API の使用

このドキュメントでは、Google Civic Information API を使用する際に知っておくべきことについて説明します。Civic Info API に関するよくある質問をご覧ください。API に関する基本情報と、ユーザー フォーラムでのよくある質問が記載されています。また、以下に 2 つの例を示します。1 つは選挙中の有権者情報の検索、もう 1 つは選出された代表者の検索です。

Google に対してアプリケーションを識別

アプリケーションは、リクエストを送信するたびに自身を識別する必要があります。 Google Civic Information API(各 API キーに API キーを含める) リクエストできます。

API キーの取得と使用

API キーを取得するには:

  1. API コンソールで [認証情報] ページを開きます。
  2. この API では、2 種類の認証情報がサポートされています。 プロジェクトに適したいずれかの認証情報を作成します。
    • OAuth 2.0: アプリケーションからユーザーの限定公開データをリクエストする場合は、リクエストとともに OAuth 2.0 トークンを送信する必要があります。アプリケーションは、トークンを取得するためにまずクライアント ID を送信します。場合によってはクライアント シークレットも送信します。ウェブ アプリケーション、サービス アカウント、インストールしたアプリケーションについて OAuth 2.0 認証情報を生成できます。

      注: この API には OAuth 2.0 認証を必要とするメソッドがないため、API キーの取得のみが必要になる場合があります。API キーについては、後で説明します。ただし、ユーザー認証を必要とする他の API を アプリケーションで呼び出す場合は、OAuth 2.0 認証情報が必要となります。

      詳細については、OAuth 2.0 ドキュメントをご覧ください。

    • API キー: OAuth 2.0 トークンが提供されないリクエストでは、API キーを送信する必要があります。 キーによりプロジェクトが識別され、API アクセス、割り当て、レポートが提供されます。

      API は、いくつかのタイプの API キーをサポートします。必要とする API キーのタイプが存在しない場合は、[認証情報作成]  > [API キー] をクリックして、コンソールで API キーを作成します。本番環境でそれを使用する前にキーを制限するには、[キーを制限] をクリックして、いずれかの制限を選択します。

API キーの安全性を保つには、API キーを安全に使用するためのおすすめの方法に従ってください。

API キーを作成したら、アプリケーションですべてのリクエスト URL の末尾にクエリ パラメータ key=yourAPIKey を追加できます。

API キーは、安全に URL に埋め込むことができます。エンコーディングの必要はありません。

API キーの制限

デフォルトでは、API キーに制限はありません。このキーを誰でも読み取ったり(ブラウザ内に配置されている場合など)、キーが配置されているデバイスにアクセスしたりできると、安全性が損なわれます。制限を適用することをおすすめします。 不正使用を防止できます。

制限を追加するには、[API キーを作成しました] 内の [キーを制限] をクリックします。 ダイアログ ボックスで示されます。[API キー] 構成パネルが表示されます。

選択する制限のタイプはアプリケーションのニーズによって異なります。

  • API と直接やり取りするウェブ アプリケーション(つまり、 バックエンドやミドルウェアなど)にアクセスするたびに HTTP リファラーによる制限を追加する必要があります。 ただし、このようなアプリケーションでは API キーが公開されるため、代わりにサービス アカウント認証スキームを使用することをおすすめします。
  • サービス アカウントをサポートできないバックエンド アプリケーション(クライアント ライブラリでサポートされている言語がない組み込みデバイスなど)は、異なる IP アドレスのクライアントからの使用を防ぐために、IP アドレスの制限を追加する必要があります。
  • Android アプリは、Android アプリの制限を追加し、パッケージ名と SHA-1 署名証明書フィンガープリントを追加する必要があります。
  • iOS アプリは、iOS アプリの制限を追加し、iOS バンドル ID を追加して、これらの iOS バンドルへの API 呼び出しを制限する必要があります。

テストの場合は、制限を設定する必要はありません。ただし、アプリケーションを本番環境にデプロイしたら、このキーに制限を追加するか、削除することをおすすめします。

electionQuery の例

以下は、(API バージョン「v2」を使用)で electionQuery API 有効な選挙 ID のリストを取得した後、 voterInfoQuery API を、 情報を取得するため、有権者の登録住所 選択します。

ElectionQuery を使用して、有効な選挙 ID のリストを取得します。

  https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/elections?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>
  

electionQuery レスポンス:

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#electionsqueryresponse",
 "elections": [
  {
   "id": "2000",
   "name": "VIP Test Election",
   "electionDay": "2013-06-06"
  },
  {
   "id": "2124",
   "name": "Rhode Island 2012 Primary Election",
   "electionDay": "2012-09-11"
  },
  {
   "id": "2126",
   "name": "Delaware 2012 Primary Election",
   "electionDay": "2012-09-11"
  }
 ]
}

curl を使用した voterInfoQuery

curl を使用して voterInfoQuery を送信します。 VIP テスト選挙 ID 2000 のリクエスト、および(テスト)住所 340 Main St, Venice, CA 90291 の投票者。 voterInfoQuery レスポンスを参照してください。

curl "https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/voterinfo?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>&address=340%20Main%20St.%20Venice%20CA&electionId=2000"

JavaScript の Google API クライアント ライブラリを使用した voterInfoQuery

この例では、前の curl の例と同じ voterInfoQuery を発行しますが、 JavaScript クライアント ライブラリvoterInfoQuery レスポンスは次のようになります。 curl のサンプル レスポンスをご覧ください。

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <script>
      /**
       * Build and execute request to look up voter info for provided address.
       * @param {string} address Address for which to fetch voter info.
       * @param {function(Object)} callback Function which takes the
       *     response object as a parameter.
       */
       function lookup(address, callback) {
       /**
         * Election ID for which to fetch voter info.
         * @type {number}
         */
        var electionId = 2000;
 
        /**
         * Request object for given parameters.
         * @type {gapi.client.HttpRequest}
         */
        var req = gapi.client.request({
            'path' : '/civicinfo/v2/voterinfo',
            'params' : {'electionId' : electionId, 'address' : address}
        });
       req.execute(callback);
      }

      /**
       * Render results in the DOM.
       * @param {Object} response Response object returned by the API.
       * @param {Object} rawResponse Raw response from the API.
       */
      function renderResults(response, rawResponse) {
        var el = document.getElementById('results');
        if (!response || response.error) {
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Error while trying to fetch polling place'));
          return;
        }
        var normalizedAddress = response.normalizedInput.line1 + ' ' +
            response.normalizedInput.city + ', ' +
            response.normalizedInput.state + ' ' +
            response.normalizedInput.zip;
        if (response.pollingLocations.length > 0) {
          var pollingLocation = response.pollingLocations[0].address;
          var pollingAddress = pollingLocation.locationName + ', ' +
              pollingLocation.line1 + ' ' +
              pollingLocation.city + ', ' +
              pollingLocation.state + ' ' +
              pollingLocation.zip;
          var normEl = document.createElement('strong');
          normEl.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Polling place for ' + normalizedAddress + ': '));
          el.appendChild(normEl);
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(pollingAddress));
        } else {
          el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(
              'Could not find polling place for ' + normalizedAddress));
        }
      }

      /**
       * Initialize the API client and make a request.
       */
      function load() {
        gapi.client.setApiKey('YOUR API KEY GOES HERE');
        lookup('1263 Pacific Ave. Kansas City KS', renderResults);
      }
    </script>
    <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/client.js?onload=load"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="results"></div>
  </body>
</html>

voterInfoQuery レスポンス

{
  "kind": "civicinfo#voterinforesponse",
  "status": "success",
  "election": {
  "id": "2000",
  "name": "VIP Test Election",
  "electionDay": "2025-06-06",
  "ocdDivisionId": "ocd-division/country:us"
  },
  "normalizedInput": {
    "line1": "340 Main Street",
    "city": "Venice",
    "state": "CA",
    "zip": "90291"
  },
  "pollingLocations": [
    {
      "address": {
        "locationName": "WESTMINSTER AVENUE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL",
        "line1": "1010 ABBOT KINNEY BLVD",
        "city": "VENICE",
        "state": "CA",
        "zip": "90291"
      },
      "pollingHours": "",
      "latitude": 33.9919351,
      "longitude": -118.4722031,
      "startDate": "2024-03-05",
      "endDate": "2024-03-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "name": "Voting Information Project",
          "official": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "address": {
        "locationName": "POP UP VOTE CENTER 5",
        "line1": "12400 IMPERIAL HWY",
        "city": "NORWALK",
        "state": "CA",
        "zip": "90650"
      },
      "latitude": 33.915989,
      "longitude": -118.0677283,
      "sources": [
        {
          "name": "Voting Information Project",
          "official": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "dropOffLocations": [
    {
      "address": {
        "locationName": "FLEX VOTE CENTER 9",
        "line1": "12400 IMPERIAL HWY",
        "city": "NORWALK",
        "state": "CA",
        "zip": "90650"
      },
      "latitude": 33.915989,
      "longitude": -118.0677283,
      "sources": [
        {
          "name": "Voting Information Project",
          "official": true
        }
      ]
    },
  ],
  "contests": [
    {
      "type": "General",
      "ballotTitle": "UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE, 36th District",
      "district": {
        "name": "36TH US CONGRESSIONAL",
        "scope": "congressional"
      },
      "numberElected": "1",
      "numberVotingFor": "1",
      "ballotPlacement": "103",
      "sources": [
        {
          "name": "Voting Information Project",
          "official": true
        }
      ],
      "candidates": [
        {
          "name": "ARIANA HAKAMI",
          "party": "Party Preference: Republican"
        },
        {
          "name": "CLAIRE RAGGE ANDERSON",
          "party": "Party Preference: None"
        },
        {
          "name": "MELISSA TOOMIM",
          "party": "Party Preference: Republican"
        },
        {
          "name": "TED W. LIEU",
          "party": "Party Preference: Democratic"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "ballot-measure",
      "ballotTitle": "LOS ANGELES CITY MUNICIPAL ELECTION - MEASURE HLA",
      "district": {
        "name": "CITY OF LOS ANGELES",
        "scope": "citywide"
      },
      "ballotPlacement": "116",
      "referendumTitle": "LOS ANGELES CITY MUNICIPAL ELECTION - MEASURE HLA",
      "referendumText": "CITY MOBILITY PLAN STREET IMPROVEMENT MEASURES. INITIATIVE ORDINANCE HLA. Shall an ordinance providing that when the City of Los Angeles makes a qualifying improvement to a City-owned street (e.g., a paving project), the City must also install certain street enhancements described in the City's Mobility Plan network of pedestrian, bicycle, transit, and vehicle routes; and requiring the City to provide publicly accessible information regarding street improvements; be adopted?",
      "referendumPassageThreshold": "MAJORITY OF VOTES CAST",
      "referendumBallotResponses": [
        "YES",
        "NO"
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "name": "Voting Information Project",
          "official": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "General",
      "ballotTitle": "DISTRICT ATTORNEY",
      "district": {
        "name": "LOS ANGELES COUNTY",
        "scope": "countywide"
      },
      "numberElected": "1",
      "numberVotingFor": "1",
      "ballotPlacement": "129",
      "sources": [
        {
          "name": "Voting Information Project",
          "official": true
        }
      ],
      "candidates": [
        {
          "name": "GEORGE GASCÓN"
        },
        {
          "name": "JONATHAN HATAMI"
        },
        {
          "name": "NATHAN HOCHMAN"
        },
        {
          "name": "DEBRA ARCHULETA"
        },
        {
          "name": "JEFF CHEMERINSKY"
        },
        {
          "name": "ERIC SIDDALL"
        },
        {
          "name": "MARIA RAMIREZ"
        },
        {
          "name": "DAN KAPELOVITZ"
        },
        {
          "name": "LLOYD \"BOBCAT\" MASSON"
        },
        {
          "name": "JOHN MCKINNEY"
        },
        {
          "name": "CRAIG J. MITCHELL"
        },
        {
          "name": "DAVID S. MILTON"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "state": [
    {
      "name": "California",
      "electionAdministrationBody": {
        "name": "Secretary of State",
        "electionInfoUrl": "https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/",
        "electionRegistrationUrl": "https://registertovote.ca.gov/?t=s",
        "electionRegistrationConfirmationUrl": "https://voterstatus.sos.ca.gov",
        "absenteeVotingInfoUrl": "https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/vote-by-mail/replacement-application.pdf",
        "votingLocationFinderUrl": "https://voterstatus.sos.ca.gov",
        "ballotInfoUrl": "https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-status/wheres-my-ballot/",
        "correspondenceAddress": {
          "line1": "1500 11th Street, 5th Floor",
          "city": "Sacramento",
          "state": "California",
          "zip": "95814"
        }
      },
      "local_jurisdiction": {
        "name": "Los Angeles",
        "electionAdministrationBody": {
          "name": "Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk",
          "electionInfoUrl": "http://www.lavote.gov/",
          "electionRegistrationUrl": "http://registertovote.ca.gov/",
          "electionRegistrationConfirmationUrl": "https://lavote.gov/vrstatus/",
          "absenteeVotingInfoUrl": "",
          "ballotInfoUrl": "http://www.lavote.gov/Locator",
          "physicalAddress": {
            "locationName": "Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk",
            "line1": "12400 Imperial Highway",
            "city": "Norwalk",
            "state": "CA",
            "zip": "90650"
          }
        },
        "sources": [
          {
            "name": "Voting Information Project",
            "official": true
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

curl を使用した representativeInfoQuery

住所の選挙区の代表者を検索する例を次に示します。curl を使用する representativeInfoByAddress リクエストを送信し、 東京都千代田区神田錦町 3-22 テラススクエア 8 階 | 03-4577-4401 | (後述の representativeInfoByAddress レスポンスを参照)。

curl "https://www.googleapis.com/civicinfo/v2/representatives?key=<YOUR_API_KEY>&address=1263%20Pacific%20Ave.%20Kansas%20City%20KS"

エラーの報告

選挙で選ばれた役員に関する情報が不足しているか、正しくないですか?公務員は、任期が終了する前に退職したり、連絡先情報を変更したりすることがあります。返されるデータにまだ反映されていないこのような変更についてお知らせください。

報告内容は、他のユーザー、データ プロバイダ、または政府の公式データソースで確認されます。多数のご報告をお寄せいただいている関係上、直接回答を差し上げることができない場合もあります。変更が承認されても、API の結果に反映されるまでに時間がかかることがあります。

エラーを報告するには、こちらのフォームにご記入ください

representativeInfoByAddress レスポンス

{
 "kind": "civicinfo#representativeInfoResponse",
 "status": "success",
 "normalizedInput": {
  "line1": "1263 pacific ave",
  "city": "kansas city",
  "state": "KS",
  "zip": "66102"
 },
 "divisions": {
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/county:wyandotte/council_district:2": {
   "name": "Wyandotte County Commissioner District 2",
   "scope": "countyCouncil"
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/cd:3": {
   "name": "Kansas's 3rd congressional district",
   "scope": "congressional",
   "officeIndices": [ 0 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/sldl:32": {
   "name": "Kansas House of Representatives district 32",
   "scope": "stateLower",
   "officeIndices": [ 1 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/place:kansas_city": {
   "name": "Kansas City city",
   "scope": "citywide",
   "officeIndices": [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/county:wyandotte": {
   "name": "Wyandotte County",
   "scope": "countywide"
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us": {
   "name": "United States",
   "scope": "national",
   "officeIndices": [ 9, 10 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks": {
   "name": "Kansas",
   "scope": "statewide",
   "officeIndices": [ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ]
  },
  "ocd-division/country:us/state:ks/sldu:6": {
   "name": "Kansas State Senate district 6",
   "scope": "stateUpper",
   "officeIndices": [ 18 ]
  }
 },
 "offices": [
  {
   "name": "United States House of Representatives KS-03",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 0 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "KS State House District 32",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 1 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Sheriff",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 2 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "District Attorney",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 3 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Register of Deeds",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 4 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Director of Revenue",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 5 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Clerk",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 6 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Commission, At Large, District 1",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 7 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Unified Government Commission, At Large, District 2",
   "level": "county",
   "officialIndices": [ 8 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "President",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 9 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Vice President",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 10 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Governor",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 11 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "State Treasurer",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 12 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Attorney General",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 13 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Secretary of State",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 14 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Lieutenant Governor",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 15 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "United States Senate",
   "level": "federal",
   "officialIndices": [ 16, 17 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Insurance Commissioner",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 18 ]
  },
  {
   "name": "KS State Senate District 6",
   "level": "state",
   "officialIndices": [ 19 ]
  }
 ],
 "officials": [
  {
   "name": "Kevin Yoder",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "215 Cannon HOB",
     "city": "washington d.c.",
     "state": "DC",
     "zip": "20515"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Republican",
   "phones": [
    "(202) 225-2865"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://yoder.house.gov/"
   ],
   "photoUrl": "http://yoder.house.gov/images/user_images/headshot.jpg",
   "channels": [
    {
     "type": "Facebook",
     "id": "CongressmanKevinYoder"
    },
    {
     "type": "Twitter",
     "id": "RepKevinYoder"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Mike Peterson",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "450 North 17th",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66102"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "(785) 296-7371"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/members/rep_peterson_michael_1/"
   ],
   "photoUrl": "http://www.kslegislature.org/li/m/images/pics/rep_peterson_michael_1.jpg",
   "emails": [
    "michael.peterson@house.ks.gov"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Donald Ash",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "701 Nth 7th Street Suite 20",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "(913) 573-2861"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/DefaultDept32.aspx?id=2614"
   ],
   "emails": [
    "dash@wycokck.org"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Jerome Gorman",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "701 Nth 7th Street Suite 10",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
    }
   ],
   "party": "Democratic",
   "phones": [
    "(913) 573-2851"
   ],
   "urls": [
    "http://www.wycokck.org/Internet2010DistAttyBanner.aspx?id=176&banner=6912&menu_id=946"
   ]
  },
  {
   "name": "Nancy Burns",
   "address": [
    {
     "line1": "710 n. 7th street",
     "city": "kansas city",
     "state": "KS",
     "zip": "66101"
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   ],
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  {
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   ]
  }
 ]
}