將巨集複製到其他試算表

程式設計層級:中級
時間長度:30 分鐘
專案類型:Google Workspace 外掛程式

目標

  • 瞭解解決方案的功能。
  • 瞭解 Apps Script 服務在 解決方案
  • 設定環境。
  • 設定指令碼。
  • 執行指令碼。

認識這項解決方案

您可以手動將試算表的 Google 試算表巨集複製到其他試算表 不僅耗時又容易出錯這個 Google Workspace 外掛程式會自動安裝 複製指令碼專案,並附加到使用者指定的試算表。儘管 這項解決方案著重於試算表巨集 並分享任何容器繫結指令碼

Share Macro Google Workspace 外掛程式的螢幕截圖

運作方式

指令碼會複製與 原始試算表並建立重複的 Apps Script 專案 繫結至使用者指定的試算表。

Apps Script 服務

這項解決方案使用下列服務:

必要條件

如要使用這個範例,您必須具備下列先決條件:

設定環境

在 Google Cloud 控制台中開啟 Cloud 專案

如果沒有開啟,請開啟您要使用的 Cloud 專案 定義:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,前往「選取專案」頁面。

    選取 Cloud 專案

  2. 選取要使用的 Google Cloud 專案。或是按一下「建立專案」,然後按照畫面上的指示操作。如要建立 Google Cloud 專案,您可能需要開啟該專案的計費功能

開啟 Google Apps Script API

本快速入門導覽課程會使用 Google Apps Script API。

您必須先在 Google Cloud 專案中啟用這些 Google API,才能使用這些 API。 您可以在單一 Google Cloud 專案中啟用一或多個 API。
  • 在 Cloud 專案中,開啟 Google Apps Script API。

    啟用 API

必須為 Google Workspace 外掛程式設定同意畫面。設定中 您外掛程式的 OAuth 同意畫面會定義 Google 向使用者顯示

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,前往「選單」圖示 > API 與服務 >「OAuth 同意畫面」

    前往 OAuth 同意畫面

  2. 在「使用者類型」部分選取「內部」,然後按一下「建立」
  3. 填寫應用程式註冊表單,然後按一下「儲存並繼續」
  4. 您現在可以略過新增範圍的步驟,然後按一下「儲存並繼續」。 日後您可以製作並使用應用程式 Google Workspace 機構,您必須將「使用者類型」變更為「外部」, 新增應用程式所需的授權範圍。

  5. 查看應用程式註冊摘要。如要修改資訊,請按一下「編輯」。如果應用程式 註冊看起來沒有問題,請按一下 [返回資訊主頁]

設定指令碼

建立 Apps Script 專案

  1. 按一下下方按鈕開啟共用巨集 Apps Script 專案。
    開啟專案
  2. 按一下「總覽」圖示
  3. 在總覽頁面中,按一下「建立副本」圖示 用來建立副本的圖示

複製 Cloud 專案編號

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,前往「選單」圖示 > IAM 與管理員 >「設定」

    前往「IAM &」(身分與存取權管理) 頁面管理員設定

  2. 複製「Project number」欄位中的值。

設定 Apps Script 專案的 Cloud 專案

  1. 在複製的 Apps Script 專案中, 按一下「Project Settings」圖示 專案設定圖示
  2. 在「Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Project」(Google Cloud Platform (GCP) 專案) 下方,按一下 [變更專案]
  3. 在「GCP 專案編號」中,貼上 Google Cloud 專案編號。
  4. 按一下「設定專案」

安裝測試部署作業

  1. 在複製的 Apps Script 專案中按一下「編輯器」
  2. 開啟 UI.gs 檔案,然後按一下「Run」。當系統提示時,請授權 指令碼
  3. 依序點選「部署」>「測試部署作業」
  4. 依序點選「安裝」>「完成」

取得巨集指令碼和試算表資訊

  1. 開啟含有巨集且你具備相關權限的試算表 編輯。如要使用範例試算表,請複製範例巨集 試算表
  2. 依序按一下「擴充功能」>「Apps Script」
  3. 在 Apps Script 專案中,按一下 專案設定 專案設定圖示
  4. 按一下指令碼 ID 下方的「複製」
  5. 一邊設定指令碼 ID,供後續步驟使用。
  6. 開啟或建立新的試算表以加入巨集。您必須 有權編輯這份試算表。
  7. 複製試算表網址並設為在後續步驟中使用。

執行指令碼

確認資訊主頁設定中的 Google Apps Script API 已開啟。按照下列各節中的步驟執行指令碼。

複製巨集

  1. 在 Google 試算表的右側欄中,開啟「分享巨集」外掛程式 用來建立副本的圖示
  2. 在「來源巨集」下方,貼上指令碼 ID。
  3. 在「目標試算表」下方貼上試算表網址。
  4. 按一下「共用巨集」
  5. 按一下「授予存取權」並授權外掛程式。
  6. 重複步驟 2 到 4。

開啟複製的巨集

  1. 開啟您複製巨集的試算表 (如果尚未開啟)。
  2. 依序按一下「擴充功能」>「Apps Script」
  3. 如果找不到複製的 Apps Script 專案,請確認 已在資訊主頁啟用 Google Apps Script API 設定 ,並重複「複製巨集」下方列出的步驟。

查看程式碼

如要查看這個解決方案的 Apps Script 程式碼,請按一下 查看原始碼如下:

查看原始碼

Code.gs

solutions/add-on/share-macro/Code.js
// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.devsite.corp.google.com/apps-script/add-ons/share-macro

/*
Copyright 2022 Google LLC

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

/**
 * Uses Apps Script API to copy source Apps Script project 
 * to destination Google Spreadsheet container.
 * 
 * @param {string} sourceScriptId - Script ID of the source project.
 * @param {string} targetSpreadsheetUrl - URL if the target spreadsheet.
 */
function shareMacro_(sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl) {

  // Gets the source project content using the Apps Script API.
  const sourceProject = APPS_SCRIPT_API.get(sourceScriptId);
  const sourceFiles = APPS_SCRIPT_API.getContent(sourceScriptId);

  // Opens the target spreadsheet and gets its ID.
  const parentSSId = SpreadsheetApp.openByUrl(targetSpreadsheetUrl).getId();

  // Creates an Apps Script project that's bound to the target spreadsheet.
  const targetProjectObj = APPS_SCRIPT_API.create(sourceProject.title, parentSSId);

  // Updates the Apps Script project with the source project content.
  APPS_SCRIPT_API.updateContent(targetProjectObj.scriptId, sourceFiles);

}

/**
 * Function that encapsulates Apps Script API project manipulation. 
*/
const APPS_SCRIPT_API = {
  accessToken: ScriptApp.getOAuthToken(),

  /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.get
   * Gets Apps Script source project.
   * @param {string} scriptId - Script ID of the source project.
   * @return {Object} - JSON representation of source project.
   */
  get: function (scriptId) {
    const url = ('https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects/' + scriptId);
    const options = {
      "method": 'get',
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken
      },
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
    };
    const res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      return JSON.parse(res);
    } else {
      console.log('An error occurred gettting the project details');
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  },

  /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.create
   * Creates new Apps Script project in the target spreadsheet.
   * @param {string} title - Name of Apps Script project.
   * @param {string} parentId - Internal ID of target spreadsheet.
   * @return {Object} - JSON representation completed project creation.
   */
  create: function (title, parentId) {
    const url = 'https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects';
    const options = {
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken,
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
      "method": "POST",
      "payload": { "title": title }
    }
    if (parentId) {
      options.payload.parentId = parentId;
    }
    options.payload = JSON.stringify(options.payload);
    let res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      res = JSON.parse(res);
      return res;
    } else {
      console.log("An error occurred while creating the project");
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  },
   /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.getContent
   * Gets the content of the source Apps Script project.
   * @param {string} scriptId - Script ID of the source project.
   * @return {Object} - JSON representation of Apps Script project content.
   */
   getContent: function (scriptId) {
    const url = "https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects/" + scriptId + "/content";
    const options = {
      "method": 'get',
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken
      },
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
    };
    let res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      res = JSON.parse(res);
      return res['files'];
    } else {
      console.log('An error occurred obtaining the content from the source script');
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  },

  /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.updateContent
   * Updates (copies) content from source to target Apps Script project.
   * @param {string} scriptId - Script ID of the source project.
   * @param {Object} files - JSON representation of Apps Script project content.
   * @return {boolean} - Result status of the function.
   */
  updateContent: function (scriptId, files) {
    const url = "https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects/" + scriptId + "/content";
    const options = {
      "method": 'put',
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken
      },
      "contentType": "application/json",
      "payload": JSON.stringify({ "files": files }),
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
    };
    let res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      return true;
    } else {
      console.log(`An error occurred updating content of script ${scriptId}`);
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

UI.gs

solutions/add-on/share-macro/UI.js
/**
 * Copyright 2022 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

// Change application logo here (and in manifest) as desired.
const ADDON_LOGO = 'https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png';

/**
 * Callback function for rendering the main card.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show the user.
 */
function onHomepage(e) {
  return createSelectionCard(e);
}

/**
 * Builds the primary card interface used to collect user inputs.
 * 
 * @param {Object} e - Add-on event object.
 * @param {string} sourceScriptId - Script ID of the source project.
 * @param {string} targetSpreadsheetUrl - URL of the target spreadsheet.
 * @param {string[]} errors - Array of error messages. 
 * 
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user for inputs.
 */
function createSelectionCard(e, sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl, errors) {

  // Configures card header.
  let cardHeader = CardService.newCardHeader()
    .setTitle('Share macros with other spreadheets!')
    .setImageUrl(ADDON_LOGO)
    .setImageStyle(CardService.ImageStyle.SQUARE);

  // If form errors exist, configures section with error messages.
  let showErrors = false;

  if (errors && errors.length) {
    showErrors = true;
    let msg = errors.reduce((str, err) => `${str}• ${err}<br>`, '');
    msg = `<b>Form submission errors:</b><br><font color="#ba0000">${msg}</font>`;

    // Builds error message section.
    sectionErrors = CardService.newCardSection()
      .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
        .setText(msg)
        .setWrapText(true));
  }

  // Configures source project section.
  let sectionSource = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
      .setText('<b>Source macro</b><br>The Apps Script project to copy'))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextInput()
      .setFieldName('sourceScriptId')
      .setValue(sourceScriptId || '')
      .setTitle('Script ID of the source macro')
      .setHint('You must have at least edit permission for the source spreadsheet to access its script project'))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Find the script ID')
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl('https://developers.google.com/apps-script/api/samples/execute')
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.NOTHING)));

  // Configures target spreadsheet section.
  let sectionTarget = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
      .setText('<b>Target spreadsheet</b>'))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextInput()
      .setFieldName('targetSpreadsheetUrl')
      .setValue(targetSpreadsheetUrl || '')
      .setHint('You must have at least edit permission for the target spreadsheet')
      .setTitle('Target spreadsheet URL'));

  // Configures help section.
  let sectionHelp = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
      .setText('<b><font color=#c80000>NOTE: </font></b>' +
        'The Apps Script API must be turned on.')
      .setWrapText(true))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Turn on Apps Script API')
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl('https://script.google.com/home/usersettings')
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.NOTHING)));

  // Configures card footer with action to copy the macro.
  var cardFooter = CardService.newFixedFooter()
    .setPrimaryButton(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Share macro')
      .setOnClickAction(CardService.newAction()
        .setFunctionName('onClickFunction_')));

  // Begins building the card.
  let builder = CardService.newCardBuilder()
    .setHeader(cardHeader);

  // Adds error section if applicable.
  if (showErrors) {
    builder.addSection(sectionErrors)
  }

  // Adds final sections & footer.
  builder
    .addSection(sectionSource)
    .addSection(sectionTarget)
    .addSection(sectionHelp)
    .setFixedFooter(cardFooter);

  return builder.build();
}

/**
 * Action handler that validates user inputs and calls shareMacro_
 * function to copy Apps Script project to target spreadsheet.
 * 
 * @param {Object} e - Add-on event object.
 * 
 * @return {CardService.Card} Responds with either a success or error card.
 */
function onClickFunction_(e) {

  const sourceScriptId = e.formInput.sourceScriptId;
  const targetSpreadsheetUrl = e.formInput.targetSpreadsheetUrl;

  // Validates inputs for errors.
  const errors = [];

  // Pushes an error message if the Script ID parameter is missing.
  if (!sourceScriptId) {
    errors.push('Missing script ID');
  } else {

    // Gets the Apps Script project if the Script ID parameter is valid.
    const sourceProject = APPS_SCRIPT_API.get(sourceScriptId);
    if (!sourceProject) {
      // Pushes an error message if the Script ID parameter isn't valid.
      errors.push('Invalid script ID');
    }
  }

  // Pushes an error message if the spreadsheet URL is missing.
  if (!targetSpreadsheetUrl) {
    errors.push('Missing Spreadsheet URL');
  } else
    try {
      // Tests for valid spreadsheet URL to get the spreadsheet ID.
      const ssId = SpreadsheetApp.openByUrl(targetSpreadsheetUrl).getId();
    } catch (err) {
      // Pushes an error message if the spreadsheet URL parameter isn't valid.
      errors.push('Invalid spreadsheet URL');
    }

  if (errors && errors.length) {
    // Redisplays form if inputs are missing or invalid.
    return createSelectionCard(e, sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl, errors);

  } else {
    // Calls shareMacro function to copy the project.
    shareMacro_(sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl);

    // Creates a success card to display to users.
    return buildSuccessCard(e, targetSpreadsheetUrl);
  }
}

/**
 * Builds success card to inform user & let them open the spreadsheet.
 * 
 * @param {Object} e - Add-on event object.
 * @param {string} targetSpreadsheetUrl - URL of the target spreadsheet.
 * 
 * @return {CardService.Card} Returns success card.
 */function buildSuccessCard(e, targetSpreadsheetUrl) {

  // Configures card header.
  let cardHeader = CardService.newCardHeader()
    .setTitle('Share macros with other spreadsheets!')
    .setImageUrl(ADDON_LOGO)
    .setImageStyle(CardService.ImageStyle.SQUARE);

  // Configures card body section with success message and open button.
  let sectionBody1 = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextParagraph()
      .setText('Sharing process is complete!'))
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Open spreadsheet')
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl(targetSpreadsheetUrl)
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.RELOAD_ADD_ON)));
  let sectionBody2 = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextParagraph()
      .setText('If you don\'t see the copied project in your target spreadsheet,' +
       ' make sure you turned on the Apps Script API in the Apps Script dashboard.'))
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText("Check API")
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl('https://script.google.com/home/usersettings')
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.RELOAD_ADD_ON)));

  // Configures the card footer with action to start new process.
  let cardFooter = CardService.newFixedFooter()
    .setPrimaryButton(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Share another')
      .setOnClickAction(CardService.newAction()
        .setFunctionName('onHomepage')));

  return builder = CardService.newCardBuilder()
    .setHeader(cardHeader)
    .addSection(sectionBody1)
    .addSection(sectionBody2)
    .setFixedFooter(cardFooter)
    .build();
 }

appsscript.json

solutions/add-on/share-macro/appsscript.json
{
  "timeZone": "America/Los_Angeles",
  "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER",
  "runtimeVersion": "V8",
  "oauthScopes": [
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.external_request",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.readonly",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.projects"
  ],
    "urlFetchWhitelist": [
    "https://script.googleapis.com/"
  ],
  "addOns": {
    "common": {
      "name": "Share Macro",
      "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png",
      "layoutProperties": {
        "primaryColor": "#188038",
        "secondaryColor": "#34a853"
      },
      "homepageTrigger": {
        "runFunction": "onHomepage"
      }
    },
    "sheets": {}
  }
}

貢獻者

這個範例是由 Google 在 Google Developers 專家的協助下維護。

後續步驟