在 Google 資料通訊協定中使用 JSON
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警告：本頁面說明 Google 的舊版 API (即 Google Data API)；該 API 只與 Google Data API 目錄中列出的 API 相關，其中許多 API 已由新版 API 取代。如需特定新的 API 的相關資訊，請參閱新 API 的說明文件。如要瞭解如何使用新版 API 授權要求，請參閱 Google 帳戶驗證與授權。
本文涵蓋 JSON 在 Google 資料通訊協定中使用的 JSON。如要進一步瞭解這項通訊協定，請參閱開發人員指南。
您可以使用任何程式設計語言的 JSON，但本文件中的範例是以 JavaScript 編寫而成。
關於 JSON 資訊提供和 XML 資訊提供
Google Data 服務運用以下規則轉換 XML 資訊提供，藉此建立 JSON 格式的資訊提供：
Basic
- 動態饋給會以 JSON 物件表示；每個巢狀元素或屬性都以物件的名稱/值屬性表示。
- 屬性會轉換為字串屬性。
- 子項元素會轉換為物件屬性。
- 可能出現多次的元素會轉換為陣列屬性。
- 標記的文字值會轉換為
$t 屬性。
命名空間
- 如果元素具有命名空間別名，則別名和元素會使用「$」串連。例如，
ns:element 會變成 ns$element。
XML
- XML 版本和編碼屬性會分別轉換為根元素的版本和編碼屬性。
以下為相同動態饋給的 XML 與 JSON 版本範例。這些分頁會以分頁顯示，方便您進行比較。
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/"
xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005"
xmlns:gCal="http://schemas.google.com/gCal/2005">
<id>...</id>
<updated>2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z</updated>
<title type="text">Google Developer Events</title>
<subtitle type="text">The calendar contains information about upcoming
developer conferences at which Google will be speaking, along with
other developer-related events.</subtitle>
<link rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed"
type="application/atom+xml" href="..." />
<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="..." />
<author>
<name>Google Developer Calendar</name>
<email>developer-calendar@google.com</email>
</author>
<generator version="1.0"
uri="http://www.google.com/calendar">Google Calendar</generator>
<openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex>
<openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage>
<gCal:timezone value="America/Los_Angeles" />
<entry>
<id>...</id>
<published>2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z</published>
<updated>2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z</updated>
<category scheme="..." term="..." />
<title type="text">WebmasterWorld PubCon 2006:
Google Developer Tools in General</title>
<content type="text">Google is sponsoring at
<a href="http://www.pubcon.com/">WebmasterWorld PubCon 2006</a>. Come and
visit us at the booth or join us for an evening demo reception where we
will be talking "5 ways to enhance your website with Google Code".
After all, it is Vegas, baby! See you soon.</content>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="..." title="alternate" />
<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="..." />
<author>
<name>Google Developer Calendar</name>
<email>developer-calendar@google.com</email>
</author>
<gCal:sendEventNotifications value="true" />
<gd:comments>
<gd:feedLink href="..." />
</gd:comments>
<gd:transparency value="..." />
<gd:eventStatus value="..." />
<gd:where valueString="3150 Paradise Road, Las Vegas, NV 89109" />
<gd:when startTime="2006-11-15" endTime="2006-11-17">
<gd:reminder minutes="10" />
</gd:when>
</entry>
...
</feed>
JSON
{
"version": "1.0",
"encoding": "UTF-8",
"feed": {
"xmlns": "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom",
"xmlns$openSearch": "http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/",
"xmlns$gd": "http://schemas.google.com/g/2005",
"xmlns$gCal": "http://schemas.google.com/gCal/2005",
"id": {"$t": "..."},
"updated": {"$t": "2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z"},
"title": {
"type": "text",
"$t": "Google Developer Events"
},
"subtitle": {
"type": "text",
"$t": "The calendar contains information about upcoming developer
conferences at which Google will be speaking, along with other
developer-related events."
},
"link": [{
"rel": "...",
"type": "application/atom+xml",
"href": "..."
},{
"rel": "self",
"type": "application/atom+xml",
"href": "..."
}],
"author": [{
"name": {"$t": "Google Developer Calendar"},
"email": {"$t": "developer-calendar@google.com"}
}],
"generator":{
"version": "1.0",
"uri": "http://www.google.com/calendar",
"$t": "Google Calendar"
},
"openSearch$startIndex": {"$t": "1"},
"openSearch$itemsPerPage": {"$t": "25"},
"gCal$timezone": {"value": "America/Los_Angeles"},
"entry": [{
"id": {"$t": "..."},
"published": {"$t": "2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z"},
"updated": {"$t": "2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z"},
"category": [{
"scheme": "...",
"term": "..."
}],
"title":{
"type": "text",
"$t": "WebmasterWorld PubCon 2006: Google Developer Tools in General"
},
"content": {
"type": "text",
"$t": "Google is sponsoring at
<a href="http://www.pubcon.com/">WebmasterWorld PubCon 2006</a>.
\nCome and visit us at the booth or join us for an evening demo
reception where we will be talking "5 ways to enhance your website
with Google Code".\nAfter all,\nit is Vegas, baby! See you soon."
},
"link": [{
"rel": "alternate",
"type": "text/html",
"href": "...",
"title": "alternate"
},{
"rel": "self",
"type": "application/atom+xml",
"href": "..."
}],
"author": [{
"name": {"$t": "Google Developer Calendar"},
"email": {"$t": "developer-calendar@google.com"}
}],
"gd$transparency": {"value": "http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#event.opaque"},
"gd$eventStatus": {"value": "http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#event.confirmed"},
"gd$comments": {"gd$feedLink": {"href": "..."}},
"gCal$sendEventNotifications": {"value": "true"},
"gd$when": [{
"startTime": "2006-11-15",
"endTime": "2006-11-17",
"gd$reminder": [{"minutes": "10"}]
}],
"gd$where": [{"valueString": "3150 Paradise Road,Las Vegas,NV 89109"}]},
}]
}
}
要求和使用 JSON 資訊提供
Atom 是 Google 資料的預設格式。如果您未在要求中指定 alt 參數，您就會收到 Atom 資訊提供。
注意：Google Data 用戶端程式庫目前不支援 JSON。
JSON 輸出
如要要求 JSON 格式的回應，請使用 alt=json 參數。
例如，若要要求使用 JSON 格式的 Google 開發人員日曆資訊提供，請傳送以下查詢：
http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/developer-calendar@google.com/public/full?alt=json
JSON 指令碼內輸出結果
如要要求在 JSON 指令碼中納入 JSON 回應，請使用 alt=json-in-script 參數並新增 callback=functionName 參數來新增回呼函式。
http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/developer-calendar@google.com/public/full?alt=json-in-script&callback=myFunction
使用回呼函式可讓您解決在一般用戶端 JavaScript 中，可能會遇到的一些跨網域安全性問題。一般來說，瀏覽器可能會因為安全風險和可能的跨網域攻擊，導致各網域無法載入檔案。
JSON-in-script 格式可讓您在用戶端的指令碼標記中載入回應，以克服這些限制。也就是說，您可以在網頁上的 JavaScript 程式碼中其他位置使用回應。網頁載入時，系統會載入 JSON 輸出結果，因此不需要任何其他技巧。
下方的簡單工作應用程式可展現這項技巧：
<h3>Upcoming Google Developer Events</h3>
<div id="agenda"></div>
<script>
function listEvents(root) {
var feed = root.feed;
var entries = feed.entry || [];
var html = ['<ul>'];
for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
var entry = entries[i];
var title = (entry.title.type == 'html') ? entry.title.$t : escape(entry.title.$t);
var start = (entry['gd$when']) ? entry['gd$when'][0].startTime : "";
html.push('<li>', start, ' ', title, '</li>');
}
html.push('</ul>');
document.getElementById("agenda").innerHTML = html.join("");
}
</script>
<script src="http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/developer-calendar@google.com/public/full?alt=json-in-script&callback=listEvents">
</script>
範例
如需如何將 JSON 與 Google Data API 搭配使用的範例，請參閱範例頁面。
其他資源
建議您參考幾種外部資源，進一步瞭解 JSON，以及如何在網路應用程式中使用 JSON。
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除非另有註明，否則本頁面中的內容是採用創用 CC 姓名標示 4.0 授權，程式碼範例則為阿帕契 2.0 授權。詳情請參閱《Google Developers 網站政策》。Java 是 Oracle 和/或其關聯企業的註冊商標。
上次更新時間：2023-03-01 (世界標準時間)。
[null,null,["上次更新時間：2023-03-01 (世界標準時間)。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis document explains how to use JSON with the older Google Data APIs to request and utilize data feeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eGoogle Data services can provide data in JSON format by converting XML feeds using specific rules for elements, attributes, and namespaces.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo request JSON output, use the \u003ccode\u003ealt=json\u003c/code\u003e parameter in your API request URL.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eFor JSON wrapped in a script tag (useful for cross-domain requests), use \u003ccode\u003ealt=json-in-script\u003c/code\u003e and a callback function with \u003ccode\u003ecallback=*functionName*\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe provided JavaScript example demonstrates fetching and displaying Google Calendar event data using JSON-in-script.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Using JSON in the Google Data Protocol\n\n**Warning** : This page is about Google's older APIs, the Google Data APIs; it's relevant only to the APIs that are listed in the [Google Data APIs directory](/gdata/docs/directory), many of which have been replaced with newer APIs. For information about a specific new API, see the new API's documentation. For information about authorizing requests with a newer API, see [Google Accounts Authentication and Authorization](/accounts).\n\nThis article covers JSON as it is used within the Google Data Protocol. For more\ninformation about the protocol, view the [Developer's Guide](/gdata/docs/developers-guide).\n\nYou can use JSON with any programming language, but the examples in this document are in JavaScript.\n\nAbout JSON feeds and XML feeds\n==============================\n\nA Google Data service creates a JSON-format feed by converting the XML feed using the following rules:\n\n**Basic**\n\n- The feed is represented as a JSON object; each nested element or attribute is represented as a name/value property of the object.\n- Attributes are converted to String properties.\n- Child elements are converted to Object properties.\n- Elements that may appear more than once are converted to Array properties.\n- Text values of tags are converted to `$t` properties.\n\n**Namespace**\n\n- If an element has a namespace alias, the alias and element are concatenated using \"$\". For example, `ns:element` becomes `ns$element`.\n\n**XML**\n\n- XML version and encoding attributes are converted to version and encoding attributes of the root element, respectively.\n\nThe following example shows XML and JSON versions of the same feed. They are tabbed to provide easy comparison. \n\n### XML\n\n```\n\u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" ?\u003e\n\u003cfeed xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom\"\n xmlns:openSearch=\"http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/\"\n xmlns:gd=\"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005\"\n xmlns:gCal=\"http://schemas.google.com/gCal/2005\"\u003e\n \u003cid\u003e...\u003c/id\u003e\n \u003cupdated\u003e2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z\u003c/updated\u003e\n \u003ctitle type=\"text\"\u003eGoogle Developer Events\u003c/title\u003e\n \u003csubtitle type=\"text\"\u003eThe calendar contains information about upcoming\n developer conferences at which Google will be speaking, along with\n other developer-related events.\u003c/subtitle\u003e\n \u003clink rel=\"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed\"\n type=\"application/atom+xml\" href=\"...\" /\u003e\n \u003clink rel=\"self\" type=\"application/atom+xml\" href=\"...\" /\u003e\n \u003cauthor\u003e\n \u003cname\u003eGoogle Developer Calendar\u003c/name\u003e\n \u003cemail\u003edeveloper-calendar@google.com\u003c/email\u003e\n \u003c/author\u003e\n \u003cgenerator version=\"1.0\"\n uri=\"http://www.google.com/calendar\"\u003eGoogle Calendar\u003c/generator\u003e\n \u003copenSearch:startIndex\u003e1\u003c/openSearch:startIndex\u003e\n \u003copenSearch:itemsPerPage\u003e25\u003c/openSearch:itemsPerPage\u003e\n \u003cgCal:timezone value=\"America/Los_Angeles\" /\u003e\n \n \u003centry\u003e\n \u003cid\u003e...\u003c/id\u003e\n \u003cpublished\u003e2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z\u003c/published\u003e\n \u003cupdated\u003e2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z\u003c/updated\u003e\n \u003ccategory scheme=\"...\" term=\"...\" /\u003e\n \u003ctitle type=\"text\"\u003eWebmasterWorld PubCon 2006:\n Google Developer Tools in General\u003c/title\u003e\n \u003ccontent type=\"text\"\u003eGoogle is sponsoring at \n \u003ca href=\"http://www.pubcon.com/\"\u003eWebmasterWorld PubCon 2006\u003c/a\u003e. Come and\n visit us at the booth or join us for an evening demo reception where we\n will be talking \"5 ways to enhance your website with Google Code\". \n After all, it is Vegas, baby! See you soon.\u003c/content\u003e\n \u003clink rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/html\" href=\"...\" title=\"alternate\" /\u003e\n \u003clink rel=\"self\" type=\"application/atom+xml\" href=\"...\" /\u003e\n \u003cauthor\u003e\n \u003cname\u003eGoogle Developer Calendar\u003c/name\u003e\n \u003cemail\u003edeveloper-calendar@google.com\u003c/email\u003e\n \u003c/author\u003e\n \u003cgCal:sendEventNotifications value=\"true\" /\u003e\n \u003cgd:comments\u003e\n \u003cgd:feedLink href=\"...\" /\u003e\n \u003c/gd:comments\u003e\n \u003cgd:transparency value=\"...\" /\u003e\n \u003cgd:eventStatus value=\"...\" /\u003e\n \u003cgd:where valueString=\"3150 Paradise Road, Las Vegas, NV 89109\" /\u003e\n \u003cgd:when startTime=\"2006-11-15\" endTime=\"2006-11-17\"\u003e\n \u003cgd:reminder minutes=\"10\" /\u003e\n \u003c/gd:when\u003e\n \u003c/entry\u003e\n ...\n\u003c/feed\u003e\n \n```\n\n### JSON\n\n```\n{\n \"version\": \"1.0\",\n \"encoding\": \"UTF-8\",\n \"feed\": {\n \"xmlns\": \"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom\",\n \"xmlns$openSearch\": \"http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/\",\n \"xmlns$gd\": \"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005\",\n \"xmlns$gCal\": \"http://schemas.google.com/gCal/2005\",\n \"id\": {\"$t\": \"...\"},\n \"updated\": {\"$t\": \"2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z\"},\n \"title\": {\n \"type\": \"text\",\n \"$t\": \"Google Developer Events\"\n },\n \"subtitle\": {\n \"type\": \"text\",\n \"$t\": \"The calendar contains information about upcoming developer \n conferences at which Google will be speaking, along with other \n developer-related events.\"\n },\n \"link\": [{\n \"rel\": \"...\",\n \"type\": \"application/atom+xml\",\n \"href\": \"...\"\n },{\n \"rel\": \"self\",\n \"type\": \"application/atom+xml\",\n \"href\": \"...\"\n }],\n \"author\": [{\n \"name\": {\"$t\": \"Google Developer Calendar\"},\n \"email\": {\"$t\": \"developer-calendar@google.com\"}\n }],\n \"generator\":{\n \"version\": \"1.0\",\n \"uri\": \"http://www.google.com/calendar\",\n \"$t\": \"Google Calendar\"\n },\n \"openSearch$startIndex\": {\"$t\": \"1\"},\n \"openSearch$itemsPerPage\": {\"$t\": \"25\"},\n \"gCal$timezone\": {\"value\": \"America/Los_Angeles\"},\n\n \"entry\": [{\n \"id\": {\"$t\": \"...\"},\n \"published\": {\"$t\": \"2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z\"},\n \"updated\": {\"$t\": \"2006-11-12T21:25:30.000Z\"},\n \"category\": [{\n \"scheme\": \"...\",\n \"term\": \"...\"\n }],\n \"title\":{\n \"type\": \"text\",\n \"$t\": \"WebmasterWorld PubCon 2006: Google Developer Tools in General\"\n },\n \"content\": {\n \"type\": \"text\",\n \"$t\": \"Google is sponsoring at\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.pubcon.com/\"\u003eWebmasterWorld PubCon 2006\u003c/a\u003e.\n \\nCome and visit us at the booth or join us for an evening demo\n reception where we will be talking \"5 ways to enhance your website\n with Google Code\".\\nAfter all,\\nit is Vegas, baby! See you soon.\"\n },\n \"link\": [{\n \"rel\": \"alternate\",\n \"type\": \"text/html\",\n \"href\": \"...\",\n \"title\": \"alternate\"\n },{\n \"rel\": \"self\",\n \"type\": \"application/atom+xml\",\n\t \"href\": \"...\"\n }],\n \"author\": [{\n \"name\": {\"$t\": \"Google Developer Calendar\"},\n \"email\": {\"$t\": \"developer-calendar@google.com\"}\n }],\n \"gd$transparency\": {\"value\": \"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#event.opaque\"},\n \"gd$eventStatus\": {\"value\": \"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#event.confirmed\"},\n \"gd$comments\": {\"gd$feedLink\": {\"href\": \"...\"}},\n \"gCal$sendEventNotifications\": {\"value\": \"true\"},\n \"gd$when\": [{\n \"startTime\": \"2006-11-15\",\n \"endTime\": \"2006-11-17\",\n \"gd$reminder\": [{\"minutes\": \"10\"}]\n }],\n \"gd$where\": [{\"valueString\": \"3150 Paradise Road,Las Vegas,NV 89109\"}]},\n }]\n }\n}\n```\n\nRequesting and using JSON feeds\n===============================\n\nAtom is Google Data's default format. If you don't specify an `alt` parameter in\nyour request, then you receive an Atom feed.\n\n**Note**: The Google Data client libraries don't currently support JSON.\n\n### JSON output\n\nTo request a response in JSON format, use the `alt=json` parameter.\n\nFor example, to request Google's developer calendar feed in JSON format, send the following query: \n\n```\nhttp://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/developer-calendar@google.com/public/full?alt=json\n```\n\n### JSON-in-script output\n\nTo request a response that wraps JSON in a script tag, use the `alt=json-in-script`\nparameter and add a callback function by adding the `callback=`*functionName* parameter. \n\n```\nhttp://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/developer-calendar@google.com/public/full?alt=json-in-script&callback=myFunction\n```\n\nUsing callback functions allows you get around some of the cross-domain\nsecurity issues you might encounter in typical client side JavaScript. Usually\nbrowsers prevent you from loading files across domains because of potential\nsecurity holes and the cross domain attacks that could result.\n\nThe JSON-in-script format allows you to get around these restrictions by\nloading the response in a script tag on the client. This means that you\ncan use the response in other places in your JavaScript code on that page.\nThe JSON output is loaded when the page is loaded; no other tricks are needed.\n\nThe simple working application below demonstrates this technique: \n\n```\n\u003ch3\u003eUpcoming Google Developer Events\u003c/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"agenda\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003cscript\u003e\n function listEvents(root) {\n var feed = root.feed;\n var entries = feed.entry || [];\n var html = ['\u003cul\u003e'];\n\n for (var i = 0; i \u003c entries.length; ++i) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var title = (entry.title.type == 'html') ? entry.title.$t : escape(entry.title.$t);\n var start = (entry['gd$when']) ? entry['gd$when'][0].startTime : \"\";\t\n\n html.push('\u003cli\u003e', start, ' ', title, '\u003c/li\u003e');\n }\n\n html.push('\u003c/ul\u003e');\n document.getElementById(\"agenda\").innerHTML = html.join(\"\");\n }\n\u003c/script\u003e\n\n\u003cscript src=\"http://www.google.com/calendar/feeds/developer-calendar@google.com/public/full?alt=json-in-script&callback=listEvents\"\u003e\n\u003c/script\u003e\n```\n\nSamples\n=======\n\nFor working examples of how to use JSON with the Google Data APIs, see the [samples](/gdata/samples) page.\n\nAdditional resources\n====================\n\nThere are several external resources that you may want to check out to learn more about JSON and using JSON in web applications.\n\n- [JSON.org](http://www.json.org/)\n- [Wikipedia entry on JSON](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON)\n- [JSON: The Fat Free Alternative\n to XML](http://www.json.org/xml.html)\n\n[Back to top](#top)"]]
