列使用 irb (即 Ruby 的互動式殼層) 來跟隨。

如同您對 cURL 文章的瞭解，Google Data API 會使用 Atom 發布通訊協定來代表、建立與更新網頁資源。這個通訊協定的美妙之處在於，標準 HTTP 動詞是用來擬定使用標準 HTTP 狀態碼回應的要求。

在本文中，我們將使用 GET 擷取內容，POST 以上傳新內容，以及 PUT 來更新現有內容。使用 Google Data API 時，您可能會發現某些標準代碼為 200 表示成功擷取動態饋給或項目；201 則代表成功建立或更新資源。如果發生問題 (例如傳送格式錯誤的要求)，系統會傳回 400 代碼 (表示「錯誤要求」)。回應內文中會提供更詳細的訊息，說明問題發生原因。

Ruby 是「Net」模組的一部分，提供完善的偵錯選項。不過，為了簡化這些程式碼範例，我還沒在這裡啟用，

取得並安裝 Ruby

如果您使用的是 Linux，您可以使用大部分的套件管理系統安裝 Ruby。對於其他作業系統，並取得完整的原始碼，請造訪 http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/。Irb：根據預設，我們將安裝這些範例中的互動式殼層。如要按照此處列出的程式碼範例，您必須安裝 XmlSimple，這個小型程式庫可將 XML 剖析至 Ruby 資料結構。如要取得/安裝 XmlSimple，請造訪 http://xml-simple.rubyforge.org/

在電腦上執行 Ruby 副本之後，您可以使用 Net:HTTP 套件向 Google 的資料服務發出基本要求。下列程式碼片段說明如何從 Ruby 的互動式殼層執行必要的匯入作業。我們需要「net/http」套件，剖析 YouTube 上最高評分的影片資訊提供網址，然後執行 HTTP GET 要求。

irb(main):001:0> require 'net/http'
=> true
irb(main):002:0> youtube_top_rated_videos_feed_uri = \
'http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/standardfeeds/top_rated'
=> "http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/standardfeeds/top_rated"
irb(main):003:0> uri = \
URI.parse(youtube_top_rated_videos_feed_uri)
=> #<URI::HTTP:0xfbf826e4 URL:http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/standardfeeds/top_rated>

irb(main):004:0> uri.host
=> "gdata.youtube.com"
irb(main):005:0> Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http|
irb(main):006:1* puts http.get(uri.path)
irb(main):007:1> end
#<Net::HTTPOK:0xf7ef22cc>

該要求應對指令列產生相當大量的 XML。您可能已經注意到，所有項目都包含在 <feed> 元素中，並且稱為 <entry> 元素。我們現在沒擔心 XML 格式，只是想向您說明如何使用 HTTP 提出基本的 Google Data API 要求。我們現在會開始轉換 API 並專注於試算表，因為我們能夠傳送及擷取的資訊較為「指令列友善性」。

驗證 | 使用 Google Sheets API

我們首先會擷取輸入元素的動態饋給。但我們希望這次能與自己合作的試算表一起作業。因此，我們必須先使用「Google 帳戶」服務進行驗證。

您或許還記得，我們在 GData 驗證說明文件中提供了兩種透過 Google 服務進行驗證的方法。AuthSub 適用於網頁式應用程式，簡單來說需要權杖交換程序。AuthSub 的優點在於您的應用程式不需要儲存使用者憑證。ClientLogin 適用於「已安裝」的應用程式。在 ClientLogin 程序中，使用者名稱和密碼會以 https 格式傳送至 Google 的服務，以及用來辨識您想使用之服務的字串。Google Sheets API 服務會以字串「負責」識別。

切換回互動式殼層，讓我們向 Google 進行驗證。請注意，我們是透過 https 傳送驗證要求和憑證：

irb(main):008:0> require 'net/https'
=> true
irb(main):009:0> http = Net::HTTP.new('www.google.com', 443)
=> #<Net::HTTP www.google.com:443 open=false>
irb(main):010:0> http.use_ssl = true
=> true
irb(main):011:0> path = '/accounts/ClientLogin'
=> "/accounts/ClientLogin"

# Now we are passing in our actual authentication data. 
# Please visit OAuth For Installed Apps for more information 
# about the accountType parameter
irb(main):014:0> data = \
irb(main):015:0* 'accountType=HOSTED_OR_GOOGLE&Email=your email' \
irb(main):016:0* '&Passwd=your password' \
irb(main):017:0* '&service=wise'

=> accountType=HOSTED_OR_GOOGLE&Email=your email&Passwd=your password&service=wise"

# Set up a hash for the headers
irb(main):018:0> headers = \
irb(main):019:0* { 'Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
=> {"Content-Type"=>"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}

# Post the request and print out the response to retrieve our authentication token
irb(main):020:0> resp, data = http.post(path, data, headers)
warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session
=> [#<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>, "SID=DQAAAIIAAADgV7j4F-QVQjnxdDRjpslHKC3M ... [ snipping out the rest of the authentication strings ]

# Strip out our actual token (Auth) and store it
irb(main):021:0> cl_string = data[/Auth=(.*)/, 1]
=> "DQAAAIUAAADzL... [ snip ]

# Build our headers hash and add the authorization token
irb(main):022:0> headers["Authorization"] = "GoogleLogin auth=#{cl_string}"
=> "GoogleLogin auth=DQAAAIUAAADzL... [ snip ]

好的。我們已經完成驗證，接下來讓我們使用

http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full

由於這是經過驗證的要求，所以我們也必須傳遞標頭。其實，我們將對各種資訊提供提出多個請求，因此我們也可能會將這項功能納入一個稱為 get_feed 的簡易函式。

# Store the URI to the feed since we may want to use it again
irb(main):023:0> spreadsheets_uri = \
irb(main):024:0* 'http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full'

# Create a simple method to obtain a feed
irb(main):025:0> def get_feed(uri, headers=nil)
irb(main):026:1> uri = URI.parse(uri)
irb(main):027:1> Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http|
irb(main):028:2* return http.get(uri.path, headers)
irb(main):029:2> end
irb(main):030:1> end
=> nil

# Lets make a request and store the response in 'my_spreadsheets'
irb(main):031:0> my_spreadsheets = get_feed(spreadsheets_uri, headers)
=> #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

irb(main):032:0> my_spreadsheets
=> #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

# Examine our XML (showing only an excerpt here...)
irb(main):033:0> my_spreadsheets.body
=> "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/'>
<id>http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full</id><updated>2008-03-20T20:49:39.211Z</updated>
<category scheme='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006' term='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#spreadsheet'/>
<title type='text'>Available Spreadsheets - test.api.jhartmann@gmail.com</title><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://docs.google.com'/>
<link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full?tfe='/>
<openSearch:totalResults>6</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><entry>
<id>http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full/o04927555739056712307.4365563854844943790</id><updated>2008-03-19T20:44:41.055Z</updated><category scheme='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006' term='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#spreadsheet'/><title type='text'>test02</title><content type='text'>test02</content><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#worksheetsfeed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/worksheets/o04927555739056712307.4365563854844943790/private/full'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=o04927555739056712307.4365563854844943790'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full/o04927555739056712307.4365563854844943790'/><author><name>test.api.jhartmann</name><email>test.api.jhartmann@gmail.com</email></author></entry><entry> ...

我們也看到許多已經特別強調的 XML，因為您不必擔心該從指令列解密。為了讓使用者更容易理解，讓我們改用 XmlSimple 將其剖析為資料結構：

# Perform imports
irb(main):034:0> require 'rubygems'
=> true
irb(main):035:0> require 'xmlsimple'
=> true
irb(main):036:0> doc = \
irb(main):037:0* XmlSimple.xml_in(my_spreadsheets.body, 'KeyAttr' => 'name')

# Import the 'pp' module for 'pretty printing'
irb(main):038:0> require 'pp'
=> true

# 'Pretty-print' our XML document
irb(main):039:0> pp doc
{"totalResults"=>["6"],
 "category"=>
  [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#spreadsheet",
    "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
 "title"=>
  [{"type"=>"text",
    "content"=>"Available Spreadsheets - Test-account"}],
 "startIndex"=>["1"],
 "id"=>["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full"],
 "entry"=>
  [{"category"=>
     [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#spreadsheet",
       "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
    "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"blank"}],
    "author"=>
     [{"name"=>["Test-account"],
       "email"=>["my email"]}],
    "id"=>
     ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/spreadsheets/private/full/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738"],
    "content"=>{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"blank"},
    "link"=>
    [ snipping out the rest of the XML ]

取得工作表

如上例所示，我的動態饋給包含 6 個試算表。為了縮短這篇文章的顯示範圍，我們已切斷上述 XML 輸出內容的大部分部分 (以及大多數其他產品資訊)。為了進一步瞭解這份試算表，您必須再執行幾個步驟：

取得試算表金鑰
使用試算表金鑰取得工作表動態饋給
取得我們要使用的工作表 ID
請求 cellFeed 或 listFeed 以存取工作表的實際內容

雖然聽起來很費事，但我會告訴你，只要寫出幾個簡單方法，就能輕鬆完成。cellFeed 和 listFeed 是分別針對工作表實際儲存格內容的兩種不同表示法。listFeed 代表一整排的資訊，建議發布新資料。cellFeed 代表個別儲存格，並用於個別儲存格更新或批次更新至多個個別儲存格 (兩者皆使用 PUT)。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 Google 試算表 API 說明文件。

首先，我們要擷取試算表金鑰 (在上方的 XML 輸出中醒目顯示)，然後取得工作表資訊提供：

# Extract the spreadsheet key from our datastructure
irb(main):040:0> spreadsheet_key = \ 
irb(main):041:0* doc["entry"][0]["id"][0][/full\/(.*)/, 1]
=> "o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738"

# Using our get_feed method, let's obtain the worksheet feed
irb(main):042:0> worksheet_feed_uri = \ 
irb(main):043:0* "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/worksheets/#{spreadsheet_key}/private/full"
=> "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/worksheets/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/private/full"

irb(main):044:0> worksheet_response = get_feed(worksheet_feed_uri, headers)
=> #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

# Parse the XML into a datastructure
irb(main):045:0> worksheet_data = \ 
irb(main):046:0* XmlSimple.xml_in(worksheet_response.body, 'KeyAttr' => 'name')
=> {"totalResults"=>["1"], "category"=>[{"term ... [ snip ]

# And pretty-print it
irb(main):047:0> pp worksheet_data
{"totalResults"=>["1"],
 "category"=>
  [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#worksheet",
    "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
 "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"blank"}],
 "author"=>
  [{"name"=>["test.api.jhartmann"],
    "email"=>["test.api.jhartmann@gmail.com"]}],
 "startIndex"=>["1"],
 "id"=>
  ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/worksheets/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/private/full"],
 "entry"=>
  [{"category"=>
     [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#worksheet",
       "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
    "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"Sheet 1"}],
    "rowCount"=>["100"],
    "colCount"=>["20"],
    "id"=>
     ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/worksheets/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/private/full/od6"],
    "content"=>{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"Sheet 1"},
    "link"=>
     [{"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full",
       "rel"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#listfeed",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"},
      {"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full",
       "rel"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#cellsfeed",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"},
    [ snip: cutting off the rest of the XML ]

如您所見，我們現在已找到存取 listFeed 和 cellFeed 的連結 (highlighted above)。在深入研究 listFeed 之前，我先快速說明範例試算表目前有哪些資料，以便讓您瞭解需要的資訊：

我們的試算表非常簡單，看起來像這樣：

language	網站
java	http://java.com
php	http://php.net

這項資料在 listFeed 中呈現如下：

irb(main):048:0> listfeed_uri = \
irb(main):049:0* worksheet_data["entry"][0]["link"][0]["href"]
=> "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full"

irb(main):050:0> response = get_feed(listfeed_uri, headers)
=> #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
irb(main):051:0> listfeed_doc = \ 
irb(main):052:0* XmlSimple.xml_in(response.body, 'KeyAttr' => 'name')
=> {"totalResults"=>["2"], "category"=>[{"term" ... [ snip ]

# Again we parse the XML and then pretty print it
irb(main):053:0> pp listfeed_doc
{"totalResults"=>["2"],
 "category"=>
  [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#list",
    "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
 "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"Programming language links"}],
 "author"=>
  [{"name"=>["test.api.jhartmann"],
    "email"=>["test.api.jhartmann@gmail.com"]}],
 "startIndex"=>["1"],
 "id"=>
  ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full"],
 "entry"=>
  [{"category"=>
     [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#list",
       "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
    "language"=>["java"],
    "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"ruby"}],
    "website"=>["http://java.com"],
    "id"=>
     ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cn6ca"],
    "content"=>
     {"type"=>"text", "content"=>"website: http://java.com"},
    "link"=>
     [{"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cn6ca",
       "rel"=>"self",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"},
      {"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cn6ca/1j81anl6096",
       "rel"=>"edit",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"}],
    "updated"=>["2008-03-20T22:19:51.739Z"]},
   {"category"=>
     [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#list",
       "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
    "language"=>["php"],
    "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"php"}],
    "website"=>["http://php.net"],
    "id"=>
     ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cokwr"],
    "content"=>{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"website: http://php.net"},
    [ snip ]

如您所見，listFeed 會為每個資料列建立項目，藉此傳回工作表的內容。假設試算表的第一列包含儲存格標題，然後根據該列中的資料動態產生 XML 標頭。查看實際的 XML 會進一步說明這一點：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><feed [ snip namespaces ]>
<id>http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full</id>
<updated>2008-03-20T22:19:51.739Z</updated>
<category scheme='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006' term='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#list'/>

<title type='text'>Programming language links</title>
[ snip: cutting out links and author information ]
<entry>
    <id>http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cn6ca</id>
    [ snip: updated and category ]
    <title type='text'>java</title>
    <content type='text'>website: http://java.com</content>
    <link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cn6ca'/>
    <link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cn6ca/1j81anl6096'/>
    <gsx:language>java</gsx:language>
    <gsx:website>http://java.com</gsx:website>
</entry>
<entry>
    <id>http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cokwr</id>
    [ snip: updated and category ]
    <title type='text'>php</title>
    <content type='text'>website: http://php.net</content>
    <link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cokwr'/>
    <link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/cokwr/41677fi0nc'/>
    <gsx:language>php</gsx:language>
    <gsx:website>http://php.net</gsx:website>
</entry>
</feed>

為了快速比較，讓我們看看儲存格資訊提供中相同的資訊：

# Extract the cellfeed link
irb(main):054:0> cellfeed_uri = \
irb(main):055:0* worksheet_data["entry"][0]["link"][1]["href"]
=> "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full"
irb(main):056:0> response = \ 
irb(main):057:0* get_feed(cellfeed_uri, headers)
=> #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

# Parse into datastructure and print
irb(main):058:0> cellfeed_doc = \ 
irb(main):059:0* XmlSimple.xml_in(response.body, 'KeyAttr' => 'name')
=> {"totalResults"=>["6"], [ snip ]

irb(main):060:0> pp cellfeed_doc
{"totalResults"=>["6"],
 "category"=>
  [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#cell",
    "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
 "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"Programming language links"}],
 "rowCount"=>["101"],
 "colCount"=>["20"],
 "author"=>
  [{"name"=>["test.api.jhartmann"],
    "email"=>["test.api.jhartmann@gmail.com"]}],
 "startIndex"=>["1"],
 "id"=>
  ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full"],
 "entry"=>
  [{"category"=>
     [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#cell",
       "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
    "cell"=>
     [{"col"=>"1",
       "row"=>"1",
       "content"=>"language",
       "inputValue"=>"language"}],
    "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"A1"}],
    "id"=>
     ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R1C1"],
    "content"=>{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"language"},
    "link"=>
     [{"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R1C1",
       "rel"=>"self",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"},
      {"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R1C1/8srvbs",
       "rel"=>"edit",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"}],
    "updated"=>["2008-03-20T22:19:51.739Z"]},
    [ snip ]

如您所見，系統會傳回 6 個項目，每個儲存格代表一個項目。我已經關閉了儲存格 A1 的值以外的所有其他輸出內容 (包含「language」這個字詞)。另請注意，上述的編輯連結。這個連結的結尾包含版本字串 (8srvbs)。更新本文時，版本字串非常重要，因為我們在本文結尾處會這麼做。以確保更新不會遭到覆寫。每當您要更新儲存格資料的 PUT 要求，都必須在要求中加入儲存格的最新版本字串。系統會在每次更新後傳回新的版本字串。

將內容發布至 listFeed

我們要發布內容的第一步就是 listFeed 的 POST 連結。收到清單資訊提供的要求時，系統將傳回這個連結。其中包含網址 http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#post 做為 rel 屬性的值。您必須剖析此連結元素並擷取其 href 屬性。首先，我們將建立一種簡易的方式，讓張貼文章變得更簡單：

irb(main):061:0> def post(uri, data, headers)
irb(main):062:1> uri = URI.parse(uri)
irb(main):063:1> http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
irb(main):064:1> return http.post(uri.path, data, headers)
irb(main):065:1> end
=> nil
# Set up our POST url
irb(main):066:0> post_url = \ 
irb(main):067:0* "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full"
=> "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full"

# We must use 'application/atom+xml' as MIME type so let's change our headers 
# which were still set to 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' when we sent our 
# ClientLogin information over https
irb(main):068:0> headers["Content-Type"] = "application/atom+xml"
=> "application/atom+xml"

# Setting up our data to post, using proper namespaces
irb(main):069:0> new_row = \ 
irb(main):070:0* '<atom:entry xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">' << 
irb(main):071:0* '<gsx:language xmlns:gsx="http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006/extended">' <<
irb(main):072:0* 'ruby</gsx:language>' << 
irb(main):073:0* '<gsx:website xmlns:gsx="http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006/extended">' <<
irb(main):074:0* 'http://ruby-lang.org</gsx:website>' << 
irb(main):075:0* '</atom:entry>'
=> "<atom:entry xmlns:atom=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom\"><gsx:language ... [ snip ] 

# Performing the post
irb(main):076:0> post_response = post(post_url, new_row, headers) 
=> #<Net::HTTPCreated 201 Created readbody=true>

201 狀態表示我們的訊息已成功張貼。

使用 cellFeed 更新內容

從說明文件可看出，儲存格動態饋給偏好使用現有的 PUT 要求。不過，由於我們先前擷取的儲存格動態饋給資訊只是實際已提供的資料，所以該如何新增資訊？我們只需針對您要輸入資料的每一個空白儲存格提出請求。下面的程式碼片段展示瞭如何檢索空電元 R5C1（第 5 行，第 1 列），我後為了為它插入插入有為 Python 程式設計語言的信息。

原始變數 cellfeed_uri 只包含儲存格動態饋給本身的 URI。現在，要附加想要編輯的儲存格，並取得該儲存格的版本字串，以便進行編輯。

# Set our query URI
irb(main):077:0> cellfeed_query = cellfeed_uri + '/R5C1'
=> "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R5C1"

# Request the information to extract the edit link
irb(main):078:0> cellfeed_data = get_feed(cellfeed_query, headers)
=> #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>
irb(main):079:0> cellfeed_data.body
=> "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<entry xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:gs='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006' xmlns:batch='http://schemas.google.com/gdata/batch'>
<id>http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R5C1</id>
<updated>2008-03-24T21:55:36.462Z</updated>
<category scheme='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006' term='http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#cell'/>
<title type='text'>A5</title>
<content type='text'>
</content>
<link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R5C1'/>
<link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R5C1/47pc'/>
<gs:cell row='5' col='1' inputValue=''>
</gs:cell>
</entry>"

如上述程式碼資訊所示，版本字串為 47pc。(你可能需要捲動到最右側)。為了簡化工作，讓我們建立一個便利的方法，取得我們感興趣的任何儲存格的版本字串：

irb(main):080:0> def get_version_string(uri, headers=nil)
irb(main):081:1> response = get_feed(uri, headers)
irb(main):082:1> require 'rexml/document'
irb(main):083:1> xml = REXML::Document.new response.body
irb(main):084:1> edit_link = REXML::XPath.first(xml, '//[@rel="edit"]')
irb(main):085:1> edit_link_href = edit_link.attribute('href').to_s
irb(main):086:1> return edit_link_href.split(/\//)[10]
irb(main):087:1> end
=> nil

# A quick test
irb(main):088:0> puts get_version_string(cellfeed_query, headers)
47pc
=> nil

在此處，我們也可以撰寫一種方法來執行 PUT 要求，或是更好的方式，讓我們編寫一個執行整個批次更新的方法。我們的函式將接受含有以下變數的雜湊陣列：

:batch_id - 批次要求中每個片段的專屬 ID。
:cell_id - 要以 R#C# 格式更新的儲存格 ID，儲存格 A1 會以 R1C1 表示。
:data - 我們需要插入的資料。

irb(main):088:0> def batch_update(batch_data, cellfeed_uri, headers)
irb(main):089:1> batch_uri = cellfeed_uri + '/batch'
irb(main):090:1> batch_request = <<FEED
irb(main):091:1" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> \
irb(main):092:1" <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" \
irb(main):093:1" xmlns:batch="http://schemas.google.com/gdata/batch" \
irb(main):094:1" xmlns:gs="http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006" \
irb(main):095:1" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005">
irb(main):096:1" <id>#{cellfeed_uri}</id>
irb(main):097:1" FEED
irb(main):098:1> batch_data.each do |batch_request_data|
irb(main):099:2* version_string = get_version_string(cellfeed_uri + '/' + batch_request_data[:cell_id], headers)
irb(main):100:2> data = batch_request_data[:data]
irb(main):101:2> batch_id = batch_request_data[:batch_id]
irb(main):102:2> cell_id = batch_request_data[:cell_id]
irb(main):103:2> row = batch_request_data[:cell_id][1,1]
irb(main):104:2> column = batch_request_data[:cell_id][3,1]
irb(main):105:2> edit_link = cellfeed_uri + '/' + cell_id + '/' + version_string
irb(main):106:2> batch_request<< <<ENTRY
irb(main):107:2" <entry>
irb(main):108:2" <gs:cell col="#{column}" inputValue="#{data}" row="#{row}"/>
irb(main):109:2" <batch:id>#{batch_id}</batch:id>
irb(main):110:2" <batch:operation type="update" />
irb(main):111:2" <id>#{cellfeed_uri}/#{cell_id}</id>
irb(main):112:2" <link href="#{edit_link}" rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" />
irb(main):113:2" </entry>
irb(main):114:2" ENTRY
irb(main):115:2> end
irb(main):116:1> batch_request << '</feed>'
irb(main):117:1> return post(batch_uri, batch_request, headers)
irb(main):118:1> end
=> nil

# Our sample batch data to insert information about the Python programming language into our worksheet
irb(main):119:0> batch_data = [ \
irb(main):120:0* {:batch_id => 'A', :cell_id => 'R5C1', :data => 'Python'}, \ 
irb(main):121:0* {:batch_id => 'B', :cell_id => 'R5C2', :data => 'http://python.org' } ]
=> [{:cell_id=>"R5C1", :data=>"Python", :batch_id=>"A"}=>{:cell_id=>"R5C2", :data=>"http://python.org", :batch_id=>"B"}]

# Perform the update
irb(main):122:0> response = batch_update(batch_data, cellfeed_uri, headers)
=> #<Net::HTTPOK 200 OK readbody=true>

# Parse the response.body XML and print it
irb(main):123:0> response_xml = XmlSimple.xml_in(response.body, 'KeyAttr' => 'name')
=> [ snip ]

irb(main):124:0> pp response_xml
{"title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"Batch Feed"}],
 "xmlns:atom"=>"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom",
 "id"=>
  ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full"],
 "entry"=>
  [{"status"=>[{"code"=>"200", "reason"=>"Success"}],
    "category"=>
     [{"term"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006#cell",
       "scheme"=>"http://schemas.google.com/spreadsheets/2006"}],
    "cell"=>
     [{"col"=>"1", "row"=>"5", "content"=>"Python", "inputValue"=>"Python"}],
    "title"=>[{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"A5"}],
    "id"=>
     ["http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R5C1",
      "A"],
    "operation"=>[{"type"=>"update"}],
    "content"=>{"type"=>"text", "content"=>"Python"},
    "link"=>
     [{"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R5C1",
       "rel"=>"self",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"},
      {"href"=>
        "http://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/o04927555739056712307.3387874275736238738/od6/private/full/R5C1/49kwzg",
       "rel"=>"edit",
       "type"=>"application/atom+xml"}],
    "updated"=>["2008-03-27T15:48:48.470Z"]},
    [ snip ]

如您所見，我們收到 200 OK 回應代碼後，就已經成功處理批次要求。在剖析回應 XML 之後，我們發現在 response_data 陣列中設定的每個 :batch_id 都會傳回個別的訊息。如要進一步瞭解批次處理作業，請參閱 GData 的批次處理說明文件。

結語

如您所見，使用 Ruby 的互動式殼層即可輕鬆使用 Google Data API。我們能夠使用 listFeed 和 cellFeed 來存取試算表和工作表。此外，我們也使用 POST 要求插入了一些新資料，然後編寫了用於執行批次更新 (只有大約 120 行程式碼) 的批次方法。此時，要輕鬆將一些簡單的方法包裝成類別，並且建構可重複使用的架構。

如果對於透過您喜愛的 Google Data API 使用這些工具有任何問題，歡迎加入討論群組。

如要查看包含上述程式碼範例的類別檔案，請前往 http://code.google.com/p/google-data-samples-ruby

請討論本文！