Privacy Sandbox 文章和文档假定读者了解隐私权、广告和 Web 开发方面的概念。此术语表介绍了关键术语。
广告竞价 (Protected Audience API)
In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.
广告素材
Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.
Ad Exchange
广告交易平台是一种用于自动买卖来自多个广告联盟的广告资源的平台。
广告资源、广告空间
Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.
广告平台（广告技术平台）
广告平台是指提供广告投放服务的公司。
广告客户
广告客户是指付费宣传其产品的公司。
可汇总报告的会计核算
分布式账本，位于两个协调者中，用于跟踪分配的隐私预算并强制执行“无重复”规则。这是位于协调器中并在其中运行的隐私保护机制，可确保没有任何报告在通过汇总服务时超出分配的隐私预算。
可汇总报告的会计核算预算
对预算的引用，用于确保不会对单个报告进行多次处理。
可汇总的报告
可汇总的报告是从单个用户设备发送的经过加密的报告。这些报告包含有关跨网站用户行为和转化的数据。转化（有时称为归因触发器事件）和相关指标由广告客户或广告技术平台定义。每个报告均已加密，以防止各方访问底层数据。
汇总服务
由广告技术平台运营的服务，用于处理可汇总报告以创建摘要报告。
如需详细了解汇总服务的背景信息，请参阅我们的说明文档和完整条款列表。
API 调用方
An API caller is an entity, such as an app, a third-party SDK, or a website, that makes a request to the Topics API to access a user's interests.
证明
一种用于对软件身份进行身份验证的机制，通常使用加密哈希或签名。对于汇总服务提案，认证会将广告技术平台运营的汇总服务中运行的代码与开源代码进行匹配。
归因
归因是指识别有助于带来结果的用户操作。
例如，广告点击次数或观看次数与转化次数之间的关联。
Blink
Blink 是 Chrome 使用的渲染引擎，作为 Chromium 项目的一部分开发。
采购员
A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.
Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.
Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.
Chromium
Chromium 是一个开源网络浏览器项目。Chrome、Microsoft Edge、Opera 等 浏览器都基于 Chromium
点击型转化 (CTC)
点击型转化是指归因于用户点击的广告的转化。
点击率 (CTR)
点击率是点击广告后看到了广告的用户的比率。
贡献绑定
可汇总报告可以包含任意数量的计数器增量。例如，报告中可能包含用户在广告客户网站上查看过的产品数量。与单个来源事件相关的所有可汇总报告中增量的总和不得超过给定限制，例如 L1=2^16 (65,536)。
转化
A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.
For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.
Cookie
Cookie 是网站可存储在用户浏览器中的一小段文本数据。 当用户在网络上移动时，网站可以使用 Cookie 保存与用户关联的信息（或对网站后端服务器上存储的数据的引用）。
例如，网店即使用户未登录也可以保留购物车详细信息，或者网站可以记录用户在其网站上的浏览活动。请参阅第一方 Cookie 和第三方 Cookie。
协调者
负责密钥管理和汇总报告会计核算的实体。协调者会维护已获批准的汇总服务配置的哈希列表，并配置对解密密钥的访问权限。
粗糙数据
Coarse data refers to limited information provided by Attribution Reporting API event-level reports. This is limited to 3 pieces of conversion data for clicks and 1 piece for views. Specific, granular conversion data (such as specific prices of items and timestamps) are not included.
数据管理平台 (DMP)
数据管理平台是一种软件，用于收集和管理与广告客户相关的数据。这些平台可帮助广告主和发布商确定细分受众群，然后将其用于广告系列定位。
详细了解 DMP。
需求方平台 (DSP)
A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.
差分隐私
Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.
网域
熵
Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.
Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.
Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.
周期
在 Topics API 中，“周期”是指浏览器根据用户的浏览活动为其推断主题的时间段。当前设置为 1 周。
eTLD、eTLD+1
eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.
For example:
co.uk
github.io
glitch.me
Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from
bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole
site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.
See also Top-Level Domain.
事件级报告
Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.
Federated Credential Management API (FedCM)
Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.
FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.
联合身份（联合登录）
联合身份是一个第三方平台，可让用户登录网站，而无需网站实现自己的身份服务。
Fenced frame
(<fencedframe>) 建议用于嵌入内容，类似于 iframe。与 iframe 不同，围栏框架会限制与其嵌入上下文的通信，以允许框架访问跨网站数据，而无需与嵌入上下文共享数据。
某些 Privacy Sandbox API 可能需要特定文档才能在围栏框架中呈现。详细了解围栏框架提案。
数字“指纹”收集
Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.
Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.
指纹收集界面
数字“指纹”收集表面可以（可能与其他表面结合使用）来识别特定用户或设备。
例如，navigator.userAgent() JavaScript 方法和 User-Agent HTTP 请求标头提供对数字“指纹”收集表面（用户代理字符串）的访问权限。
第一方
第一方资源是指来自您当前访问的网站的资源。
例如，您正在阅读的网页位于 developer.chrome.com 网站上，其中包含从该网站请求的资源。针对这些第一方资源的请求称为“第一方请求”。当您在此网站上存储的 developer.chrome.com 中的 Cookie 称为第一方 Cookie。
另请参阅第三方。
第一方 Cookie
A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.
For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.
I2E
实验意图 (I2E) 表示我们计划向用户发布一项新的 Blink 功能以进行测试（通常是通过源试用）。
I2EE
扩展实验 (I2EE) 的意图是关于延长源试用时长的计划公告。
I2P
Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.
I2S
intent to Ship (I2S) 是一项计划公告，旨在说明我们计划在稳定版 Chrome 中向用户提供 Blink 的新功能。
展示
展示可能是指：
针对用户兴趣投放广告 (IBA)
Interest-based advertising (IBA) is a form of personalized advertising in which an ad is selected for a user based on their interests, inferred from the user's activity: the sites they've recently visited on the web, or the apps they used on Android. This is different from contextual advertising, which aims to match ads to the content the user is viewing.
兴趣群体
在 Protected Audience API（以前称为 FLEDGE）中，兴趣群体代表一组具有共同兴趣的用户，与一个再营销名单相对应。
每个兴趣组都有一个所有者。不同类型的所有者会根据不同的用例创建不同类型的兴趣群体。
广告资源
广告资源是网站上可用的广告位。广告位是可用来展示广告的 HTML 标记（通常是 <div> 标记）。
k-匿名性
K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).
噪声和缩放
在汇总过程中向摘要报告添加的统计噪声，用于保护隐私并确保最终报告提供匿名化衡量信息。
Nonce
Nonce 是在加密通信中仅使用一次的任意数字。
来源
来源由架构（协议）、主机名（网域）和用于访问的网址的端口定义。
例如：https://developer.chrome.com
来源试用
Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.
When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.
Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.
被动表面
Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.
Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.
The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.
Protected Audience API
Protected Audience API 是 FLEDGE API 的新名称。
发布商
在 Privacy Sandbox 环境中，发布商是一个设有广告空间的网站，可通过付费来展示广告。
覆盖面
覆盖面是指看到广告或访问了展示广告的网页的用户总数。
实时出价 (RTB)
实时出价是一种自动竞价机制，用于买卖网站上的广告展示，在网页加载期间完成。
再营销
Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.
For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.
举报来源
接收可汇总报告的实体，也就是您或调用了 Attribution Reporting API 的广告技术平台。可汇总的报告会从用户设备发送到与报告来源关联的知名网址。报告来源是在注册期间指定的。
缩放比例
在 Attribution Reporting API 中，缩放系数是指您选择将可汇总值乘以的倍数。调整预算会影响噪声效果和您的贡献预算。
卖家
A seller is the party running an ad auction, likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself.
共享 ID
计算值，由 shared_info、reporting_origin、destination_site（仅限 Attribution Reporting API）、source_registration-time（仅限 Attribution Reporting API）、scheduled_report_time 和版本组成。
如果多个报告在 shared_info 字段中具有相同的属性，则应具有相同的共享 ID。共享 ID 在可汇总报告的会计核算中发挥着重要作用。
网站
网站相当于一个 eTLD+1，并包含一个协议。
另请参阅顶级域名。
存储分区
Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.
Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.
摘要报告
Attribution Reporting API 和 Private Aggregation API 报告类型。摘要报告包含汇总的用户数据，并且可能包含添加了噪声的详细转化数据。摘要报告由汇总报告组成。与事件级报告相比，这些报告具有更高的灵活性，并提供更丰富的数据模型，对于转化价值等某些用例尤其如此。
供应方平台、销售方平台
A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.
Surface
第三方
第三方是指由与您正在访问的网站不同的网域提供的资源。
例如，网站 foo.com 可能会使用来自 google-analytics.com 的分析代码（通过 JavaScript）、来自 use.typekit.net 的字体（通过链接元素）以及来自 vimeo.com 的视频（在 iframe 中）。另请参阅第一方。
第三方 Cookie
A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.
For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.
See also First-party cookie.
顶级域名 (TLD)
Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.
主题
A topic is a human-readable topic of interest of a user and is part of the Topics taxonomy.
Topics 分类
The Topics taxonomy is a public, human-curated, human-readable hierarchy of categories that the Topics API uses to represent users' interests.
可信执行环境 (TEE)
计算机硬件和软件的安全配置，可让外部方验证机器上运行的软件的确切版本，而无需担心信息泄露。通过 TEE，外部方可以确认软件的行为和功能与其制造商声称的完全一致，不多不少。
如需详细了解用于 Privacy Sandbox 方案的 TEE，请参阅 Protected Audience API 服务说明文档和汇总服务说明文档。
用户代理客户端提示 (UA-CH)
User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.
UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."
用户代理字符串
A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.
.well-known
.well-known 文件用于添加从标准化网址到网站的重定向。
例如，如果网站设置了从 /.well-known/change-password 到网站更改密码页面的重定向，则密码管理工具可以让用户更轻松地更新密码。
此外，在发出请求之前访问主机的政策或其他信息也很有用。例如，robots.txt 会告知网页抓取工具要访问哪些网页以及要忽略哪些网页。IETF RFC8615 概述了一种标准化方法，以使网站级元数据可在 /.well-known/ 子目录中的标准位置访问。
如需查看针对 .well-known 的建议列表，请访问 iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml。
worklet
借助 worklet，您可以运行特定的 JavaScript 函数并将信息返回给请求者。在 Worklet 中，您可以执行 JavaScript，但无法与外部页面进行交互或通信。
Worklet 通过 Shared Storage API 存储和提取数据。