使用 OAuth 連結 Google 帳戶

帳戶連結會使用業界標準的 OAuth 2.0 隱含和授權碼流程。您的服務必須支援符合 OAuth 2.0 標準的授權和權杖交換端點。

In the implicit flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from Google.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

• The authorization endpoint, which presents the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in. The authorization endpoint also creates a short-lived authorization code to record users' consent to the requested access.

• The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:

  1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
  2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Choose an OAuth 2.0 flow

Although the implicit flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued by the implicit flow never expire. This is because the user is forced to link their account again after a token expires with the implicit flow. If you need token expiration for security reasons, we strongly recommend that you use the authorization code flow instead.

Note: Use the following buttons to choose which OAuth 2.0 flow you want to implement. If needed, the content of this guide will reload to match your choice.

Implicit flow Authorization code

Design guidelines

This section describes the design requirements and recommendations for the user screen that you host for OAuth linking flows. After it's called by Google's app, your platform displays a sign in to Google page and account linking consent screen to the user. The user is directed back to Google's app after giving their consent to link accounts.

Figure 1. Account linking user sign in to Google and consent screens.

Requirements

1. You must communicate that the user’s account will be linked to Google, not a specific Google product like Google Home or Google Assistant.

Recommendations

We recommend that you do the following:

1. Display Google's Privacy Policy. Include a link to Google’s Privacy Policy on the consent screen.

2. Data to be shared. Use clear and concise language to tell the user what data of theirs Google requires and why.

3. Clear call-to-action. State a clear call-to-action on your consent screen, such as “Agree and link.” This is because users need to understand what data they're required to share with Google to link their accounts.

4. Ability to cancel. Provide a way for users to go back or cancel, if they choose not to link.

5. Clear sign-in process. Ensure that users have clear method for signing in to their Google account, such as fields for their username and password or Sign in with Google.

6. Ability to unlink. Offer a mechanism for users to unlink, such as a URL to their account settings on your platform. Alternatively, you can include a link to Google Account where users can manage their linked account.

7. Ability to change user account. Suggest a method for users to switch their account(s). This is especially beneficial if users tend to have multiple accounts.

   • If a user must close the consent screen to switch accounts, send a recoverable error to Google so the user can sign in to the desired account with OAuth linking and the implicit flow.

8. Include your logo. Display your company logo on the consent screen. Use your style guidelines to place your logo. If you wish to also display Google's logo, see Logos and trademarks.

Figure 2. Design guidelines for user sign in to Google and consent screens.

Create the project

Note: You can reuse an existing project and do not need to create a new project primarily for account linking.

To create your project to use account linking:

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
2. If prompted, select the project you just created.

3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

   Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

   Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

   Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

   Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

   Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

   Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   

   Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

實作 OAuth 伺服器

如要支援 OAuth 2.0 隱含流程，服務會進行授權 並可透過 HTTPS 存取端點這個端點會負責驗證 徵得使用者同意，才能存取資料。授權端點 為使用者提供未登入並記錄登入的登入使用者介面 同意授予請求的存取權。

當 Google 應用程式需要呼叫服務的其中一個已授權 API 時， Google 會使用這個端點，向使用者取得呼叫這些 API 的權限 管理。

由 Google 發起的一般 OAuth 2.0 隱含流程工作階段，是 下列流程：

1. Google 會在使用者的瀏覽器中開啟授權端點。 使用者登入 (如果尚未登入)，並將權限授予 Google 透過您的 API 存取他們的資料 (如果尚未授予權限)。
2. 您的服務會建立存取權杖，並傳回給 Google。若要這麼做，請將使用者的瀏覽器重新導向回 Google，並授予存取權 附加至請求的權杖
3. Google 會呼叫服務的 API，並將存取權杖附加至 每個要求您的服務會確認存取權杖是否已授予 Google 授權存取 API，然後完成 API 呼叫。

處理授權要求

Google 應用程式需要透過 OAuth 2.0 進行帳戶連結時 隱含流程時，Google 會將使用者傳送至您的授權端點， ，其中包含下列參數：

授權端點參數
client_id	您指派給 Google 的用戶端 ID。
redirect_uri	您傳送回應到這項要求的網址。
state	傳回給 Google 的記帳金額，值維持不變 重新導向 URI
response_type	要在回應中傳回的值類型。以 OAuth 2.0 隱含 回應類型則一律為 token。
user_locale	中的 Google 帳戶語言設定 RFC5646 將內容翻譯成使用者慣用的語言。

舉例來說，如果您的授權端點位於 https://myservice.example.com/auth，要求可能如下所示：

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token&user_locale=LOCALE

如要讓授權端點處理登入要求，請按照下列步驟操作： 步驟：

1. 確認 client_id 和 redirect_uri 的值如下： 防止授予非預期或設定錯誤的用戶端應用程式存取權：

   • 確認 client_id 與您用戶端 ID 相符 而是指派給 Google
   • 確認 redirect_uri 指定的網址 參數的格式如下：

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     

2. 檢查使用者是否已登入您的服務。如果使用者未簽署 的登入或申請流程。

3. 產生供 Google 存取 API 的存取權杖。 存取權杖可以是任何字串值，但必須明確代表 以及該權杖適用的用戶端，且不可猜測。

4. 傳送 HTTP 回應，將使用者的瀏覽器重新導向至網址 由 redirect_uri 參數指定。包含所有 網址片段中的下列參數：

   • access_token：您剛剛產生的存取權杖
   • token_type：字串 bearer
   • state：原始資料中未經修改的狀態值 要求

   以下是最終網址的範例：

   https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING

Google 的 OAuth 2.0 重新導向處理常式收到存取權杖並確認 state 值未變更。Google 取得 服務存取權杖，Google 會將該權杖附加到後續的呼叫 以便將 API 新增至 Service API

Handle userinfo requests

The userinfo endpoint is an OAuth 2.0 protected resource that return claims about the linked user. Implementing and hosting the userinfo endpoint is optional, except for the following use cases:

• Linked Account Sign-In with Google One Tap.
• Frictionless subscription on AndroidTV.

After the access token has been successfully retrieved from your token endpoint, Google sends a request to your userinfo endpoint to retrieve basic profile information about the linked user.

userinfo endpoint request headers
Authorization header	The access token of type Bearer.

For example, if your userinfo endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, a request might look like the following:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

For your userinfo endpoint to handle requests, do the following steps:

1. Extract access token from the Authorization header and return information for the user associated with the access token.
2. If the access token is invalid, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized error with using the WWW-Authenticate Response Header. Below is an example of a userinfo error response:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   If a 401 Unauthorized, or any other unsuccessful error response is returned during the linking process, the error will be non-recoverable, the retrieved token will be discarded and the user will have to initiate the linking process again.

3. If the access token is valid, return and HTTP 200 response with the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }

   If your userinfo endpoint returns an HTTP 200 success response, the retrieved token and claims are registered against the user's Google account.

   userinfo endpoint response
   sub	A unique ID that identifies the user in your system.
   email	Email address of the user.
   given_name	Optional: First name of the user.
   family_name	Optional: Last name of the user.
   name	Optional: Full name of the user.
   picture	Optional: Profile picture of the user.

驗證實作

您可以使用 OAuth 2.0 Playground 工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击配置 以打开 OAuth 2.0 配置窗口。
2. 在 OAuth flow 字段中，选择 Client-side（客户端）。
3. 在 OAuth 端点字段中，选择自定义。
4. 在相应字段中指定您的 OAuth 2.0 端点和您分配给 Google 的客户端 ID。
5. 在第 1 步部分，不要选择任何 Google 范围。请将此字段留空或输入对服务器有效的范围（如果您不使用 OAuth 范围，则可以输入任意字符串）。完成后，点击授权 API。
6. 在 Step 2 和 Step 3 部分中，完成 OAuth 2.0 流程，并验证每个步骤是否按预期运行。

您可以使用 Google 账号关联演示版工具验证您的实现。

在该工具中，执行以下步骤：

1. 点击使用 Google 账号登录按钮。
2. 选择您要关联的账号。
3. 输入服务 ID。
4. （可选）输入您要请求访问权限的一个或多个范围。
5. 点击开始演示。
6. 当系统提示时，请确认您同意或拒绝关联请求。
7. 确认您已被重定向到您的平台。