Google Mirror API에 대한 요청은 OAuth 2.0 사용자 인증 정보를 사용하여 승인되어야 합니다. 사용자가 오프라인 상태인 경우처럼 애플리케이션이 사용자를 대신하여 Google API에 액세스해야 하는 경우 서버 측 흐름을 사용해야 합니다. 이 방법을 사용하려면 클라이언트에서 서버에 대한 액세스 및 갱신 토큰을 얻는 데 사용되는 일회성 승인 코드를 클라이언트에서 서버로 전달해야 합니다.
클라이언트 ID 및 클라이언트 비밀번호 만들기
먼저 앱에 Google Mirror API를 활성화해야 합니다. Google API 콘솔에서 API 프로젝트에 대해 Mirror API를 활성화하세요.
- Google API 콘솔에서 API 프로젝트를 만듭니다.
- API 프로젝트의 서비스 탭을 선택하고 Google Mirror API를 사용 설정합니다.
- API 프로젝트에서 API 액세스 탭을 선택하고 OAuth 2.0 클라이언트 ID 만들기를 클릭합니다.
- Branding Information(브랜드 정보) 섹션에서 애플리케이션 이름(예: 'My Glass 서비스')을 입력하고 Next(다음)를 클릭합니다. 제품 로고 제공은 선택사항입니다.
- 클라이언트 ID 설정 섹션에서 다음을 수행합니다.
- 애플리케이션 유형으로 웹 애플리케이션을 선택합니다.
- 사이트 또는 호스트 이름 제목 옆에 있는 옵션 더보기 링크를 클릭합니다.
- 승인된 리디렉션 URI 및 자바스크립트 출처 필드에 호스트 이름을 나열합니다.
- 클라이언트 ID 만들기를 클릭합니다.
- API 액세스 페이지에서 웹 애플리케이션용 클라이언트 ID 섹션을 찾아 클라이언트 ID 및 클라이언트 보안 비밀번호 값을 기록해 둡니다.
승인 요청 처리
사용자가 처음으로 애플리케이션을 로드할 때 요청된 권한 범위로 Google Glass 계정에 액세스할 수 있는 권한을 애플리케이션에 부여하는 대화상자가 표시됩니다. 이 최초 승인 후 앱의 클라이언트 ID가 변경되거나 요청된 범위가 변경된 경우에만 사용자에게 권한 대화상자가 표시됩니다.
사용자 인증
이 최초 로그인은 성공 시 승인 코드가 포함된 승인 결과 객체를 반환합니다.
승인 코드를 액세스 토큰으로 교환
승인 코드는 서버가 액세스 토큰으로 교환할 수 있는 일회성 코드입니다. 이 액세스 토큰은 제한된 기간 동안 애플리케이션에 사용자 데이터에 대한 액세스 권한을 부여하기 위해 Google Mirror API에 전달됩니다.
애플리케이션에 offline 액세스가 필요한 경우 앱이 처음으로 승인 코드를 교환하면 이전 토큰이 만료된 후 새 액세스 토큰을 받는 데 사용하는 갱신 토큰도 수신됩니다. 나중에 사용할 수 있도록 애플리케이션이 이 갱신 토큰 (일반적으로 서버의 데이터베이스에 저장)을 저장합니다.
다음 코드 샘플은 offline 액세스 권한이 있는 액세스 토큰의 승인 코드를 교환하고 갱신 토큰을 저장하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
자바
CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION 값을 client_secrets.json 파일의 위치로 바꿉니다.
import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeRequestUrl;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleClientSecrets;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleTokenResponse;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.oauth2.Oauth2;
import com.google.api.services.oauth2.model.Userinfo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
// ...
class MyClass {
// Path to client_secrets.json which should contain a JSON document such as:
// {
// "web": {
// "client_id": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_ID]]",
// "client_secret": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET]]",
// "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
// "token_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token"
// }
// }
private static final String CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION = "client_secrets.json";
private static final String REDIRECT_URI = "<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>";
private static final List<String> SCOPES = Arrays.asList(
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline",
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile");
private static GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow = null;
/**
* Exception thrown when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
*/
public static class GetCredentialsException extends Exception {
protected String authorizationUrl;
/**
* Construct a GetCredentialsException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public GetCredentialsException(String authorizationUrl) {
this.authorizationUrl = authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* Set the authorization URL.
*/
public void setAuthorizationUrl(String authorizationUrl) {
this.authorizationUrl = authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* @return the authorizationUrl
*/
public String getAuthorizationUrl() {
return authorizationUrl;
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when a code exchange has failed.
*/
public static class CodeExchangeException extends GetCredentialsException {
/**
* Construct a CodeExchangeException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public CodeExchangeException(String authorizationUrl) {
super(authorizationUrl);
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when no refresh token has been found.
*/
public static class NoRefreshTokenException extends GetCredentialsException {
/**
* Construct a NoRefreshTokenException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public NoRefreshTokenException(String authorizationUrl) {
super(authorizationUrl);
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when no user ID could be retrieved.
*/
private static class NoUserIdException extends Exception {
}
/**
* Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
*
* @param userId User's ID.
* @return Stored Credential if found, {@code null} otherwise.
*/
static Credential getStoredCredentials(String userId) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database. Instantiate a new
// Credential instance with stored accessToken and refreshToken.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
*
* @param userId User's ID.
* @param credentials The OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.
*/
static void storeCredentials(String userId, Credential credentials) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database.
// Store the credentials.getAccessToken() and credentials.getRefreshToken()
// string values in your database.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Build an authorization flow and store it as a static class attribute.
*
* @return GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow instance.
* @throws IOException Unable to load client_secrets.json.
*/
static GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow getFlow() throws IOException {
if (flow == null) {
HttpTransport httpTransport = new NetHttpTransport();
JacksonFactory jsonFactory = new JacksonFactory();
GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets =
GoogleClientSecrets.load(jsonFactory,
MyClass.class.getResourceAsStream(CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION));
flow =
new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(httpTransport, jsonFactory, clientSecrets, SCOPES)
.setAccessType("offline").setApprovalPrompt("force").build();
}
return flow;
}
/**
* Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
*
* @param authorizationCode Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0
* credentials.
* @return OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @throws CodeExchangeException An error occurred.
*/
static Credential exchangeCode(String authorizationCode)
throws CodeExchangeException {
try {
GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow = getFlow();
GoogleTokenResponse response =
flow.newTokenRequest(authorizationCode).setRedirectUri(REDIRECT_URI).execute();
return flow.createAndStoreCredential(response, null);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("An error occurred: " + e);
throw new CodeExchangeException(null);
}
}
/**
* Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
*
* @param credentials OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.
* @return User's information.
* @throws NoUserIdException An error occurred.
*/
static Userinfo getUserInfo(Credential credentials)
throws NoUserIdException {
Oauth2 userInfoService =
new Oauth2.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(), new JacksonFactory(), credentials).build();
Userinfo userInfo = null;
try {
userInfo = userInfoService.userinfo().get().execute();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("An error occurred: " + e);
}
if (userInfo != null && userInfo.getId() != null) {
return userInfo;
} else {
throw new NoUserIdException();
}
}
/**
* Retrieve the authorization URL.
*
* @param userId User's Google ID.
* @param state State for the authorization URL.
* @return Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
* @throws IOException Unable to load client_secrets.json.
*/
public static String getAuthorizationUrl(String userId, String state) throws IOException {
GoogleAuthorizationCodeRequestUrl urlBuilder =
getFlow().newAuthorizationUrl().setRedirectUri(REDIRECT_URI).setState(state);
urlBuilder.set("user_id", userId);
return urlBuilder.build();
}
/**
* Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
*
* This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and
* queries the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID. If a
* refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
* in the application database using the user's Google ID as key. If no
* refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
* database for one and returns it if found or throws a NoRefreshTokenException
* with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*
* @param authorizationCode Authorization code to use to retrieve an access
* token.
* @param state State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
* @return OAuth 2.0 credentials instance containing an access and refresh
* token.
* @throws NoRefreshTokenException No refresh token could be retrieved from
* the available sources.
* @throws IOException Unable to load client_secrets.json.
*/
public static Credential getCredentials(String authorizationCode, String state)
throws CodeExchangeException, NoRefreshTokenException, IOException {
String userId = "";
try {
Credential credentials = exchangeCode(authorizationCode);
Userinfo userInfo = getUserInfo(credentials);
userId = userInfo.getId();
if (credentials.getRefreshToken() != null) {
storeCredentials(userId, credentials);
return credentials;
} else {
credentials = getStoredCredentials(userId);
if (credentials != null && credentials.getRefreshToken() != null) {
return credentials;
}
}
} catch (CodeExchangeException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
// session.
// If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
e.setAuthorizationUrl(getAuthorizationUrl(userId, state));
throw e;
} catch (NoUserIdException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// No refresh token has been retrieved.
String authorizationUrl = getAuthorizationUrl(userId, state);
throw new NoRefreshTokenException(authorizationUrl);
}
}
Python
CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION 값을 client_secrets.json 파일의 위치로 바꿉니다.
import logging
from oauth2client.client import flow_from_clientsecrets
from oauth2client.client import FlowExchangeError
from apiclient.discovery import build
# ...
# Path to client_secrets.json which should contain a JSON document such as:
# {
# "web": {
# "client_id": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_ID]]",
# "client_secret": "[[YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET]]",
# "redirect_uris": [],
# "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
# "token_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token"
# }
# }
CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION = '<PATH/TO/CLIENT_SECRETS.JSON>'
REDIRECT_URI = '<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>'
SCOPES = [
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline',
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile',
# Add other requested scopes.
]
class GetCredentialsException(Exception):
"""Error raised when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
Attributes:
authorization_url: Authorization URL to redirect the user to in order to
request offline access.
"""
def __init__(self, authorization_url):
"""Construct a GetCredentialsException."""
self.authorization_url = authorization_url
class CodeExchangeException(GetCredentialsException):
"""Error raised when a code exchange has failed."""
class NoRefreshTokenException(GetCredentialsException):
"""Error raised when no refresh token has been found."""
class NoUserIdException(Exception):
"""Error raised when no user ID could be retrieved."""
def get_stored_credentials(user_id):
"""Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
Args:
user_id: User's ID.
Returns:
Stored oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials if found, None otherwise.
Raises:
NotImplemented: This function has not been implemented.
"""
# TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
# To instantiate an OAuth2Credentials instance from a Json
# representation, use the oauth2client.client.Credentials.new_from_json
# class method.
raise NotImplementedError()
def store_credentials(user_id, credentials):
"""Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
This function stores the provided OAuth 2.0 credentials using the user ID as
key.
Args:
user_id: User's ID.
credentials: OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.
Raises:
NotImplemented: This function has not been implemented.
"""
# TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
# To retrieve a Json representation of the credentials instance, call the
# credentials.to_json() method.
raise NotImplementedError()
def exchange_code(authorization_code):
"""Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
Args:
authorization_code: Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0
credentials.
Returns:
oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials instance.
Raises:
CodeExchangeException: an error occurred.
"""
flow = flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION, ' '.join(SCOPES))
flow.redirect_uri = REDIRECT_URI
try:
credentials = flow.step2_exchange(authorization_code)
return credentials
except FlowExchangeError, error:
logging.error('An error occurred: %s', error)
raise CodeExchangeException(None)
def get_user_info(credentials):
"""Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
Args:
credentials: oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials instance to authorize the
request.
Returns:
User information as a dict.
"""
user_info_service = build(
serviceName='oauth2', version='v2',
http=credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()))
user_info = None
try:
user_info = user_info_service.userinfo().get().execute()
except errors.HttpError, e:
logging.error('An error occurred: %s', e)
if user_info and user_info.get('id'):
return user_info
else:
raise NoUserIdException()
def get_authorization_url(user_id, state):
"""Retrieve the authorization URL.
Args:
user_id: User's Google ID.
state: State for the authorization URL.
Returns:
Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
"""
flow = flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENTSECRETS_LOCATION, ' '.join(SCOPES))
flow.params['access_type'] = 'offline'
flow.params['approval_prompt'] = 'force'
flow.params['user_id'] = user_id
flow.params['state'] = state
return flow.step1_get_authorize_url(REDIRECT_URI)
def get_credentials(authorization_code, state):
"""Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and queries
the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID.
If a refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
in the application database using the user's Google ID as key.
If no refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
database for one and returns it if found or raises a NoRefreshTokenException
with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
Args:
authorization_code: Authorization code to use to retrieve an access token.
state: State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
Returns:
oauth2client.client.OAuth2Credentials instance containing an access and
refresh token.
Raises:
CodeExchangeError: Could not exchange the authorization code.
NoRefreshTokenException: No refresh token could be retrieved from the
available sources.
"""
user_id = ''
try:
credentials = exchange_code(authorization_code)
user_info = get_user_info(credentials)
user_id = user_info.get('id')
if credentials.refresh_token is not None:
store_credentials(user_id, credentials)
return credentials
else:
credentials = get_stored_credentials(user_id)
if credentials and credentials.refresh_token is not None:
return credentials
except CodeExchangeException, error:
logging.error('An error occurred during code exchange.')
# Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
# session.
# If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
error.authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise error
except NoUserIdException:
logging.error('No user ID could be retrieved.')
# No refresh token has been retrieved.
authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise NoRefreshTokenException(authorization_url)
PHP
getCredentials 함수는 제공된 승인 코드에서 시작하는 OAuth 2.0 사용자 인증 정보를 검색합니다.
갱신 토큰을 가져올 수 없는 경우 오프라인 액세스를 요청하기 위해 사용자를 리디렉션할 승인 URL과 함께 예외가 발생합니다.
<?php
require_once 'google-api-php-client/src/Google_Client.php';
require_once "google-api-php-client/src/contrib/Google_Oauth2Service.php";
session_start();
// ...
$CLIENT_ID = '<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>';
$CLIENT_SECRET = '<YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET>';
$REDIRECT_URI = '<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>';
$SCOPES = array(
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline',
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile');
/**
* Exception thrown when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
*/
class GetCredentialsException extends Exception {
protected $authorizationUrl;
/**
* Construct a GetCredentialsException.
*
* @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
public function __construct($authorizationUrl) {
$this->authorizationUrl = $authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* @return the authorizationUrl.
*/
public function getAuthorizationUrl() {
return $this->authorizationUrl;
}
/**
* Set the authorization URL.
*/
public function setAuthorizationurl($authorizationUrl) {
$this->authorizationUrl = $authorizationUrl;
}
}
/**
* Exception thrown when no refresh token has been found.
*/
class NoRefreshTokenException extends GetCredentialsException {}
/**
* Exception thrown when a code exchange has failed.
*/
class CodeExchangeException extends GetCredentialsException {}
/**
* Exception thrown when no user ID could be retrieved.
*/
class NoUserIdException extends Exception {}
/**
* Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
*
* @param String $userId User's ID.
* @return String Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
*/
function getStoredCredentials($userId) {
// TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
throw new RuntimeException('Not implemented!');
}
/**
* Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
*
* @param String $userId User's ID.
* @param String $credentials Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials to
store.
*/
function storeCredentials($userId, $credentials) {
// TODO: Implement this function to work with your database.
throw new RuntimeException('Not implemented!');
}
/**
* Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
*
* @param String $authorizationCode Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0
* credentials.
* @return String Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @throws CodeExchangeException An error occurred.
*/
function exchangeCode($authorizationCode) {
try {
global $CLIENT_ID, $CLIENT_SECRET, $REDIRECT_URI;
$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setClientId($CLIENT_ID);
$client->setClientSecret($CLIENT_SECRET);
$client->setRedirectUri($REDIRECT_URI);
$_GET['code'] = $authorizationCode;
return $client->authenticate();
} catch (Google_AuthException $e) {
print 'An error occurred: ' . $e->getMessage();
throw new CodeExchangeException(null);
}
}
/**
* Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
*
* @param String credentials OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.
* @return Userinfo User's information.
* @throws NoUserIdException An error occurred.
*/
function getUserInfo($credentials) {
$apiClient = new Google_Client();
$apiClient->setUseObjects(true);
$apiClient->setAccessToken($credentials);
$userInfoService = new Google_Oauth2Service($apiClient);
$userInfo = null;
try {
$userInfo = $userInfoService->userinfo->get();
} catch (Google_Exception $e) {
print 'An error occurred: ' . $e->getMessage();
}
if ($userInfo != null && $userInfo->getId() != null) {
return $userInfo;
} else {
throw new NoUserIdException();
}
}
/**
* Retrieve the authorization URL.
*
* @param String $userId User's Google ID.
* @param String $state State for the authorization URL.
* @return String Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*/
function getAuthorizationUrl($userId, $state) {
global $CLIENT_ID, $REDIRECT_URI, $SCOPES;
$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setClientId($CLIENT_ID);
$client->setRedirectUri($REDIRECT_URI);
$client->setAccessType('offline');
$client->setApprovalPrompt('force');
$client->setState($state);
$client->setScopes($SCOPES);
$tmpUrl = parse_url($client->createAuthUrl());
$query = explode('&', $tmpUrl['query']);
$query[] = 'user_id=' . urlencode($userId);
return
$tmpUrl['scheme'] . '://' . $tmpUrl['host'] . $tmpUrl['port'] .
$tmpUrl['path'] . '?' . implode('&', $query);
}
/**
* Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
*
* This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and
* queries the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID. If a
* refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
* in the application database using the user's Google ID as key. If no
* refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
* database for one and returns it if found or throws a NoRefreshTokenException
* with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
*
* @param String authorizationCode Authorization code to use to retrieve an access
* token.
* @param String state State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
* @return String Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @throws NoRefreshTokenException No refresh token could be retrieved from
* the available sources.
*/
function getCredentials($authorizationCode, $state) {
$userId = '';
try {
$credentials = exchangeCode($authorizationCode);
$userInfo = getUserInfo($credentials);
$userId = $userInfo->getId();
$credentialsArray = json_decode($credentials, true);
if (isset($credentialsArray['refresh_token'])) {
storeCredentials($userId, $credentials);
return $credentials;
} else {
$credentials = getStoredCredentials($userId);
$credentialsArray = json_decode($credentials, true);
if ($credentials != null &&
isset($credentialsArray['refresh_token'])) {
return $credentials;
}
}
} catch (CodeExchangeException $e) {
print 'An error occurred during code exchange.';
// Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
// session.
// If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
$e->setAuthorizationUrl(getAuthorizationUrl($userId, $state));
throw $e;
} catch (NoUserIdException $e) {
print 'No user ID could be retrieved.';
}
// No refresh token has been retrieved.
$authorizationUrl = getAuthorizationUrl($userId, $state);
throw new NoRefreshTokenException($authorizationUrl);
}
?>
.NET
GetCredentials 함수는 제공된 승인 코드에서 시작하는 OAuth 2.0 사용자 인증 정보를 검색합니다.
갱신 토큰을 가져올 수 없는 경우 오프라인 액세스를 요청하기 위해 사용자를 리디렉션할 승인 URL과 함께 예외가 발생합니다.
using DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging;
using DotNetOpenAuth.OAuth2;
using Google;
using Google.Apis.Authentication;
using Google.Apis.Authentication.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Authentication.OAuth2.DotNetOpenAuth;
using Google.Apis.Oauth2.v2;
using Google.Apis.Oauth2.v2.Data;
using Google.Apis.Services;
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Web;
// ...
class MyClass {
static String CLIENT_ID = "<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>";
static String CLIENT_SECRET = "<YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET>";
static String REDIRECT_URI = "<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>";
static String[] SCOPES = new String[] {
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline",
"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile"
};
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
/// </summary>
public class GetCredentialsException : Exception {
public String AuthorizationUrl { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Construct a GetCredentialsException.
/// </summary>
/// @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
public GetCredentialsException(String authorizationUrl) {
this.AuthorizationUrl = authorizationUrl;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when no refresh token has been found.
/// </summary>
public class NoRefreshTokenException : GetCredentialsException {
/// <summary>
/// Construct a NoRefreshTokenException.
/// </summary>
/// @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
public NoRefreshTokenException(String authorizationUrl) : base(authorizationUrl) {
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when a code exchange has failed.
/// </summary>
private class CodeExchangeException : GetCredentialsException {
/// <summary>
/// Construct a CodeExchangeException.
/// </summary>
/// @param authorizationUrl The authorization URL to redirect the user to.
public CodeExchangeException(String authorizationUrl) : base(authorizationUrl) {
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Exception thrown when no user ID could be retrieved.
/// </summary>
private class NoUserIdException : Exception {
}
/// <summary>
/// Extends the NativeApplicationClient class to allow setting of a custom IAuthorizationState.
/// </summary>
public class StoredStateClient : NativeApplicationClient {
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="StoredStateClient"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="authorizationServer">The token issuer.</param>
/// <param name="clientIdentifier">The client identifier.</param>
/// <param name="clientSecret">The client secret.</param>
public StoredStateClient(AuthorizationServerDescription authorizationServer,
String clientIdentifier,
String clientSecret,
IAuthorizationState state)
: base(authorizationServer, clientIdentifier, clientSecret) {
this.State = state;
}
public IAuthorizationState State { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Returns the IAuthorizationState stored in the StoredStateClient instance.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="provider">OAuth2 client.</param>
/// <returns>The stored authorization state.</returns>
static public IAuthorizationState GetState(StoredStateClient provider) {
return provider.State;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve an IAuthenticator instance using the provided state.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="credentials">OAuth 2.0 credentials to use.</param>
/// <returns>Authenticator using the provided OAuth 2.0 credentials</returns>
public static IAuthenticator GetAuthenticatorFromState(IAuthorizationState credentials) {
var provider = new StoredStateClient(GoogleAuthenticationServer.Description, CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET, credentials);
var auth = new OAuth2Authenticator<StoredStateClient>(provider, StoredStateClient.GetState);
auth.LoadAccessToken();
return auth;
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId">User's ID.</param>
/// <returns>Stored GoogleAccessProtectedResource if found, null otherwise.</returns>
static IAuthorizationState GetStoredCredentials(String userId) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database.
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
/// <summary>
/// Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId">User's ID.</param>
/// <param name="credentials">The OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.</param>
static void StoreCredentials(String userId, IAuthorizationState credentials) {
// TODO: Implement this method to work with your database.
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
/// <summary>
/// Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="authorizationCode">Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0 credentials.</param>
/// <returns>OAuth 2.0 credentials.</returns>
/// <exception cref="CodeExchangeException">An error occurred.</exception>
static IAuthorizationState ExchangeCode(String authorizationCode) {
var provider = new NativeApplicationClient(GoogleAuthenticationServer.Description, CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET);
IAuthorizationState state = new AuthorizationState();
state.Callback = new Uri(REDIRECT_URI);
try {
state = provider.ProcessUserAuthorization(authorizationCode, state);
return state;
} catch (ProtocolException) {
throw new CodeExchangeException(null);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="credentials">OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.</param>
/// <returns>User's information.</returns>
/// <exception cref="NoUserIdException">An error occurred.</exception>
static Userinfo GetUserInfo(IAuthorizationState credentials) {
Oauth2Service userInfoService = new Oauth2Service(new BaseClientService.Initializer()
{
Authenticator = GetAuthenticatorFromState(credentials)
});
Userinfo userInfo = null;
try {
userInfo = userInfoService.Userinfo.Get().Fetch();
} catch (GoogleApiRequestException e) {
Console.WriteLine("An error occurred: " + e.Message);
}
if (userInfo != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(userInfo.Id)) {
return userInfo;
} else {
throw new NoUserIdException();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve the authorization URL.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId">User's Google ID.</param>
/// <param name="state">State for the authorization URL.</param>
/// <returns>Authorization URL to redirect the user to.</returns>
public static String GetAuthorizationUrl(String userId, String state) {
var provider = new NativeApplicationClient(GoogleAuthenticationServer.Description);
provider.ClientIdentifier = CLIENT_ID;
IAuthorizationState authorizationState = new AuthorizationState(SCOPES);
authorizationState.Callback = new Uri(REDIRECT_URI);
UriBuilder builder = new UriBuilder(provider.RequestUserAuthorization(authorizationState));
NameValueCollection queryParameters = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(builder.Query);
queryParameters.Set("access_type", "offline");
queryParameters.Set("approval_prompt", "force");
queryParameters.Set("user_id", userId);
queryParameters.Set("state", state);
builder.Query = queryParameters.ToString();
return builder.Uri.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
///
/// This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and
/// queries the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID. If a
/// refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
/// in the application database using the user's Google ID as key. If no
/// refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
/// database for one and returns it if found or throws a NoRefreshTokenException
/// with the authorization URL to redirect the user to.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="authorizationCode">Authorization code to use to retrieve an access token.</param>
/// <param name="state">State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.</param>
/// <returns>OAuth 2.0 credentials instance containing an access and refresh token.</returns>
/// <exception cref="CodeExchangeException">
/// An error occurred while exchanging the authorization code.
/// </exception>
/// <exception cref="NoRefreshTokenException">
/// No refresh token could be retrieved from the available sources.
/// </exception>
public static IAuthenticator GetCredentials(String authorizationCode, String state) {
String userId = "";
try {
IAuthorizationState credentials = ExchangeCode(authorizationCode);
Userinfo userInfo = GetUserInfo(credentials);
userId = userInfo.Id;
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(credentials.RefreshToken)) {
StoreCredentials(userId, credentials);
return GetAuthenticatorFromState(credentials);
} else {
credentials = GetStoredCredentials(userId);
if (credentials != null && !String.IsNullOrEmpty(credentials.RefreshToken)) {
return GetAuthenticatorFromState(credentials);
}
}
} catch (CodeExchangeException e) {
Console.WriteLine("An error occurred during code exchange.");
// Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
// session.
// If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
e.AuthorizationUrl = GetAuthorizationUrl(userId, state);
throw e;
} catch (NoUserIdException) {
Console.WriteLine("No user ID could be retrieved.");
}
// No refresh token has been retrieved.
String authorizationUrl = GetAuthorizationUrl(userId, state);
throw new NoRefreshTokenException(authorizationUrl);
}
}
Ruby
get_credentials 함수는 제공된 승인 코드에서 시작하는 OAuth 2.0 사용자 인증 정보를 검색합니다.
갱신 토큰을 가져올 수 없는 경우 오프라인 액세스를 요청하기 위해 사용자를 리디렉션할 승인 URL과 함께 예외가 발생합니다.
require 'google/api_client'
CLIENT_ID = '<YOUR_CLIENT_ID>'
CLIENT_SECRET = '<YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET>'
REDIRECT_URI = '<YOUR_REGISTERED_REDIRECT_URI>'
SCOPES = [
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/glass.timeline',
'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile',
# Add other requested scopes.
]
##
# Error raised when an error occurred while retrieving credentials.
class GetCredentialsError < StandardError
##
# Initialize a NoRefreshTokenError instance.
#
# @param [String] authorize_url
# Authorization URL to redirect the user to in order to in order to request
# offline access.
def initialize(authorization_url)
@authorization_url = authorization_url
end
def authorization_url=(authorization_url)
@authorization_url = authorization_url
end
def authorization_url
return @authorization_url
end
end
##
# Error raised when a code exchange has failed.
class CodeExchangeError < GetCredentialsError
end
##
# Error raised when no refresh token has been found.
class NoRefreshTokenError < GetCredentialsError
end
##
# Error raised when no user ID could be retrieved.
class NoUserIdError < StandardError
end
##
# Retrieved stored credentials for the provided user ID.
#
# @param [String] user_id
# User's ID.
# @return [Signet::OAuth2::Client]
# Stored OAuth 2.0 credentials if found, nil otherwise.
def get_stored_credentials(user_id)
raise NotImplementedError, 'get_stored_credentials is not implemented.'
end
##
# Store OAuth 2.0 credentials in the application's database.
#
# @param [String] user_id
# User's ID.
# @param [Signet::OAuth2::Client] credentials
# OAuth 2.0 credentials to store.
def store_credentials(user_id, credentials)
raise NotImplementedError, 'store_credentials is not implemented.'
end
##
# Exchange an authorization code for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
#
# @param [String] auth_code
# Authorization code to exchange for OAuth 2.0 credentials.
# @return [Signet::OAuth2::Client]
# OAuth 2.0 credentials.
def exchange_code(authorization_code)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization.client_id = CLIENT_ID
client.authorization.client_secret = CLIENT_SECRET
client.authorization.code = authorization_code
client.authorization.redirect_uri = REDIRECT_URI
begin
client.authorization.fetch_access_token!
return client.authorization
rescue Signet::AuthorizationError
raise CodeExchangeError.new(nil)
end
end
##
# Send a request to the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's information.
#
# @param [Signet::OAuth2::Client] credentials
# OAuth 2.0 credentials to authorize the request.
# @return [Google::APIClient::Schema::Oauth2::V2::Userinfo]
# User's information.
def get_user_info(credentials)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization = credentials
oauth2 = client.discovered_api('oauth2', 'v2')
result = client.execute!(:api_method => oauth2.userinfo.get)
user_info = nil
if result.status == 200
user_info = result.data
else
puts "An error occurred: #{result.data['error']['message']}"
end
if user_info != nil && user_info.id != nil
return user_info
end
raise NoUserIdError, "Unable to retrieve the user's Google ID."
end
##
# Retrieve authorization URL.
#
# @param [String] user_id
# User's Google ID.
# @param [String] state
# State for the authorization URL.
# @return [String]
# Authorization URL to redirect the user to.
def get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization.client_id = CLIENT_ID
client.authorization.redirect_uri = REDIRECT_URI
client.authorization.scope = SCOPES
return client.authorization.authorization_uri(
:options => {
:approval_prompt => :force,
:access_type => :offline,
:user_id => user_id,
:state => state
}).to_s
end
##
# Retrieve credentials using the provided authorization code.
#
# This function exchanges the authorization code for an access token and queries
# the UserInfo API to retrieve the user's Google ID.
# If a refresh token has been retrieved along with an access token, it is stored
# in the application database using the user's Google ID as key.
# If no refresh token has been retrieved, the function checks in the application
# database for one and returns it if found or raises a NoRefreshTokenError
# with an authorization URL to redirect the user to.
#
# @param [String] auth_code
# Authorization code to use to retrieve an access token.
# @param [String] state
# State to set to the authorization URL in case of error.
# @return [Signet::OAuth2::Client]
# OAuth 2.0 credentials containing an access and refresh token.
def get_credentials(authorization_code, state)
user_id = ''
begin
credentials = exchange_code(authorization_code)
user_info = get_user_info(credentials)
user_id = user_info.id
if credentials.refresh_token != nil
store_credentials(user_id, credentials)
return credentials
else
credentials = get_stored_credentials(user_id)
if credentials != nil && credentials.refresh_token != nil
return credentials
end
end
rescue CodeExchangeError => error
print 'An error occurred during code exchange.'
# Glass services should try to retrieve the user and credentials for the current
# session.
# If none is available, redirect the user to the authorization URL.
error.authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise error
rescue NoUserIdError
print 'No user ID could be retrieved.'
end
authorization_url = get_authorization_url(user_id, state)
raise NoRefreshTokenError.new(authorization_url)
end
저장된 사용자 인증 정보로 승인
사용자가 최초 승인 흐름 이후 앱을 방문하면 애플리케이션이 저장된 갱신 토큰을 사용하여 최종 사용자에게 메시지를 표시하지 않고 요청을 승인할 수 있습니다.
사용자를 이미 인증했다면 애플리케이션에서 데이터베이스에서 갱신 토큰을 가져와 서버 측 세션에 저장할 수 있습니다. 갱신 토큰이 취소되거나 잘못된 경우 이를 확인하고 적절한 조치를 취해야 합니다.
OAuth 2.0 사용자 인증 정보 사용
이전 섹션에서 설명한 대로 OAuth 2.0 사용자 인증 정보를 가져온 후 이를 사용하여 Google Mirror API 서비스 객체를 승인하고 API에 요청을 전송할 수 있습니다.
다음 코드 스니펫은 Google Mirror API 서비스 객체를 인스턴스화하고 승인하며 Google Mirror API에 요청을 전송하여 timeline item의 메타데이터를 검색하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
서비스 객체 인스턴스화
이 코드 샘플은 서비스 객체를 인스턴스화한 후 API 요청을 승인하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
자바
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredential;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.mirror.Mirror;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/**
* Build a Mirror service object.
*
* @param credentials OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @return Mirror service object.
*/
static Mirror buildService(GoogleCredential credentials) {
HttpTransport httpTransport = new NetHttpTransport();
JacksonFactory jsonFactory = new JacksonFactory();
return new Mirror.Builder(httpTransport, jsonFactory, credentials)
.build();
}
// ...
}
Python
from apiclient.discovery import build
# ...
def build_service(credentials):
"""Build a Mirror service object.
Args:
credentials: OAuth 2.0 credentials.
Returns:
Mirror service object.
"""
http = httplib2.Http()
http = credentials.authorize(http)
return build('mirror', 'v1', http=http)
PHP
<?php
session_start();
require_once "google-api-php-client/src/Google_Client.php";
require_once "google-api-php-client/src/contrib/Google_MirrorService.php";
// ...
/**
* Build a Mirror service object.
*
* @param String credentials Json representation of the OAuth 2.0 credentials.
* @return Google_MirrorService service object.
*/
function buildService($credentials) {
$apiClient = new Google_Client();
$apiClient->setUseObjects(true);
$apiClient->setAccessToken($credentials);
return new Google_MirrorService($apiClient);
}
// ...
?>
.NET
using Google.Apis.Authentication;
using Google.Apis.Mirror.v1;
using Google.Apis.Services;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/// <summary>
/// Build a Mirror service object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="credentials">OAuth 2.0 credentials.</param>
/// <returns>Mirror service object.</returns>
static MirrorService BuildService(IAuthenticator credentials) {
return new MirrorService(new BaseClientService.Initializer()
{
Authenticator = credentials
});
}
}
Ruby
require 'google/api_client'
##
# Build a Mirror client instance.
#
# @param [Signet::OAuth2::Client] credentials
# OAuth 2.0 credentials.
# @return [Google::APIClient]
# Client instance
def build_client(credentials)
client = Google::APIClient.new
client.authorization = credentials
client = client.discovered_api('mirror', 'v1')
client
end
승인된 요청 전송 및 취소된 사용자 인증 정보 확인
다음 코드 스니펫은 승인된 Google Mirror API 서비스 인스턴스를 사용하고 승인된 GET 요청을 Google Mirror API에 전송하여 timeline item의 메타데이터를 검색합니다.
오류가 발생하면 코드는 HTTP 401 상태 코드를 확인합니다. 이 코드는 사용자를 승인 URL로 리디렉션하여 처리해야 합니다.
더 많은 Google Mirror API 작업은 API 참조에 설명되어 있습니다.
자바
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpResponse;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpResponseException;
import com.google.api.services.mirror.Mirror;
import com.google.api.services.mirror.model.TimelineItem;
import java.io.IOException;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/**
* Print a timeline item's metadata.
*
* @param service Mirror service instance.
* @param itemId ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.
*/
static void printTimelineItem(Mirror service, String itemId) {
try {
TimelineItem item = service.timeline().get(itemId).execute();
System.out.println("Text: " + item.getText());
System.out.println("HTML: " + item.getHtml());
} catch (HttpResponseException e) {
if (e.getStatusCode() == 401) {
// Credentials have been revoked.
// TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or
// remove the credentials from the database.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred: " + e);
}
}
// ...
}
Python
from apiclient import errors
# ...
def print_timeline_item(service, item_id):
"""Print a timeline item's metadata.
Args:
service: Mirror service instance.
item_id: ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.
"""
try:
item = service.timeline().get(id=item_id).execute()
print 'Text: %s' % item['text']
print 'HTML: %s' % item['html']
except errors.HttpError, error:
if error.resp.status == 401:
# Credentials have been revoked.
# TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove
# the credentials from the database.
raise NotImplementedError()
PHP
/**
* Print a timeline item's metadata.
*
* @param Google_MirrorService $service Mirror service instance.
* @param string $itemId ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.
*/
function printTimelineItem($service, $itemId) {
try {
$item = $service->timeline->get($itemId);
print "Text: " . $item->getText() . "\n";
print "HTML: " . $item->getHtml() . "\n";
} catch (apiAuthException) {
// Credentials have been revoked.
// TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove
// the credentials from the database.
throw new RuntimeException('Not implemented!');
} catch (apiException $e) {
print "An error occurred: " . $e->getMessage();
}
}
.NET
using Google;
using Google.Apis.Mirror.v1;
using Google.Apis.Mirror.v1.Data;
using System;
using System.Net;
// ...
public class MyClass {
// ...
/// <summary>
/// Print a timeline item's metadata.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="service">Mirror service instance.</param>
/// <param name="itemId">ID of the timeline item to print metadata for.</param>
private static void printTimelineItem(MirrorService service, String itemId) {
try {
TimelineItem item = service.Timeline.Get(itemId).Fetch();
Console.WriteLine("Text: " + item.Text);
Console.WriteLine("HTML: " + item.Html);
} catch (GoogleApiRequestException e) {
if (e.HttpStatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized) {
// Credentials have been revoked.
// TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove the
// credentials from the database.
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
}
//...
}
Ruby
require 'google/api_client'
##
# Print a timeline item's metadata.
#
# @param [Google::APIClient] client
# Authorized client instance
# @param [String] item_id
# ID of timeline item to print
# @return nil
def print_timeline_item(client, item_id)
mirror = client.discovered_api('mirror', 'v1')
result = client.execute(
:api_method => mirror.timeline.get,
:parameters => { 'id' => item_id })
if result.success?
item = result.data
puts "Text: #{item.text}"
puts "Html: #{item.html}"
elseif result.status == 401
# Credentials have been revoked.
# TODO: Redirect the user to the authorization URL and/or remove
# the credentials from the database.
raise NotImplementedError, 'Redirect the user.'
end
else
puts "An error occurred: #{result.data['error']['message']}"
end
end