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Vinculación optimizada con OAuth y Acceso con Google

Descripción general

La vinculación optimizada para el Acceso con Google basada en OAuth agrega el Acceso con Google además de la vinculación OAuth. Esto proporciona una experiencia de vinculación fluida a los usuarios de Google y también permite la creación de cuentas, lo que permite al usuario crear una nueva cuenta en tu servicio con su Cuenta de Google.

Para vincular cuentas con OAuth y el Acceso con Google, sigue estos pasos generales:

Primero, pídele al usuario que dé su consentimiento para acceder a su perfil de Google.
Usa la información de su perfil para verificar si la cuenta de usuario existe.
Para los usuarios existentes, vincule las cuentas.
Si no puedes encontrar una coincidencia para el usuario de Google en tu sistema de autenticación, valida el token de ID recibido de Google. Luego, puedes crear un usuario en función de la información de perfil que contiene el token de ID.

En esta figura, se muestran los pasos que debe seguir un usuario para vincular su Cuenta de Google con el flujo de vinculación optimizado. La primera captura de pantalla muestra cómo un usuario puede seleccionar tu app para la vinculación. La segunda captura de pantalla permite al usuario confirmar si tiene o no una cuenta en tu servicio. La tercera captura de pantalla permite al usuario seleccionar la cuenta de Google que desea vincular. La cuarta captura de pantalla muestra la confirmación de que se vinculó la Cuenta de Google con tu app. La quinta captura de pantalla muestra una cuenta de usuario vinculada correctamente en Google app.

Figura 1: Vinculación de cuentas en el teléfono de un usuario con la Vinculación optimizada

Requisitos de la vinculación optimizada

Implementa el flujo de vinculación web OAuth básica. Tu servicio debe ser compatible con los extremos de autorización y intercambio de tokens que cumplan con OAuth 2.0.
El extremo del intercambio de tokens debe admitir aserciones de token web JSON (JWT) e implementar los intents check, create y get.

Registra tu ID de cliente de la API de Google.

Implementa tu servidor OAuth

Tu extremo de intercambio de tokens debe admitir los intents check, create y get. A continuación, se muestran los pasos completados a través del flujo de vinculación de la cuenta y se indica cuándo se llama a los diferentes intents:

¿El usuario tiene una cuenta en tu sistema de autenticación? (El usuario elige SÍ o NO)
1. SÍ: ¿El usuario usa el correo electrónico asociado con su Cuenta de Google para acceder a tu plataforma? (El usuario elige SÍ o NO)
  1. SÍ: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (check intent se llama para confirmar)
    1. SÍ : Se llama a get intent y la cuenta se vincula si el intent get se muestra correctamente.
    2. NO: ¿Desea crear una cuenta nueva? (El usuario elige SÍ o NO)
      1. SÍ : Se llama a create intent y la cuenta se vincula si se muestra correctamente el intent de creación.
      2. NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se dirige al usuario a su navegador y se le da la opción de vincularlo con un correo electrónico diferente.
  2. NO : Se activa el flujo de OAuth web, se redirecciona al usuario a su navegador y se le da la opción de vincularlo con un correo electrónico diferente.
2. NO: ¿El usuario tiene una cuenta coincidente en tu sistema de autenticación? (check intent se llama para confirmar)
  1. SÍ : Se llama a get intent y la cuenta se vincula si el intent get se muestra correctamente.
  2. NO : Se llama a create intent, y la cuenta se vincula si se crea correctamente el intent de creación.

Check for an existing user account (check intent)

After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.

If the corresponding Google account is already present in your authentication system, your token exchange endpoint responds with account_found=true. If the Google account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint returns an HTTP 404 Not Found error with account_found=false.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:

Token endpoint parameters
`intent`	For these requests, the value of this parameter is `check`.
`grant_type`	The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this parameter has the value `urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer`.
`assertion`	A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address.
`client_id`	The client ID you assigned to Google.
`client_secret`	The client secret you assigned to Google.

To respond to the check intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verfied can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, the user has already signed up. In that case, return a response like the following:

HTTP/1.1 200 Success
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"true",
}

If neither the Google Account ID nor the email address specified in the assertion matches a user in your database, the user hasn't signed up yet. In this case, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 404 error that specifies "account_found": "false", as in the following example:

HTTP/1.1 404 Not found
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"false",
}

Handle automatic linking (get intent)

If the corresponding Google Account is already present in your authentication system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the Google Account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint returns a linking_error error and optional login_hint.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:

Token endpoint parameters
`intent`	For these requests, the value of this parameter is `get`.
`grant_type`	The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this parameter has the value `urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer`.
`assertion`	A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address.
`scope`	Optional: Any scopes that you've configured Google to request from users.
`client_id`	The client ID you assigned to Google.
`client_secret`	The client secret you assigned to Google.

To respond to the get intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

Cases where Google is authoritative:

email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If an account is found for the user, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",

  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",

  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

In some cases, account linking based on ID token might fail for the user. If it does so for any reason, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error, as the following example shows:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint as a parameter. The user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.

Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)

When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:

Token endpoint parameters
`intent`	For these requests, the value of this parameter is `create`.
`grant_type`	The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this parameter has the value `urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer`.
`assertion`	A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address.
`client_id`	The client ID you assigned to Google.
`client_secret`	The client secret you assigned to Google.

The JWT within the assertion parameter contains the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your service.

To respond to the create intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
Validate user information and create new account.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

Cases where Google is authoritative:

email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Validate user information and create new account

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error and gives the user's email address as the login_hint. The following is a sample response:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.

When the creation is completed, issue an access token and refresh token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",

  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",

  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Obtén tu ID de cliente de la API de Google

Deberá proporcionar su ID de cliente de la API de Google durante el proceso de registro de la vinculación de cuentas.

Para obtener tu ID de cliente de la API mediante el proyecto que creaste mientras completaste los pasos de vinculación de OAuth. Para ello, completa los siguientes pasos:

Abre la página Credenciales de la consola de la API de Google.
Crea o selecciona un proyecto de las API de Google.

Si tu proyecto no tiene un ID de cliente para el tipo de aplicación web, haz clic en Crear credenciales > ID de cliente de OAuth para crear uno. Asegúrate de incluir el dominio de tu sitio en el cuadro Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript. Cuando realizas pruebas o desarrollos locales, debes agregar http://localhost y http://localhost:<port_number> al campo Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript.

Punto clave: Agrega http://localhost y http://localhost:<port_number> al campo Orígenes autorizados de JavaScript para pruebas o desarrollos locales.
Nota: Un ID de cliente se parece al siguiente ejemplo:
```
1234567890-abc123def456.apps.googleusercontent.com
```

Cómo validar la implementación

Puede validar su aplicación mediante el uso de la Zona de juegos OAuth 2.0 herramienta.

En la herramienta, siga los siguientes pasos:

Haga clic en Configuración de para abrir la ventana de configuración de OAuth 2.0.
En el campo de flujo de OAuth, seleccione el lado del cliente.
En el campo de OAuth puntos finales, seleccione Personalizar.
Especifique su punto final de OAuth 2.0 y el ID de cliente que asignó a Google en los campos correspondientes.
En la sección Paso 1, no seleccione ninguna alcances de Google. En su lugar, deje este campo en blanco o escriba un ámbito válido para su servidor (o una cadena arbitraria si no utiliza ámbitos OAuth). Cuando haya terminado, haga clic en Autorizar API.
En las secciones Paso 2 y el Paso 3, vaya a través del flujo de OAuth 2.0 y verificar que cada paso funciona como se pretende.

Puede validar su aplicación mediante el uso de la cuenta de Google Vinculación demostración herramienta.

En la herramienta, siga los siguientes pasos:

Haga clic en el Inicio de sesión con el botón de Google.
Elija la cuenta que desea vincular.
Ingrese la identificación del servicio.
Opcionalmente, ingrese uno o más ámbitos para los que solicitará acceso.
Haga clic en Inicio de demostración.
Cuando se le solicite, confirme que puede dar su consentimiento y rechazar la solicitud de vinculación.
Confirme que se le redirige a su plataforma.