Vinculação simplificada com o OAuth e o Login do Google

Visão geral

A vinculação simplificada do Login do Google baseada em OAuth adiciona o Login do Google em cima da vinculação OAuth. Isso oferece uma experiência de vinculação perfeita para os usuários do Google e também permite a criação de contas, o que permite que o usuário crie uma nova conta no seu serviço usando a Conta do Google.

Para vincular contas com OAuth e o Login do Google, siga estas etapas gerais:

  1. Primeiro, peça para o usuário dar consentimento para acessar o perfil do Google.
  2. Use as informações do perfil para verificar se a conta do usuário existe.
  3. Para usuários existentes, vincule as contas.
  4. Se não encontrar uma correspondência para o usuário do Google no seu sistema de autenticação, valide o token de ID recebido do Google. Em seguida, crie um usuário com base nas informações do perfil contidas no token de ID.
Esta figura mostra as etapas para um usuário vincular a Conta do Google usando o fluxo de vinculação simplificado. A primeira captura de tela mostra como um usuário pode selecionar seu app para vinculação. A segunda captura de tela permite que o usuário confirme se ele tem ou não uma conta no seu serviço. A terceira captura de tela permite que o usuário selecione a Conta do Google que ele quer vincular. A quarta captura de tela mostra a confirmação da vinculação da Conta do Google ao seu app. A quinta captura de tela mostra uma conta de usuário vinculada ao app Google.

Figura 1. Vinculação de conta no smartphone de um usuário com a vinculação simplificada

Requisitos para vinculação simplificada

Implementar seu servidor OAuth

O endpoint de troca de token precisa oferecer suporte às intenções check, create e get. A seguir, mostramos as etapas concluídas no fluxo de vinculação da conta e indicamos quando as diferentes intents são chamadas:

  1. O usuário tem uma conta no seu sistema de autenticação? (O usuário decide selecionando SIM ou NÃO)
    1. SIM : o usuário usa o e-mail associado à Conta do Google para fazer login na sua plataforma? (O usuário decide selecionando SIM ou NÃO)
      1. SIM : o usuário tem uma conta correspondente no seu sistema de autenticação? (check intent é chamado para confirmar)
        1. SIM : get intent é chamada e a conta é vinculada se a intent de recebimento retornar com sucesso.
        2. Não : criar uma nova conta? (O usuário decide selecionando SIM ou NÃO)
          1. SIM : create intent é chamado e a conta é vinculada se a intent de criação retornar com sucesso.
          2. NÃO : o fluxo do OAuth da Web é acionado, o usuário é direcionado ao navegador e tem a opção de vincular um e-mail diferente.
      2. NÃO : o fluxo do OAuth da Web é acionado, o usuário é direcionado ao navegador e tem a opção de vincular um e-mail diferente.
    2. NÃO : o usuário tem uma conta correspondente no seu sistema de autenticação? (check intent é chamado para confirmar)
      1. SIM : get intent é chamada e a conta é vinculada se a intent de recebimento retornar com sucesso.
      2. NÃO : create intent é chamado e a conta é vinculada se a intent de criação retornar com sucesso.

检查现有用户账号（检查 intent）

在用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料后，Google 会发送 请求，其中包含 Google 用户身份的已签名断言。通过 断言包含的信息包括用户的 Google 账号 ID、 姓名和电子邮件地址为您的 Google Cloud 控制台配置的令牌交换端点 项目处理该请求。

如果您的身份验证中已有相应的 Google 账号 系统时，您的令牌交换端点会返回 account_found=true。如果 Google 账号与现有用户不匹配，您的令牌交换端点 返回“HTTP 404 Not Found”错误以及 account_found=false。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

令牌端点参数
intent 对于这些请求，此参数的值为 check。
grant_type 所交换的令牌的类型。对于这类请求 参数的值为 urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer。
assertion 一个 JSON Web 令牌 (JWT)，提供 Google 用户身份。JWT 包含的信息包括用户 Google 账号 ID、姓名和电子邮件地址。
client_id 您分配给 Google 的客户 ID。
client_secret 您分配给 Google 的客户端密钥。

如需响应 check intent 请求，您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤：

  • 验证和解码 JWT 断言。
  • 检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号。
Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example: 

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

  • email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
  • email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

  • Google 账号 ID（可在断言的 sub 字段中找到）位于您的用户中 数据库。
  • 断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果满足上述任一条件，则表明用户已注册。在这种情况下 返回如下所示的响应：

HTTP/1.1 200 Success
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"true",
}

如果 Google 账号 ID 和 断言与您的数据库中的用户匹配，该用户尚未注册。在 在这种情况下，您的令牌交换端点需要返回 HTTP 404 错误 指定 "account_found": "false"，如以下示例所示：

HTTP/1.1 404 Not found
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"false",
}

处理自动链接（获取 intent）

在用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料后，Google 会发送 请求，其中包含 Google 用户身份的已签名断言。通过 断言包含的信息包括用户的 Google 账号 ID、 姓名和电子邮件地址为您的 Google Cloud 控制台配置的令牌交换端点 项目处理该请求。

如果您的身份验证中已有相应的 Google 账号 系统，您的令牌交换端点将为用户返回一个令牌。如果 Google 账号与现有用户不匹配，您的令牌交换端点 返回 linking_error 错误和可选的 login_hint。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

令牌端点参数
intent 对于这些请求，此参数的值为 get。
grant_type 所交换的令牌的类型。对于这类请求 参数的值为 urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer。
assertion 一个 JSON Web 令牌 (JWT)，提供 Google 用户身份。JWT 包含的信息包括用户 Google 账号 ID、姓名和电子邮件地址。
scope 可选：您已将 Google 配置为向其请求访问权限的任何范围 用户。
client_id 您分配给 Google 的客户 ID。
client_secret 您分配给 Google 的客户端密钥。

如需响应 get intent 请求，您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤：

  • 验证和解码 JWT 断言。
  • 检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号。
Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example: 

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

  • email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
  • email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

  • Google 账号 ID（可在断言的 sub 字段中找到）位于您的用户中 数据库。
  • 断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果找到了用户的账号，请发出访问令牌，并在 HTTPS 响应正文的 JSON 对象中返回相应值，如以下示例所示： 

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

在某些情况下，基于 ID 令牌的账号关联可能会失败。如果 因为任何原因，您的令牌交换端点都需要以 HTTP 响应 指定 error=linking_error 的 401 错误，如以下示例所示：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

当 Google 收到包含 linking_error 的 401 错误响应时，会发送 使用 login_hint 作为参数将用户发送到您的授权端点。通过 用户在浏览器中使用 OAuth 关联流程完成账号关联。

通过 Google 登录功能处理账号创建（创建 intent）

当用户需要在您的服务中创建账号时，Google 会发出请求 发送到指定 intent=create 的令牌交换端点。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

令牌端点参数
intent 对于这些请求，此参数的值为 create。
grant_type 所交换的令牌的类型。对于这类请求 参数的值为 urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer。
assertion 一个 JSON Web 令牌 (JWT)，提供 Google 用户身份。JWT 包含的信息包括用户 Google 账号 ID、姓名和电子邮件地址。
client_id 您分配给 Google 的客户 ID。
client_secret 您分配给 Google 的客户端密钥。

assertion 参数中的 JWT 包含用户的 Google 账号 ID。 姓名和电子邮件地址，可用于在 Gmail 中创建新账号 服务。

如需响应 create intent 请求，您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤：

  • 验证和解码 JWT 断言。
  • 验证用户信息并创建新账号。
Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example: 

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

  • email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
  • email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

验证用户信息并创建新账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

  • Google 账号 ID（可在断言的 sub 字段中找到）位于您的用户中 数据库。
  • 断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果满足上述任一条件，请提示用户关联其现有账号 与其 Google 账号关联。为此，请使用 HTTP 401 错误响应请求 该参数指定 error=linking_error 并将用户的电子邮件地址作为 login_hint。以下是示例响应：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

当 Google 收到包含 linking_error 的 401 错误响应时，会发送 使用 login_hint 作为参数将用户发送到您的授权端点。通过 用户在浏览器中使用 OAuth 关联流程完成账号关联。

如果以上两个条件都不满足，请使用相应信息创建一个新的用户账号 。新账号通常不会设置密码。时间是 建议您将 Google 登录功能添加到其他平台，以便用户 使用 Google 账号登录。或者 可以通过电子邮件向用户发送链接，启动密码恢复流程，以允许 用户设置密码，以便在其他平台上登录。

创建完成后，发出一个访问令牌 和刷新令牌 并在 HTTPS 响应的正文，如以下示例所示： 

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Receber o ID do cliente da API do Google

Você vai precisar fornecer o ID do cliente da API do Google durante o processo de registro da vinculação de contas.

Para receber o ID do cliente da API usando o projeto que você criou ao concluir as etapas de Vinculação OAuth. Para isso, siga estas etapas:

  2. Crie ou selecione um projeto das APIs do Google.

    Se o projeto não tiver um ID do cliente para o tipo de aplicativo da Web, clique em Criar cliente para criar um. Inclua o domínio do seu site na caixa Origens JavaScript autorizadas. Ao realizar testes ou desenvolvimentos locais, adicione http://localhost e http://localhost:<port_number> ao campo Origens JavaScript autorizadas.

Como validar a implementação

您可以使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground 工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

  1. 点击配置 以打开 OAuth 2.0 配置窗口。
  2. 在 OAuth flow 字段中，选择 Client-side（客户端）。
  3. 在 OAuth 端点字段中，选择自定义。
  4. 在相应字段中指定您的 OAuth 2.0 端点和您分配给 Google 的客户端 ID。
  5. 在第 1 步部分，不要选择任何 Google 范围。请将此字段留空或输入对服务器有效的范围（如果您不使用 OAuth 范围，则可以输入任意字符串）。完成后，点击授权 API。
  6. 在 Step 2 和 Step 3 部分中，完成 OAuth 2.0 流程，并验证每个步骤是否按预期运行。

您可以使用 Google 账号关联演示版工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

  1. 点击使用 Google 账号登录按钮。
  2. 选择您要关联的账号。
  3. 输入服务 ID。
  4. （可选）输入您要请求访问权限的一个或多个范围。
  5. 点击开始演示。
  6. 当系统提示时，请确认您同意或拒绝关联请求。
  7. 确认您已被重定向到您的平台。