将宏复制到其他电子表格

编码级别:中级
时长:30 分钟(
项目类型:Google Workspace 插件

目标

  • 了解此解决方案的用途。
  • 了解 Apps 脚本服务在 解决方案。
  • 设置环境。
  • 设置脚本。
  • 运行脚本。

关于此解决方案

要手动将 Google 表格宏从一个电子表格复制到另一个电子表格,请按以下步骤操作: 既耗时又容易出错。此 Google Workspace 插件会自动安装 复制脚本项目,并将其附加到用户指定的电子表格中。虽然 本解决方案侧重于表格宏,您可以用它来复制 并共享任何容器绑定脚本

“共享宏”Google Workspace 插件的屏幕截图

工作原理

该脚本会将 Apps 脚本项目(已绑定到 原始电子表格并创建重复的 Apps 脚本项目 绑定到用户指定的电子表格。

Apps 脚本服务

此解决方案使用以下服务:

前提条件

如需使用此示例,您需要满足以下前提条件:

设置环境

在 Google Cloud 控制台中打开您的 Cloud 项目

如果尚未打开,请打开您要使用的 Cloud 项目 示例:

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,前往选择项目页面。

    选择 Cloud 项目

  2. 选择您要使用的 Google Cloud 项目。或者,点击创建项目,然后按照屏幕上的说明操作。如果您创建的是 Google Cloud 项目,则可能需要为项目启用结算功能

启用 Google Apps Script API

本快速入门使用 Google Apps Script API。

在使用 Google API 之前,您需要先在 Google Cloud 项目中启用这些 API。 您可以在单个 Google Cloud 项目中启用一个或多个 API。
  • 在您的 Cloud 项目中,启用 Google Apps Script API。

    启用 API

Google Workspace 插件需要配置同意屏幕。正在配置 插件的 OAuth 同意屏幕定义了 Google 。

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,点击“菜单”图标 > API 和服务 > OAuth 同意屏幕

    转到 OAuth 同意屏幕

  2. 对于用户类型,选择内部,然后点击创建
  3. 填写应用注册表单,然后点击保存并继续
  4. 现在,您可以跳过添加范围,然后点击保存并继续。 以后,如果您要创建一款应用供用户使用 Google Workspace 组织,您必须将用户类型更改为外部,然后执行以下操作: 添加您的应用所需的授权范围。

  5. 查看应用注册摘要。如需进行更改,请点击修改。如果应用 点击 Back to Dashboard(返回信息中心)。

设置脚本

创建 Apps 脚本项目

  1. 点击下方按钮即可打开共享宏 Apps 脚本项目。
    打开项目
  2. 点击概览
  3. 在概览页面上,点击“复制”图标 用于制作副本的图标

复制 Cloud 项目编号

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,点击“菜单”图标 > IAM 和管理 > 设置

    转到“IAM”和管理员设置

  2. 复制项目编号字段中的值。

设置 Apps 脚本项目的 Cloud 项目

  1. 在您复制的 Apps 脚本项目中, 点击 Project Settings 图标 项目设置的图标
  2. Google Cloud Platform (GCP) 项目下,点击更改项目
  3. GCP 项目编号中,粘贴 Google Cloud 项目编号。
  4. 点击设置项目

安装测试部署

  1. 在您复制的 Apps 脚本项目中,点击 Editor(编辑器)
  2. 打开 UI.gs 文件,然后点击 Run。出现提示时,向 脚本。
  3. 点击部署 > 测试部署
  4. 依次点击安装 > 完成

获取宏脚本和电子表格信息

  1. 打开包含宏且您有权使用的表格电子表格 修改。要使用示例电子表格,请复制示例宏 电子表格
  2. 依次点击扩展程序 > Apps 脚本
  3. 在 Apps 脚本项目中,点击 项目设置 项目设置的图标
  4. 在脚本 ID 下,点击复制
  5. 请保留脚本 ID,以便在后续步骤中使用。
  6. 打开或创建新的电子表格(您要向其中添加宏)。您必须 您有权编辑该电子表格。
  7. 复制电子表格网址,并将其预留以供后续步骤使用。

运行脚本

确保在信息中心设置中启用了 Google Apps Script API。请按照以下部分中的步骤运行脚本。

复制宏

  1. 在 Google 表格的右侧边栏中,打开“共享宏”插件 用于制作副本的图标
  2. 源代码宏下方,粘贴脚本 ID。
  3. 目标电子表格下方,粘贴相应电子表格的网址。
  4. 点击共享宏
  5. 点击授予访问权限并为该插件授权。
  6. 重复第 2-4 步。

打开复制的宏

  1. 如果宏未打开,请打开您将宏复制到的电子表格。
  2. 依次点击扩展程序 > Apps 脚本
  3. 如果您没有看到复制的 Apps 脚本项目,请确保 已在信息中心启用 Google Apps Script API 设置 然后重复复制宏下列出的步骤。

查看代码

如需查看此解决方案的 Apps 脚本代码,请点击 下面查看源代码

查看源代码

Code.gs

solutions/add-on/share-macro/Code.js
// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.devsite.corp.google.com/apps-script/add-ons/share-macro

/*
Copyright 2022 Google LLC

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

/**
 * Uses Apps Script API to copy source Apps Script project 
 * to destination Google Spreadsheet container.
 * 
 * @param {string} sourceScriptId - Script ID of the source project.
 * @param {string} targetSpreadsheetUrl - URL if the target spreadsheet.
 */
function shareMacro_(sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl) {

  // Gets the source project content using the Apps Script API.
  const sourceProject = APPS_SCRIPT_API.get(sourceScriptId);
  const sourceFiles = APPS_SCRIPT_API.getContent(sourceScriptId);

  // Opens the target spreadsheet and gets its ID.
  const parentSSId = SpreadsheetApp.openByUrl(targetSpreadsheetUrl).getId();

  // Creates an Apps Script project that's bound to the target spreadsheet.
  const targetProjectObj = APPS_SCRIPT_API.create(sourceProject.title, parentSSId);

  // Updates the Apps Script project with the source project content.
  APPS_SCRIPT_API.updateContent(targetProjectObj.scriptId, sourceFiles);

}

/**
 * Function that encapsulates Apps Script API project manipulation. 
*/
const APPS_SCRIPT_API = {
  accessToken: ScriptApp.getOAuthToken(),

  /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.get
   * Gets Apps Script source project.
   * @param {string} scriptId - Script ID of the source project.
   * @return {Object} - JSON representation of source project.
   */
  get: function (scriptId) {
    const url = ('https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects/' + scriptId);
    const options = {
      "method": 'get',
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken
      },
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
    };
    const res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      return JSON.parse(res);
    } else {
      console.log('An error occurred gettting the project details');
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  },

  /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.create
   * Creates new Apps Script project in the target spreadsheet.
   * @param {string} title - Name of Apps Script project.
   * @param {string} parentId - Internal ID of target spreadsheet.
   * @return {Object} - JSON representation completed project creation.
   */
  create: function (title, parentId) {
    const url = 'https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects';
    const options = {
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken,
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
      },
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
      "method": "POST",
      "payload": { "title": title }
    }
    if (parentId) {
      options.payload.parentId = parentId;
    }
    options.payload = JSON.stringify(options.payload);
    let res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      res = JSON.parse(res);
      return res;
    } else {
      console.log("An error occurred while creating the project");
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  },
   /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.getContent
   * Gets the content of the source Apps Script project.
   * @param {string} scriptId - Script ID of the source project.
   * @return {Object} - JSON representation of Apps Script project content.
   */
   getContent: function (scriptId) {
    const url = "https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects/" + scriptId + "/content";
    const options = {
      "method": 'get',
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken
      },
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
    };
    let res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      res = JSON.parse(res);
      return res['files'];
    } else {
      console.log('An error occurred obtaining the content from the source script');
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  },

  /* APPS_SCRIPT_API.updateContent
   * Updates (copies) content from source to target Apps Script project.
   * @param {string} scriptId - Script ID of the source project.
   * @param {Object} files - JSON representation of Apps Script project content.
   * @return {boolean} - Result status of the function.
   */
  updateContent: function (scriptId, files) {
    const url = "https://script.googleapis.com/v1/projects/" + scriptId + "/content";
    const options = {
      "method": 'put',
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer " + this.accessToken
      },
      "contentType": "application/json",
      "payload": JSON.stringify({ "files": files }),
      "muteHttpExceptions": true,
    };
    let res = UrlFetchApp.fetch(url, options);
    if (res.getResponseCode() == 200) {
      return true;
    } else {
      console.log(`An error occurred updating content of script ${scriptId}`);
      console.log(res.getResponseCode());
      console.log(res.getContentText());
      console.log(res);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

UI.gs

solutions/add-on/share-macro/UI.js
/**
 * Copyright 2022 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

// Change application logo here (and in manifest) as desired.
const ADDON_LOGO = 'https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png';

/**
 * Callback function for rendering the main card.
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show the user.
 */
function onHomepage(e) {
  return createSelectionCard(e);
}

/**
 * Builds the primary card interface used to collect user inputs.
 * 
 * @param {Object} e - Add-on event object.
 * @param {string} sourceScriptId - Script ID of the source project.
 * @param {string} targetSpreadsheetUrl - URL of the target spreadsheet.
 * @param {string[]} errors - Array of error messages. 
 * 
 * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user for inputs.
 */
function createSelectionCard(e, sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl, errors) {

  // Configures card header.
  let cardHeader = CardService.newCardHeader()
    .setTitle('Share macros with other spreadheets!')
    .setImageUrl(ADDON_LOGO)
    .setImageStyle(CardService.ImageStyle.SQUARE);

  // If form errors exist, configures section with error messages.
  let showErrors = false;

  if (errors && errors.length) {
    showErrors = true;
    let msg = errors.reduce((str, err) => `${str}${err}<br>`, '');
    msg = `<b>Form submission errors:</b><br><font color="#ba0000">${msg}</font>`;

    // Builds error message section.
    sectionErrors = CardService.newCardSection()
      .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
        .setText(msg)
        .setWrapText(true));
  }

  // Configures source project section.
  let sectionSource = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
      .setText('<b>Source macro</b><br>The Apps Script project to copy'))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextInput()
      .setFieldName('sourceScriptId')
      .setValue(sourceScriptId || '')
      .setTitle('Script ID of the source macro')
      .setHint('You must have at least edit permission for the source spreadsheet to access its script project'))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Find the script ID')
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl('https://developers.google.com/apps-script/api/samples/execute')
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.NOTHING)));

  // Configures target spreadsheet section.
  let sectionTarget = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
      .setText('<b>Target spreadsheet</b>'))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextInput()
      .setFieldName('targetSpreadsheetUrl')
      .setValue(targetSpreadsheetUrl || '')
      .setHint('You must have at least edit permission for the target spreadsheet')
      .setTitle('Target spreadsheet URL'));

  // Configures help section.
  let sectionHelp = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newDecoratedText()
      .setText('<b><font color=#c80000>NOTE: </font></b>' +
        'The Apps Script API must be turned on.')
      .setWrapText(true))

    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Turn on Apps Script API')
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl('https://script.google.com/home/usersettings')
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.NOTHING)));

  // Configures card footer with action to copy the macro.
  var cardFooter = CardService.newFixedFooter()
    .setPrimaryButton(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Share macro')
      .setOnClickAction(CardService.newAction()
        .setFunctionName('onClickFunction_')));

  // Begins building the card.
  let builder = CardService.newCardBuilder()
    .setHeader(cardHeader);

  // Adds error section if applicable.
  if (showErrors) {
    builder.addSection(sectionErrors)
  }

  // Adds final sections & footer.
  builder
    .addSection(sectionSource)
    .addSection(sectionTarget)
    .addSection(sectionHelp)
    .setFixedFooter(cardFooter);

  return builder.build();
}

/**
 * Action handler that validates user inputs and calls shareMacro_
 * function to copy Apps Script project to target spreadsheet.
 * 
 * @param {Object} e - Add-on event object.
 * 
 * @return {CardService.Card} Responds with either a success or error card.
 */
function onClickFunction_(e) {

  const sourceScriptId = e.formInput.sourceScriptId;
  const targetSpreadsheetUrl = e.formInput.targetSpreadsheetUrl;

  // Validates inputs for errors.
  const errors = [];

  // Pushes an error message if the Script ID parameter is missing.
  if (!sourceScriptId) {
    errors.push('Missing script ID');
  } else {

    // Gets the Apps Script project if the Script ID parameter is valid.
    const sourceProject = APPS_SCRIPT_API.get(sourceScriptId);
    if (!sourceProject) {
      // Pushes an error message if the Script ID parameter isn't valid.
      errors.push('Invalid script ID');
    }
  }

  // Pushes an error message if the spreadsheet URL is missing.
  if (!targetSpreadsheetUrl) {
    errors.push('Missing Spreadsheet URL');
  } else
    try {
      // Tests for valid spreadsheet URL to get the spreadsheet ID.
      const ssId = SpreadsheetApp.openByUrl(targetSpreadsheetUrl).getId();
    } catch (err) {
      // Pushes an error message if the spreadsheet URL parameter isn't valid.
      errors.push('Invalid spreadsheet URL');
    }

  if (errors && errors.length) {
    // Redisplays form if inputs are missing or invalid.
    return createSelectionCard(e, sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl, errors);

  } else {
    // Calls shareMacro function to copy the project.
    shareMacro_(sourceScriptId, targetSpreadsheetUrl);

    // Creates a success card to display to users.
    return buildSuccessCard(e, targetSpreadsheetUrl);
  }
}

/**
 * Builds success card to inform user & let them open the spreadsheet.
 * 
 * @param {Object} e - Add-on event object.
 * @param {string} targetSpreadsheetUrl - URL of the target spreadsheet.
 * 
 * @return {CardService.Card} Returns success card.
 */function buildSuccessCard(e, targetSpreadsheetUrl) {

  // Configures card header.
  let cardHeader = CardService.newCardHeader()
    .setTitle('Share macros with other spreadsheets!')
    .setImageUrl(ADDON_LOGO)
    .setImageStyle(CardService.ImageStyle.SQUARE);

  // Configures card body section with success message and open button.
  let sectionBody1 = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextParagraph()
      .setText('Sharing process is complete!'))
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Open spreadsheet')
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl(targetSpreadsheetUrl)
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.RELOAD_ADD_ON)));
  let sectionBody2 = CardService.newCardSection()
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextParagraph()
      .setText('If you don\'t see the copied project in your target spreadsheet,' +
       ' make sure you turned on the Apps Script API in the Apps Script dashboard.'))
    .addWidget(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText("Check API")
      .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink()
        .setUrl('https://script.google.com/home/usersettings')
        .setOpenAs(CardService.OpenAs.FULL_SIZE)
        .setOnClose(CardService.OnClose.RELOAD_ADD_ON)));

  // Configures the card footer with action to start new process.
  let cardFooter = CardService.newFixedFooter()
    .setPrimaryButton(CardService.newTextButton()
      .setText('Share another')
      .setOnClickAction(CardService.newAction()
        .setFunctionName('onHomepage')));

  return builder = CardService.newCardBuilder()
    .setHeader(cardHeader)
    .addSection(sectionBody1)
    .addSection(sectionBody2)
    .setFixedFooter(cardFooter)
    .build();
 }

appsscript.json

solutions/add-on/share-macro/appsscript.json
{
  "timeZone": "America/Los_Angeles",
  "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER",
  "runtimeVersion": "V8",
  "oauthScopes": [
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.external_request",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.readonly",
    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.projects"
  ],
    "urlFetchWhitelist": [
    "https://script.googleapis.com/"
  ],
  "addOns": {
    "common": {
      "name": "Share Macro",
      "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png",
      "layoutProperties": {
        "primaryColor": "#188038",
        "secondaryColor": "#34a853"
      },
      "homepageTrigger": {
        "runFunction": "onHomepage"
      }
    },
    "sheets": {}
  }
}

贡献者

此示例由 Google 在 Google 开发者专家的帮助下进行维护。

后续步骤