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通过 OAuth 和 Google 登录功能简化关联流程

概览

基于 OAuth 的 Google 登录简化关联功能会在 OAuth 关联。这样可以为 Google 用户），它还支持账号创建功能，即允许用户使用其 Google 账号在您的服务中创建新账号。

如需通过 OAuth 和 Google 登录机制执行账号关联，请遵循以下常规步骤：

首先，请用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料。
使用用户个人资料中的信息检查用户账号是否存在。
对于现有用户，请关联账号。
如果您在身份验证系统中找不到与 Google 用户匹配的信息，验证从 Google 收到的 ID 令牌。然后，您可以根据对 ID 令牌中包含的个人资料信息有效。

此图显示了用户使用简化的关联流程关联 Google 账号的步骤。第一个屏幕截图显示了用户如何选择要关联的应用。第二个屏幕截图可让用户确认他们是否已在您的服务中拥有账号。通过第三个屏幕截图，用户可以选择要关联的 Google 账号。第四个屏幕截图显示了将用户的 Google 账号与您的应用相关联的确认信息。第五个屏幕截图显示 Google 应用中已成功关联的用户账号。

图 1. 通过“精简关联”功能在用户手机上进行账号关联

简化关联的要求

实现基本网络 OAuth 关联流程。您的服务必须支持符合 OAuth 2.0 规定授权端点和令牌交换端点。
您的令牌交换端点必须支持 JSON 网络令牌 (JWT) 断言，并实现 check、create 和 get intent。

。

注册您的 Google API 客户端 ID。

实现 OAuth 服务器

您的令牌交换端点必须支持 check、create、get intent。下面显示了通过账号关联流程完成的步骤，并指明了不同 intent 的调用时间：

用户在您的身份验证系统中是否有账号？（用户可通过选择“是”或“否”来决定） <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
1. 是：用户是否使用与其 Google 账号关联的电子邮件地址登录您的平台？（用户可通过选择“是”或“否”来决定） <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
  1. 是：用户在您的身份验证系统中是否拥有匹配的账号？（系统会调用 check intent 来进行确认）
    1. 是：如果成功返回 get intent，系统会调用 get intent 并关联账号。
    2. 否：要创建新账号吗？（用户可通过选择“是”或“否”来决定） <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
      1. 是：如果成功返回 create intent，系统会调用 create intent 并关联账号。
      2. 否：会触发网络 OAuth 流程，将用户定向到其浏览器，并为用户提供链接到其他电子邮件的选项。
  2. 否：触发网络 OAuth 流程，将用户定向到其浏览器，并为用户提供用于链接到其他电子邮件的选项。
2. 否：用户在您的身份验证系统中是否拥有匹配的账号？（系统会调用 check intent 来进行确认）
  1. 是：如果成功返回 get intent，系统会调用 get intent 并关联账号。
  2. 否：如果成功返回 create intent，系统会调用 create intent 并关联账号。

检查现有用户账号（检查 intent）

在用户同意访问其 Google 个人资料后，Google 会发送请求，其中包含 Google 用户身份的已签名断言。通过断言包含的信息包括用户的 Google 账号 ID、姓名和电子邮件地址为您的 Google Cloud 控制台配置的令牌交换端点项目处理该请求。

如果您的身份验证中已有相应的 Google 账号系统时，您的令牌交换端点会返回 account_found=true。如果 Google 账号与现有用户不匹配，您的令牌交换端点返回“HTTP 404 Not Found”错误以及 account_found=false。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

令牌端点参数
`intent`	对于这些请求，此参数的值为 `check`。
`grant_type`	所交换的令牌的类型。对于这类请求参数的值为 `urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer`。
`assertion`	一个 JSON Web 令牌 (JWT)，提供 Google 用户身份。JWT 包含的信息包括用户 Google 账号 ID、姓名和电子邮件地址。
`client_id`	您分配给 Google 的客户 ID。
`client_secret`	您分配给 Google 的客户端密钥。

如需响应 check intent 请求，您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤：

验证和解码 JWT 断言。
检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号。

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

Google 账号 ID（可在断言的 sub 字段中找到）位于您的用户中数据库。
断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果满足上述任一条件，则表明用户已注册。在这种情况下返回如下所示的响应：

HTTP/1.1 200 Success
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"true",
}

如果 Google 账号 ID 和断言与您的数据库中的用户匹配，该用户尚未注册。在在这种情况下，您的令牌交换端点需要返回 HTTP 404 错误指定 "account_found": "false"，如以下示例所示：

HTTP/1.1 404 Not found
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"false",
}

处理自动链接（获取 intent）

如果您的身份验证中已有相应的 Google 账号系统，您的令牌交换端点将为用户返回一个令牌。如果 Google 账号与现有用户不匹配，您的令牌交换端点返回 linking_error 错误和可选的 login_hint。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

令牌端点参数
`intent`	对于这些请求，此参数的值为 `get`。
`grant_type`	所交换的令牌的类型。对于这类请求参数的值为 `urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer`。
`assertion`	一个 JSON Web 令牌 (JWT)，提供 Google 用户身份。JWT 包含的信息包括用户 Google 账号 ID、姓名和电子邮件地址。
`scope`	可选：您已将 Google 配置为向其请求访问权限的任何范围用户。
`client_id`	您分配给 Google 的客户 ID。
`client_secret`	您分配给 Google 的客户端密钥。

如需响应 get intent 请求，您的令牌交换端点必须执行以下步骤：

验证和解码 JWT 断言。
检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号。

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

Cases where Google is authoritative:

email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

Google 账号 ID（可在断言的 sub 字段中找到）位于您的用户中数据库。
断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果找到了用户的账号，请发出访问令牌，并在 HTTPS 响应正文的 JSON 对象中返回相应值，如以下示例所示：

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",

  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

在某些情况下，基于 ID 令牌的账号关联可能会失败。如果因为任何原因，您的令牌交换端点都需要以 HTTP 响应指定 error=linking_error 的 401 错误，如以下示例所示：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

当 Google 收到包含 linking_error 的 401 错误响应时，会发送使用 login_hint 作为参数将用户发送到您的授权端点。通过用户在浏览器中使用 OAuth 关联流程完成账号关联。

Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)

When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:

Token endpoint parameters
`intent`	For these requests, the value of this parameter is `create`.
`grant_type`	The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this parameter has the value `urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer`.
`assertion`	A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address.
`client_id`	The client ID you assigned to Google.
`client_secret`	The client secret you assigned to Google.

The JWT within the assertion parameter contains the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your service.

To respond to the create intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
Validate user information and create new account.

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

Cases where Google is authoritative:

email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Validate user information and create new account

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error and gives the user's email address as the login_hint. The following is a sample response:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint as a parameter. The user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.

If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.

When the creation is completed, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",

  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

获取您的 Google API 客户端 ID

在账号关联注册过程中，系统会要求您提供 Google API 客户端 ID。

使用您在完成 OAuth 关联步骤时创建的项目获取 API 客户端 ID。为此，请完成以下步骤：

打开凭据页面 Google API 控制台。
创建或选择 Google API 项目。

如果您的项目没有 Web 应用类型的客户端 ID，请点击 创建凭据 >OAuth 客户端 ID 创建一个凭据。请确保包含在已获授权的 JavaScript 来源框中，输入您网站的网域。当您执行本地测试或开发，则必须同时添加 http://localhost 和 http://localhost:<port_number> 添加到已获授权的 JavaScript 来源字段中。

要点：同时添加 http://localhost 和 http://localhost:<port_number> 输入已获授权的 JavaScript 来源字段以进行本地测试，或开发。
注意：客户端 ID 如以下示例所示：
```
1234567890-abc123def456.apps.googleusercontent.com
```

验证您的实现

You can validate your implementation by using the OAuth 2.0 Playground tool.

In the tool, do the following steps:

Click Configuration to open the OAuth 2.0 Configuration window.
In the OAuth flow field, select Client-side.
In the OAuth Endpoints field, select Custom.
Specify your OAuth 2.0 endpoint and the client ID you assigned to Google in the corresponding fields.
In the Step 1 section, don't select any Google scopes. Instead, leave this field blank or type a scope valid for your server (or an arbitrary string if you don't use OAuth scopes). When you're done, click Authorize APIs.
In the Step 2 and Step 3 sections, go through the OAuth 2.0 flow and verify that each step works as intended.

You can validate your implementation by using the Google Account Linking Demo tool.

In the tool, do the following steps:

Click the Sign-in with Google button.
Choose the account you'd like to link.
Enter the service ID.
Optionally enter one or more scopes that you will request access for.
Click Start Demo.
When prompted, confirm that you may consent and deny the linking request.
Confirm that you are redirected to your platform.