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管理课程作业和成绩

Google 课堂界面支持五种类型的课业：作业、测验作业、简答题、选择题以及材料。Classroom API 目前支持这三种类型，在 API 中称为 CourseWorkType：作业、简答和选择题。

要访问此功能，您可以使用 CourseWork 资源，表示已布置给学生的特定课程，包括任何其他资料和详细信息，例如日期或最高得分。

除了 CourseWork 资源之外，您还可以管理已完成的作业（包含 StudentSubmission 资源）。以下部分介绍了。

创建作业

只能代表课程的教师创建作业，并且尝试在课程中代表学生创建作业会导致出现 403 PERMISSION_DENIED 错误。同样，网域管理员也无法针对他们未教授或尝试通过 API 教授的课程的作业也会导致 403 PERMISSION_DENIED 错误。

使用 courses.courseWork.create 方法创建分配时，您需要可以作为 materials 附加链接，如以下示例代码所示：

Java

classroom/snippets/src/main/java/CreateCourseWork.java

在 GitHub 上查看

CourseWork courseWork = null;
try {
  // Create a link to add as a material on course work.
  Link articleLink =
      new Link()
          .setTitle("SR-71 Blackbird")
          .setUrl("https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/news/features/history/blackbird.html");

  // Create a list of Materials to add to course work.
  List<Material> materials = Arrays.asList(new Material().setLink(articleLink));

  /* Create new CourseWork object with the material attached.
  Set workType to `ASSIGNMENT`. Possible values of workType can be found here:
  https://developers.google.com/classroom/reference/rest/v1/CourseWorkType
  Set state to `PUBLISHED`. Possible values of state can be found here:
  https://developers.google.com/classroom/reference/rest/v1/courses.courseWork#courseworkstate */
  CourseWork content =
      new CourseWork()
          .setTitle("Supersonic aviation")
          .setDescription(
              "Read about how the SR-71 Blackbird, the world’s fastest and "
                  + "highest-flying manned aircraft, was built.")
          .setMaterials(materials)
          .setWorkType("ASSIGNMENT")
          .setState("PUBLISHED");

  courseWork = service.courses().courseWork().create(courseId, content).execute();

  /* Prints the created courseWork. */
  System.out.printf("CourseWork created: %s\n", courseWork.getTitle());
} catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
  // TODO (developer) - handle error appropriately
  GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
  if (error.getCode() == 404) {
    System.out.printf("The courseId does not exist: %s.\n", courseId);
  } else {
    throw e;
  }
  throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
  throw e;
}
return courseWork;

Python

classroom/snippets/classroom_create_coursework.py

在 GitHub 上查看

import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def classroom_create_coursework(course_id):
  """
  Creates the coursework the user has access to.
  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """

  creds, _ = google.auth.default()
  # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member

  try:
    service = build("classroom", "v1", credentials=creds)
    coursework = {
        "title": "Ant colonies",
        "description": """Read the article about ant colonies
                              and complete the quiz.""",
        "materials": [
            {"link": {"url": "http://example.com/ant-colonies"}},
            {"link": {"url": "http://example.com/ant-quiz"}},
        ],
        "workType": "ASSIGNMENT",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
    }
    coursework = (
        service.courses()
        .courseWork()
        .create(courseId=course_id, body=coursework)
        .execute()
    )
    print(f"Assignment created with ID {coursework.get('id')}")
    return coursework

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    return error


if __name__ == "__main__":
  # Put the course_id of course whose coursework needs to be created,
  # the user has access to.
  classroom_create_coursework(453686957652)

结果中包含由服务器分配的标识符，可用于参考分配。

title 和 workType 字段必填字段。其他所有字段均为选填字段。如果未指定 state，系统会创建作业草稿。

要在通过 Classroom API 创建的作业中添加链接的资料，请执行以下操作：使用链接资源，并指定目标网址Google 课堂会自动提取标题和缩略图。 Classroom API 还原生支持 Google 云端硬盘和 YouTube 资料， DriveFile 资源中的内容或 YouTube 视频资源。

要指定截止日期，请将 dueDate 和 dueTime 字段设为对应的 UTC 时间。截止日期必须是将来的日期。

检索作业和题目

您可以检索或网域管理员创建的视频要检索特定的课程.courseWork.get要检索全部作业或题目（可选择符合某些条件），使用 courses.courseWork.list.

所需范围取决于发出请求的用户在课程。如果用户是学生，请使用以下范围之一：

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.me.readonly
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.me

如果用户是教师或网域管理员，请使用以下网址之一：范围：

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.students.readonly
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.students

拥有检索作业或题目的权限并不意味着访问资料或资料元数据的权限。实际上，这意味着管理员可能看不到附加的云端硬盘文件的标题不是课程成员。如果您要允许管理员访问用户请参阅委托指南。

管理学生的回答

StudentSubmission 资源表示学生完成作业和完成作业的成绩。问题。StudentSubmission 创建新题目或创建作业。

学生提交的作业只能通过 Developer Console 修改项目创建相应的 CourseWork 资源。除检查发出请求的用户外，权限。相应项目中的任何 OAuth2 客户端均可进行修改；该 associatedWithDeveloper 字段指示当前 OAuth2 客户端可以修改指定的 StudentSubmission。

以下部分介绍了管理学生回复的常见操作。

检索学生的回复

学生可以检索自己提交的内容，教师可以检索提交内容并且域管理员可以检索所有为其网域中的所有学生提交的作业。学生提交的每项内容都会分配了标识符；如果您知道该标识符，请使用 courses.courseWork.studentSubmissions.get 可检索该资源。

使用 courses.courseWork.studentSubmissions.list 方法获取符合某些条件的 StudentSubmission 项资源，如示例：

Java

classroom/snippets/src/main/java/ListSubmissions.java

在 GitHub 上查看

List<StudentSubmission> studentSubmissions = new ArrayList<>();
String pageToken = null;

try {
  do {
    ListStudentSubmissionsResponse response =
        service
            .courses()
            .courseWork()
            .studentSubmissions()
            .list(courseId, courseWorkId)
            .setPageToken(pageToken)
            .execute();

    /* Ensure that the response is not null before retrieving data from it to avoid errors. */
    if (response.getStudentSubmissions() != null) {
      studentSubmissions.addAll(response.getStudentSubmissions());
      pageToken = response.getNextPageToken();
    }
  } while (pageToken != null);

  if (studentSubmissions.isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println("No student submission found.");
  } else {
    for (StudentSubmission submission : studentSubmissions) {
      System.out.printf(
          "Student id (%s), student submission id (%s)\n",
          submission.getUserId(), submission.getId());
    }
  }
} catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
  // TODO (developer) - handle error appropriately
  GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
  if (error.getCode() == 404) {
    System.out.printf(
        "The courseId (%s) or courseWorkId (%s) does not exist.\n", courseId, courseWorkId);
  } else {
    throw e;
  }
} catch (Exception e) {
  throw e;
}
return studentSubmissions;

Python

classroom/snippets/classroom_list_submissions.py

在 GitHub 上查看

import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def classroom_list_submissions(course_id, coursework_id):
  """
  Creates the courses the user has access to.
  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """

  creds, _ = google.auth.default()
  # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member
  submissions = []
  page_token = None

  try:
    service = build("classroom", "v1", credentials=creds)
    while True:
      coursework = service.courses().courseWork()
      response = (
          coursework.studentSubmissions()
          .list(
              pageToken=page_token,
              courseId=course_id,
              courseWorkId=coursework_id,
              pageSize=10,
          )
          .execute()
      )
      submissions.extend(response.get("studentSubmissions", []))
      page_token = response.get("nextPageToken", None)
      if not page_token:
        break

    if not submissions:
      print("No student submissions found.")

    print("Student Submissions:")
    for submission in submissions:
      print(
          "Submitted at:"
          f"{(submission.get('id'), submission.get('creationTime'))}"
      )

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    submissions = None
  return submissions


if __name__ == "__main__":
  # Put the course_id and coursework_id of course whose list needs to be
  # submitted.
  classroom_list_submissions(453686957652, 466086979658)

检索属于特定学生的 StudentSubmission 资源，具体方法如下：指定 userId 参数，如以下示例所示：

Java

classroom/snippets/src/main/java/ListStudentSubmissions.java

在 GitHub 上查看

List<StudentSubmission> studentSubmissions = new ArrayList<>();
String pageToken = null;

try {
  do {
    // Set the userId as a query parameter on the request.
    ListStudentSubmissionsResponse response =
        service
            .courses()
            .courseWork()
            .studentSubmissions()
            .list(courseId, courseWorkId)
            .setPageToken(pageToken)
            .set("userId", userId)
            .execute();

    /* Ensure that the response is not null before retrieving data from it to avoid errors. */
    if (response.getStudentSubmissions() != null) {
      studentSubmissions.addAll(response.getStudentSubmissions());
      pageToken = response.getNextPageToken();
    }
  } while (pageToken != null);

  if (studentSubmissions.isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println("No student submission found.");
  } else {
    for (StudentSubmission submission : studentSubmissions) {
      System.out.printf("Student submission: %s.\n", submission.getId());
    }
  }

Python

classroom/snippets/classroom_list_student_submissions.py

在 GitHub 上查看

import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def classroom_list_student_submissions(course_id, coursework_id, user_id):
  """
  Creates the courses the user has access to.
  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """

  creds, _ = google.auth.default()
  # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member
  submissions = []
  page_token = None

  try:
    service = build("classroom", "v1", credentials=creds)
    while True:
      coursework = service.courses().courseWork()
      response = (
          coursework.studentSubmissions()
          .list(
              pageToken=page_token,
              courseId=course_id,
              courseWorkId=coursework_id,
              userId=user_id,
          )
          .execute()
      )
      submissions.extend(response.get("studentSubmissions", []))
      page_token = response.get("nextPageToken", None)
      if not page_token:
        break

    if not submissions:
      print("No student submissions found.")

    print("Student Submissions:")
    for submission in submissions:
      print(
          "Submitted at:"
          f"{(submission.get('id'), submission.get('creationTime'))}"
      )

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
  return submissions


if __name__ == "__main__":
  # Put the course_id, coursework_id and user_id of course whose list needs
  # to be submitted.
  classroom_list_student_submissions(453686957652, 466086979658, "me")

系统会根据用户的唯一 ID 或电子邮件地址来识别学生，例如由 Google Admin SDK 返回。当前用户还可以指代他们自己的使用 "me" 简写形式指定 ID。

此外，您还可以收到学生提交的作业，课程。为此，请使用字面量 "-" 作为 courseWorkId，如示例：

Java

service.courses().courseWork().studentSubmissions()
    .list(courseId, "-")
    .set("userId", userId)
    .execute();

Python

service.courses().courseWork().studentSubmissions().list(
    courseId=<course ID or alias>,
    courseWorkId='-',
    userId=<user ID>).execute()

所需范围取决于发出请求的用户在课程。如果用户是教师或网域，请使用以下范围管理员：

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.students.readonly
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.students

如果用户是学生，请使用以下范围：

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.me.readonly
https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.me

拥有检索学生提交的作业的权限并不意味着访问附件或附件元数据的权限。在实践中，这表示在以下情况下，管理员可能无法看到附加云端硬盘文件的标题：他们不是该课程的成员。如果您要允许管理员访问与用户文件共享，请参阅全网域授权指南。

在学生回复中添加附件

您可以通过附加 Link，将链接附加到学生提交的作业中。 DriveFile 或 YouTubeVideo 资源。您可以通过 courses.courseWork.studentSubmissions.modifyAttachments，如示例：

Java

classroom/snippets/src/main/java/ModifyAttachmentsStudentSubmission.java

在 GitHub 上查看

StudentSubmission studentSubmission = null;
try {
  // Create ModifyAttachmentRequest object that includes a new attachment with a link.
  Link link = new Link().setUrl("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number");
  Attachment attachment = new Attachment().setLink(link);
  ModifyAttachmentsRequest modifyAttachmentsRequest =
      new ModifyAttachmentsRequest().setAddAttachments(Arrays.asList(attachment));

  // The modified studentSubmission object is returned with the new attachment added to it.
  studentSubmission =
      service
          .courses()
          .courseWork()
          .studentSubmissions()
          .modifyAttachments(courseId, courseWorkId, id, modifyAttachmentsRequest)
          .execute();

  /* Prints the modified student submission. */
  System.out.printf(
      "Modified student submission attachments: '%s'.\n",
      studentSubmission.getAssignmentSubmission().getAttachments());
} catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
  // TODO (developer) - handle error appropriately
  GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
  if (error.getCode() == 404) {
    System.out.printf(
        "The courseId (%s), courseWorkId (%s), or studentSubmissionId (%s) does "
            + "not exist.\n",
        courseId, courseWorkId, id);
  } else {
    throw e;
  }
} catch (Exception e) {
  throw e;
}
return studentSubmission;

Python

classroom/snippets/classroom_add_attachment.py

在 GitHub 上查看

def classroom_add_attachment(course_id, coursework_id, submission_id):
  """
  Adds attachment to existing course with specific course_id.
  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """
  creds, _ = google.auth.default()
  # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member
  request = {
      "addAttachments": [
          {"link": {"url": "http://example.com/quiz-results"}},
          {"link": {"url": "http://example.com/quiz-reading"}},
      ]
  }

  try:
    service = build("classroom", "v1", credentials=creds)
    while True:
      coursework = service.courses().courseWork()
      coursework.studentSubmissions().modifyAttachments(
          courseId=course_id,
          courseWorkId=coursework_id,
          id=submission_id,
          body=request,
      ).execute()

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")


if __name__ == "__main__":
  # Put the course_id, coursework_id and submission_id of course in which
  # attachment needs to be added.
  classroom_add_attachment("course_id", "coursework_id", "me")

链接附件由目标网址定义；Google 课堂会自动提取标题和缩略图您可以通过以下网址了解其他资料：各自的参考页面。

StudentSubmission只能由课程老师或拥有该文档的所有权的学生。只有在以下情况下，您才能附加 Materials：所提交学生作业的比例为 CourseWorkTypeASSIGNMENT。

所需范围取决于发出请求的用户在课程。如果用户是教师，请使用以下范围：

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.students

如果用户是学生，请使用以下范围：

https://www.googleapis.com/auth/classroom.coursework.me

管理学生回答状态

学生回复可以取消提交、上交或发回。状态字段 StudentSubmission 中的表示当前状态。要更改状态，请调用以下方法之一：

所有这些方法都接受空正文。示例：

Java

classroom/snippets/src/main/java/ReturnStudentSubmission.java

在 GitHub 上查看

try {
  service
      .courses()
      .courseWork()
      .studentSubmissions()
      .classroomReturn(courseId, courseWorkId, id, null)
      .execute();
} catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
  // TODO (developer) - handle error appropriately
  GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
  if (error.getCode() == 404) {
    System.out.printf(
        "The courseId (%s), courseWorkId (%s), or studentSubmissionId (%s) does "
            + "not exist.\n",
        courseId, courseWorkId, id);
  } else {
    throw e;
  }
} catch (Exception e) {
  throw e;
}

Python

service.courses().courseWork().studentSubmission().turnIn(
    courseId=<course ID or alias>,
    courseWorkId=<courseWork ID>,
    id=<studentSubmission ID>,
    body={}).execute()

只有拥有StudentSubmission的学生可以上交或收回相应文件。只能收回已上交的提交内容。课程教师只能发回处于已交状态的 StudentSubmission。

这不会改变 assignedGrade or draftGrade。显示成绩的方法如下：请参阅为学生的作业评分部分。

为学生的回答评分

StudentSubmission 资源有两个用于存储成绩的字段： assignedGrade（向学生报告的成绩）和draftGrade，这是一个暂定成绩，仅供教师查看。这些字段已更新使用带有字段掩码的 courses.courseWork.studentSubmissions.patch 包含相应字段，如以下示例所示。

Java

classroom/snippets/src/main/java/PatchStudentSubmission.java

在 GitHub 上查看

StudentSubmission studentSubmission = null;
try {
  // Updating the draftGrade and assignedGrade fields for the specific student submission.
  StudentSubmission content =
      service
          .courses()
          .courseWork()
          .studentSubmissions()
          .get(courseId, courseWorkId, id)
          .execute();
  content.setAssignedGrade(90.00);
  content.setDraftGrade(80.00);

  // The updated studentSubmission object is returned with the new draftGrade and assignedGrade.
  studentSubmission =
      service
          .courses()
          .courseWork()
          .studentSubmissions()
          .patch(courseId, courseWorkId, id, content)
          .set("updateMask", "draftGrade,assignedGrade")
          .execute();

  /* Prints the updated student submission. */
  System.out.printf(
      "Updated student submission draft grade (%s) and assigned grade (%s).\n",
      studentSubmission.getDraftGrade(), studentSubmission.getAssignedGrade());
} catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
  // TODO (developer) - handle error appropriately
  GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
  if (error.getCode() == 404) {
    System.out.printf(
        "The courseId (%s), courseWorkId (%s), or studentSubmissionId (%s) does "
            + "not exist.\n",
        courseId, courseWorkId, id);
  } else {
    throw e;
  }
} catch (Exception e) {
  throw e;
}
return studentSubmission;

Python

studentSubmission = {
  'assignedGrade': 99,
  'draftGrade': 80
}
service.courses().courseWork().studentSubmissions().patch(
    courseId=<course ID or alias>,
    courseWorkId=<courseWork ID>,
    id=<studentSubmission ID>,
    updateMask='assignedGrade,draftGrade',
    body=studentSubmission).execute()

使用 Google 课堂界面时，教师必须等到请先保存一份初始成绩。然后，系统会将已布置的成绩发回给学生。应用需要模拟此行为。您的应用可以您可以通过以下两种方式之一为学生的作业评分：

仅分配 draftGrade。这非常有用，例如，可以让教师对成绩进行人工审核，然后再最终确定它们。学生无法查看初始成绩。
同时布置draftGrade和assignedGrade，以便对作业进行全面评分。

。

请勿在未设置 assignedGrade 的情况下也设置 draftGrade。仅设置 assignedGrade 可能会导致出现异常行为

列出已分配的成绩

您可以浏览特定课程作业的 courses.courseWork.studentSubmissions.list 方法的响应对象：

Java

classroom/snippets/src/main/java/ListStudentSubmissions.java

在 GitHub 上查看

  ListStudentSubmissionsResponse response =
      service
          .courses()
          .courseWork()
          .studentSubmissions()
          .list(courseId, courseWorkId)
          .setPageToken(pageToken)
          .execute();

  /* Ensure that the response is not null before retrieving data from it to avoid errors. */
  if (response.getStudentSubmissions() != null) {
    studentSubmissions.addAll(response.getStudentSubmissions());
    pageToken = response.getNextPageToken();
  }
} while (pageToken != null);

if (studentSubmissions.isEmpty()) {
  System.out.println("No student submissions found.");
} else {
  for (StudentSubmission submission : studentSubmissions) {
    System.out.printf(
        "User ID %s, Assigned grade: %s\n",
        submission.getUserId(), submission.getAssignedGrade());
  }
}

Python

response = coursework.studentSubmissions().list(
    courseId=course_id,
    courseWorkId=coursework_id,
    pageSize=10).execute()
submissions.extend(response.get('studentSubmissions', []))

if not submissions:
    print('No student submissions found.')

print('Student Submissions:')
for submission in submissions:
    print(f"Submitted at:"
          f"{(submission.get('userId'), submission.get('assignedGrade'))}")