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激活 Google Maps JavaScript API

为帮助您起步，我们将引导您在 Google Developers Console 中先完成几项任务：

  1. 创建或选择项目
  2. 激活 Google Maps JavaScript API 及相关服务
  3. 创建相应密钥
继续

自定义 Google 地图：自定义图例

概览

通过本教程学习如何在 Google 地图上创建图例。 图例一般用于描述地图上的符号和标记。 可以利用自定义控件的定位功能创建它们。

下面地图中包含的图例提供了有关地图上三个不同自定义标记的信息。

下文显示了创建本教程中的地图和图例所需的完整代码。

var map;
function initMap() {
  map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
    zoom: 16,
    center: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91722, 151.23064),
    mapTypeId: 'roadmap'
  });

  var iconBase = 'https://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/shapes/';
  var icons = {
    parking: {
      name: 'Parking',
      icon: iconBase + 'parking_lot_maps.png'
    },
    library: {
      name: 'Library',
      icon: iconBase + 'library_maps.png'
    },
    info: {
      name: 'Info',
      icon: iconBase + 'info-i_maps.png'
    }
  };

  function addMarker(feature) {
    var marker = new google.maps.Marker({
      position: feature.position,
      icon: icons[feature.type].icon,
      map: map
    });
  }

  var features = [
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91721, 151.22630),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91539, 151.22820),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91747, 151.22912),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91910, 151.22907),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91725, 151.23011),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91872, 151.23089),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91784, 151.23094),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91682, 151.23149),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91790, 151.23463),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91666, 151.23468),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916988, 151.233640),
      type: 'info'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91662347903106, 151.22879464019775),
      type: 'parking'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916365282092855, 151.22937399734496),
      type: 'parking'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91665018901448, 151.2282474695587),
      type: 'parking'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.919543720969806, 151.23112279762267),
      type: 'parking'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91608037421864, 151.23288232673644),
      type: 'parking'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91851096391805, 151.2344058214569),
      type: 'parking'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91818154739766, 151.2346203981781),
      type: 'parking'
    }, {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91727341958453, 151.23348314155578),
      type: 'library'
    }
  ];

  for (var i = 0, feature; feature = features[i]; i++) {
    addMarker(feature);
  }

  var legend = document.getElementById('legend');
  for (var key in icons) {
    var type = icons[key];
    var name = type.name;
    var icon = type.icon;
    var div = document.createElement('div');
    div.innerHTML = '<img src="' + icon + '"> ' + name;
    legend.appendChild(div);
  }

  map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.RIGHT_BOTTOM].push(legend);
}
<div id="map"></div>
<div id="legend"><h3>Legend</h3></div>
html, body {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        height: 100%;
        width: 100%;
      }
      #map {
        height: 400px;
        width: 100%;
      }
      #legend {
        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
        background: #fff;
        padding: 10px;
        margin: 10px;
        border: 3px solid #000;
      }
      #legend h3 {
        margin-top: 0;
      }
      #legend img {
        vertical-align: middle;
      }
 <!-- Replace the value of the key parameter with your own API key. -->
<script async defer
src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyCkUOdZ5y7hMm0yrcCQoCvLwzdM6M8s5qk&callback=initMap">
</script>

自己试一试

悬停在代码块右上角以复制代码或在 JSFiddle 中打开。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Custom Legend</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style>
      html, body {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        height: 100%;
        width: 100%;
      }
      #map {
        height: 400px;
        width: 100%;
      }
      #legend {
        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
        background: #fff;
        padding: 10px;
        margin: 10px;
        border: 3px solid #000;
      }
      #legend h3 {
        margin-top: 0;
      }
      #legend img {
        vertical-align: middle;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="map"></div>
    <div id="legend"><h3>Legend</h3></div>
    <script>
      var map;
      function initMap() {
        map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
          zoom: 16,
          center: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91722, 151.23064),
          mapTypeId: 'roadmap'
        });

        var iconBase = 'https://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/shapes/';
        var icons = {
          parking: {
            name: 'Parking',
            icon: iconBase + 'parking_lot_maps.png'
          },
          library: {
            name: 'Library',
            icon: iconBase + 'library_maps.png'
          },
          info: {
            name: 'Info',
            icon: iconBase + 'info-i_maps.png'
          }
        };

        function addMarker(feature) {
          var marker = new google.maps.Marker({
            position: feature.position,
            icon: icons[feature.type].icon,
            map: map
          });
        }

        var features = [
          {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91721, 151.22630),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91539, 151.22820),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91747, 151.22912),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91910, 151.22907),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91725, 151.23011),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91872, 151.23089),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91784, 151.23094),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91682, 151.23149),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91790, 151.23463),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91666, 151.23468),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916988, 151.233640),
            type: 'info'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91662347903106, 151.22879464019775),
            type: 'parking'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916365282092855, 151.22937399734496),
            type: 'parking'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91665018901448, 151.2282474695587),
            type: 'parking'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.919543720969806, 151.23112279762267),
            type: 'parking'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91608037421864, 151.23288232673644),
            type: 'parking'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91851096391805, 151.2344058214569),
            type: 'parking'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91818154739766, 151.2346203981781),
            type: 'parking'
          }, {
            position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91727341958453, 151.23348314155578),
            type: 'library'
          }
        ];

        for (var i = 0, feature; feature = features[i]; i++) {
          addMarker(feature);
        }

        var legend = document.getElementById('legend');
        for (var key in icons) {
          var type = icons[key];
          var name = type.name;
          var icon = type.icon;
          var div = document.createElement('div');
          div.innerHTML = '<img src="' + icon + '"> ' + name;
          legend.appendChild(div);
        }

        map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.RIGHT_BOTTOM].push(legend);
      }
    </script>
    <script async defer
    src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&callback=initMap">
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

下文说明了创建图例的主要步骤。

创建图例容器

下表说明了用于自定义图例的代码。

代码和说明 
<div id="legend"><h3>Legend</h3></div>

创建一个容纳内容的 div。
为 div 添加一个三 (3) 级标题。		 
map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.RIGHT_BOTTOM].push
(document.getElementById('legend'));

通过添加一个控件位置，将 div 定位在地图右下角。
阅读有关更多控件位置选项的内容。 
<style>
  #legend {
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
    background: #fff;
    padding: 10px;
    margin: 10px;
    border: 3px solid #000;
  }
</style>

使用 CSS 设置图例控件的样式。

添加图例内容

使用现有标记样式定义来填充图例。

var legend = document.getElementById('legend');
for (var style in styles) {
  var name = style.name;
  var icon = style.icon;
  var div = document.createElement('div');
  div.innerHTML = '<img src="' + icon + '"> ' + name;
  legend.appendChild(div);
}

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