程式碼研究室簡介
1. 簡介
本程式碼研究室將說明如何使用邏輯迴歸,瞭解性別、年齡層、曝光時間和瀏覽器類型等特徵,與使用者按下廣告的可能性有多大的關聯。
必要條件
如要完成這個程式碼研究室,您需要足夠的高品質廣告活動資料來建立模型。
2. 挑選廣告活動
首先,請選取含有大量高品質資料的舊廣告活動。要是不確定哪個廣告活動含有最佳品質的資料,不妨針對時間最早且可存取的整月資料執行以下查詢:
SELECT
campaign_id,
COUNT(DISTINCT user_id) AS user_count,
COUNT(*) AS impression_count
FROM adh.google_ads_impressions
ORDER BY user_count DESC;
選取 12 到 13 個月的資料後,您就能針對即將從廣告資料中心移除的資料訓練及測試模型。如果這項資料受到模型訓練限制,資料刪除後,這些限制就會結束。
如果廣告活動特別活躍,一週的資料可能就足夠。最後,不重複使用者人數應為 100,000 人以上,特別是使用多項特徵進行訓練時。
3. 建立臨時資料表
找出要用於訓練模型的廣告活動後,請執行以下查詢。
CREATE TABLE
binary_logistic_regression_example_data
AS(
WITH all_data AS (
SELECT
imp.user_id as user_id,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY imp.user_id) AS rowIdx,
imp.browser as browser_name,
gender_name as gender_name,
age_group_name as age_group_name,
DATETIME(TIMESTAMP_MICROS(
imp.query_id.time_usec), "America/Los_Angeles") as impression_time,
CASE # Binary classification of clicks simplifies model weight interpretation
WHEN clk.click_id.time_usec IS NULL THEN 0
ELSE 1
END AS label
FROM adh.google_ads_impressions imp
LEFT JOIN adh.google_ads_clicks clk USING (impression_id)
LEFT JOIN adh.gender ON demographics.gender = gender_id
LEFT JOIN adh.age_group ON demographics.age_group = age_group_id
WHERE
campaign_id IN (YOUR_CID_HERE)
)
SELECT
label,
browser_name,
gender_name,
age_group_name,
# Although BQML could divide impression_time into several useful variables on
# its own, it may attempt to divide it into too many features. As a best
# practice extract the variables that you think will be most helpful.
# The output of impression_time is a number, but we care about it as a
# category, so we cast it to a string.
CAST(EXTRACT(DAYOFWEEK FROM impression_time) AS STRING) AS day_of_week,
# Comment out the previous line if training on a single week of data
CAST(EXTRACT(HOUR FROM impression_time) AS STRING) AS hour,
FROM
all_data
WHERE
rowIdx = 1 # This ensures that there's only 1 row per user.
AND
gender_name IS NOT NULL
AND
age_group_name IS NOT NULL
);
4. 建立及訓練模型
最佳做法是將資料表建立步驟與模型建立步驟分開。
請針對您在上一個步驟建立的暫存資料表,執行以下查詢。請放心,您不用提供開始和結束日期,系統會根據臨時資料表的資料推斷這兩項資訊。
CREATE OR REPLACE
MODEL `binary_logistic_example`
OPTIONS(
model_type = 'adh_logistic_regression'
)
AS (
SELECT *
FROM
tmp.binary_logistic_regression_example_data
);
SELECT * FROM ML.EVALUATE(MODEL `binary_logistic_example`)
5. 解讀結果
查詢執行完畢後,您會看到像下面這樣的資料表,但實際的廣告活動成效會有所不同。
資料列 | precision | recall | accuracy | f1_score | log_loss | roc_auc |
1 | 0.53083894341399718 | 0.28427804486705865 | 0.54530547622568992 | 0.370267971696336 | 0.68728232223722974 | 0.55236263736263735 |
查看權重
請執行下列查詢來查看權重,瞭解哪些特徵會影響模型預測點擊的可能性:
SELECT * FROM ML.WEIGHTS(MODEL `binary_logistic_example`)
這項查詢會產生類似下方的結果。請注意,BigQuery 會將指定標籤排序,並將「最小」設為 0,「最大」設為 1。在本例中,clicked 為 0,not_clicked 為 1。因此,較大的權重可以解讀為相關特徵促成點擊的可能性較低。此外,第 1 天對應週日。
processed_input | weight | category_weights.category | category_weights.weight |
1 | INTERCEPT | -0.0067900886484743364 | |
2 | browser_name | 空值 | 不明 0.78205563068099249 |
Opera 0.097073700069504443 | |||
Dalvik -0.75233190448454246 | |||
Edge 0.026672464688442348 | |||
Silk -0.72539916969348706 | |||
其他 -0.10317444840919325 | |||
Samsung Browser 0.49861066525009368 | |||
Yandex 1.3322608977581121 | |||
IE -0.44170947381475295 | |||
Firefox -0.10372609461557714 | |||
Chrome 0.069115931084794066 | |||
Safari 0.10931362123676475 | |||
3 | day_of_week | 空值 | 7 0.051780350639992277 |
6 -0.098905011477176716 | |||
4 -0.092395178188358462 | |||
5 -0.010693625983554155 | |||
3 -0.047629987110766638 | |||
1 -0.0067030673140933122 | |||
2 0.061739400111810727 | |||
4 | hour | 空值 | 15 -0.12081420778273 |
16 -0.14670467657779182 | |||
1 0.036118460001355934 | |||
10 -0.022111985303061014 | |||
3 0.10146297241339688 | |||
8 0.00032334907570882464 | |||
12 -0.092819888101463813 | |||
19 -0.12158349523248162 | |||
2 0.27252001951689164 | |||
4 0.1389215333278028 | |||
18 -0.13202189122418825 | |||
5 0.030387010564142392 | |||
22 0.0085803647602565782 | |||
13 -0.070696534712732753 | |||
14 -0.0912853928925844 | |||
9 -0.017888651719350213 | |||
23 0.10216569641652029 | |||
11 -0.053494611827240059 | |||
20 -0.10800180853273429 | |||
21 -0.070702105471528345 | |||
0 0.011735200996326559 | |||
6 0.016581239381563598 | |||
17 -0.15602138949559918 | |||
7 0.024077394387953525 | |||
5 | age_group_name | 空值 | 45-54 -0.013192901125032637 |
65+ 0.035681341407469279 | |||
25-34 -0.044038102549733116 | |||
18-24 -0.041488170110836373 | |||
不明 0.025466344709472313 | |||
35-44 0.01582412778809188 | |||
55-64 -0.004832373590628946 | |||
6 | gender_name | 空值 | 男性 0.061475274448403977 |
不明 0.46660611583398443 | |||
女性 -0.13635601771194916 |