Memperbarui spreadsheet

Selain data nilai yang terdapat dalam selnya, spreadsheet menyertakan banyak jenis data lainnya, seperti:

• Dimensi
• Format dan batas sel
• Rentang bernama
• Rentang yang dilindungi
• Format bersyarat

Berikut adalah beberapa dari banyak jenis data yang mengontrol tampilan dan operasi spreadsheet. Metode spreadsheets.batchUpdate memungkinkan Anda memperbarui detail spreadsheet ini. Perubahan dikelompokkan dalam batch sehingga jika satu permintaan tidak berhasil, tidak satu pun perubahan lainnya (yang mungkin bergantung padanya) yang akan ditulis.

Halaman ini menjelaskan dasar-dasar penggunaan metode spreadsheets.batchUpdate. Jika perlu membaca dan menulis data nilai sel, Anda juga dapat menggunakan resource spreadsheets.values yang dijelaskan dalam Membaca & menulis nilai sel.

Kategori operasi

Operasi tertentu yang didukung oleh spreadsheets.batchUpdate dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam kategori umum berikut:

Kategori	Deskripsi
Tambahkan (dan Duplikat)	Menambahkan objek baru (terkadang berdasarkan yang lama, seperti dalam permintaan Duplicate).
Update (dan Setel)	Mengupdate properti tertentu pada objek, biasanya membiarkan properti lama (sedangkan permintaan Set menimpa data sebelumnya).
Hapus	Menghapus objek.

Semua kategori ini digunakan di bagian berikutnya untuk menjelaskan perilaku operasi tertentu.

Operasi update batch

Metode spreadsheets.batchUpdate berfungsi dengan mengambil satu atau beberapa objek Request, masing-masing menentukan satu jenis permintaan yang akan dilakukan. Ada berbagai jenis permintaan. Berikut adalah perincian jenis permintaan, yang dikelompokkan ke dalam beberapa kategori.

Objek	TAMBAHKAN / DUPLIKASIKAN	UPDATE / SET	HAPUS
Properti Spreadsheet		UpdateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest
Spreadsheet	AddSheetRequest DuplicateSheetRequest	UpdateSheetPropertiesRequest	DeleteSheetRequest
Dimensi (termasuk rentang dimensi)	InsertDimensionRequest AppendDimensionRequest	UpdateDimensionPropertiesRequest MoveDimensionRequest AutoResizeDimensionsRequest	DeleteDimensionRequest
Sel (termasuk nilai, format, validasi data, dll.)		RepeatCellRequest UpdateCellsRequest AppendCellsRequest
Rentang Bernama	AddNamedRangeRequest	UpdateNamedRangeRequest	DeleteNamedRangeRequest
Batas		UpdateBordersRequest
Filter (termasuk tampilan filter dan filter dasar)	AddFilterViewRequest DuplicateFilterViewRequest	UpdateFilterViewRequest SetBasicFilterRequest	ClearBasicFilterRequest
Validasi Data		SetDataValidationRequest
Aturan Format Bersyarat	AddConditionalFormatRuleRequest	UpdateConditionalFormatRuleRequest	DeleteConditionalFormatRuleRequest
Rentang Dilindungi	AddProtectedRangeRequest	UpdateProtectedRangeRequest	DeleteProtectedRangeRequest
Objek yang Disematkan (termasuk diagram)	AddChartRequest	UpdateChartSpecRequest UpdateEmbeddedObjectPositionRequest	DeleteEmbeddedObjectRequest
Penggabungan	MergeCellsRequest		UnmergeCellsRequest

Ada juga beberapa permintaan tambahan yang meniru tindakan pengguna untuk mengubah data:

• AutoFillRequest
• CutPasteRequest
• CopyPasteRequest
• FindReplaceRequest
• PasteDataRequest
• TextToColumnsRequest
• SortRangeRequest

Batas

Untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut batas sel dan baris di Google Spreadsheet, lihat File yang dapat Anda simpan di Google Drive.

Mask kolom

Banyak permintaan "update" yang memerlukan mask kolom. Ini adalah daftar kolom berbatas koma untuk hanya memperbarui kolom tertentu dalam objek tanpa mengubah kolom lainnya. Mask kolom * diperlakukan seperti karakter pengganti dan merupakan singkatan untuk menentukan setiap kolom dalam pesan (yang berarti kolom dapat dikembalikan ke status default-nya jika Anda tidak menentukan nilai untuknya dalam permintaan). Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang mask kolom, lihat Menggunakan mask kolom.

Contoh berikut menggunakan UpdateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest untuk hanya memperbarui judul spreadsheet:

Permintaan:

POST .../v4/spreadsheets/spreadsheetId:batchUpdate

Isi permintaan:

{
  "requests": [{
      "updateSpreadsheetProperties": {
          "properties": {"title": "TITLE"},
          "fields": "title"
      }
  }]
}

Ganti TITLE dengan judul baru spreadsheet.

Respons

Saat mengupdate spreadsheet, beberapa jenis permintaan mungkin menampilkan respons. Semua ini ditampilkan dalam array, dengan setiap respons menempati indeks yang sama dengan permintaan yang sesuai. Beberapa permintaan tidak memiliki respons dan untuk permintaan tersebut, responsnya kosong.

Biasanya, permintaan "add" memiliki respons yang menampilkan informasi seperti ID objek yang ditambahkan. Untuk mengetahui daftar respons yang didukung, lihat Respons.

Contoh

Contoh kode berikut melakukan tindakan ini:

1. Memperbarui judul spreadsheet menggunakan variabel title.
2. Menemukan dan mengganti nilai sel di spreadsheet menggunakan variabel find dan replacement.

Apps Script

sheets/api/spreadsheet_snippets.gs

Lihat di GitHub

/**
 * Updates the specified sheet using advanced sheet services
 * @param {string} spreadsheetId id of the spreadsheet to be updated
 * @param {string} title name of the sheet in the spreadsheet to be updated
 * @param {string} find string to be replaced
 * @param {string} replacement the string to replace the old data
 * @returns {*} the updated spreadsheet
 */
Snippets.prototype.batchUpdate = (spreadsheetId, title,
  find, replacement) => {
  // This code uses the Sheets Advanced Service, but for most use cases
  // the built-in method SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet()
  //     .getRange(range).setValues(values) is more appropriate.

  try {
    // Change the spreadsheet's title.
    let updateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest =
      Sheets.newUpdateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest();
    updateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest.properties =
      Sheets.newSpreadsheetProperties();
    updateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest.properties.title = title;
    updateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest.fields = 'title';

    // Find and replace text.
    let findReplaceRequest = Sheets.newFindReplaceRequest();
    findReplaceRequest.find = find;
    findReplaceRequest.replacement = replacement;
    findReplaceRequest.allSheets = true;

    let requests = [Sheets.newRequest(), Sheets.newRequest()];
    requests[0].updateSpreadsheetProperties =
      updateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest;
    requests[1].findReplace = findReplaceRequest;

    let batchUpdateRequest = Sheets.newBatchUpdateSpreadsheetRequest();
    batchUpdateRequest.requests = requests;

    // Add additional requests (operations)
    const result =
      Sheets.Spreadsheets.batchUpdate(batchUpdateRequest, spreadsheetId);
    return result;
  } catch (err) {
    // TODO (developer) - Handle exception
    console.log('Failed with error %s', err.message);
  }
};

Java

sheets/snippets/src/main/java/BatchUpdate.java

Lihat di GitHub

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonError;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonResponseException;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.Sheets;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.SheetsScopes;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.model.BatchUpdateSpreadsheetRequest;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.model.BatchUpdateSpreadsheetResponse;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.model.FindReplaceRequest;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.model.FindReplaceResponse;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.model.Request;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.model.SpreadsheetProperties;
import com.google.api.services.sheets.v4.model.UpdateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

/* Class to demonstrate the use of Spreadsheet Batch Update API */
public class BatchUpdate {
  /**
   * Updates spreadsheet's title and cell values.
   *
   * @param spreadsheetId - Id of the spreadsheet.
   * @param title         - New title of the spreadsheet.
   * @param find          - Find cell values
   * @param replacement   - Replaced cell values
   * @return response metadata
   * @throws IOException - if credentials file not found.
   */
  public static BatchUpdateSpreadsheetResponse batchUpdate(String spreadsheetId,
                                                           String title,
                                                           String find,
                                                           String replacement)
      throws IOException {
        /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
           TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
            guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
    GoogleCredentials credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
        .createScoped(Collections.singleton(SheetsScopes.SPREADSHEETS));
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer = new HttpCredentialsAdapter(
        credentials);

    // Create the sheets API client
    Sheets service = new Sheets.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(),
        GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
        requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("Sheets samples")
        .build();

    List<Request> requests = new ArrayList<>();
    BatchUpdateSpreadsheetResponse response = null;
    try {
      // Change the spreadsheet's title.
      requests.add(new Request()
          .setUpdateSpreadsheetProperties(new UpdateSpreadsheetPropertiesRequest()
              .setProperties(new SpreadsheetProperties()
                  .setTitle(title))
              .setFields("title")));
      // Find and replace text.
      requests.add(new Request()
          .setFindReplace(new FindReplaceRequest()
              .setFind(find)
              .setReplacement(replacement)
              .setAllSheets(true)));

      BatchUpdateSpreadsheetRequest body =
          new BatchUpdateSpreadsheetRequest().setRequests(requests);
      response = service.spreadsheets().batchUpdate(spreadsheetId, body).execute();
      FindReplaceResponse findReplaceResponse = response.getReplies().get(1).getFindReplace();

      System.out.printf("%d replacements made.", findReplaceResponse.getOccurrencesChanged());
    } catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
      // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
      GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
      if (error.getCode() == 404) {
        System.out.printf("Spreadsheet not found with id '%s'.\n", spreadsheetId);
      } else {
        throw e;
      }
    }
    return response;
  }
}

JavaScript

sheets/snippets/sheets_batch_update.js

Lihat di GitHub

function batchUpdate(spreadsheetId, title, find, replacement, callback) {
  const requests = [];
  // Change the spreadsheet's title.
  requests.push({
    updateSpreadsheetProperties: {
      properties: {
        title: title,
      },
      fields: 'title',
    },
  });
  // Find and replace text.
  requests.push({
    findReplace: {
      find: find,
      replacement: replacement,
      allSheets: true,
    },
  });
  try {
    // Add additional requests (operations) ...
    const batchUpdateRequest = {requests: requests};
    gapi.client.sheets.spreadsheets.batchUpdate({
      spreadsheetId: spreadsheetId,
      resource: batchUpdateRequest,
    }).then((response) => {
      const findReplaceResponse = response.result.replies[1].findReplace;
      console.log(`${findReplaceResponse.occurrencesChanged} replacements made.`);
      if (callback) callback(response);
    });
  } catch (err) {
    document.getElementById('content').innerText = err.message;
    return;
  }
}

Node.js

sheets/snippets/sheets_batch_update.js

Lihat di GitHub

/**
 * Updates the Spreadsheet title. Finds and replaces a string in the sheets.
 * @param {string} spreadsheetId The Spreadsheet to update
 * @param {string} title The new Spreadsheet title
 * @param {string} find The text to find
 * @param {string} replacement The text to replace
 * @return {obj} holding the information regarding the replacement of strings
 */
async function batchUpdate(spreadsheetId, title, find, replacement) {
  const {GoogleAuth} = require('google-auth-library');
  const {google} = require('googleapis');

  const auth = new GoogleAuth({
    scopes: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets',
  });

  const service = google.sheets({version: 'v4', auth});
  const requests = [];
  // Change the spreadsheet's title.
  requests.push({
    updateSpreadsheetProperties: {
      properties: {
        title,
      },
      fields: 'title',
    },
  });
  // Find and replace text.
  requests.push({
    findReplace: {
      find,
      replacement,
      allSheets: true,
    },
  });
  // Add additional requests (operations) ...
  const batchUpdateRequest = {requests};
  try {
    const response = await service.spreadsheets.batchUpdate({
      spreadsheetId,
      resource: batchUpdateRequest,
    });
    const findReplaceResponse = response.data.replies[1].findReplace;
    console.log(`${findReplaceResponse.occurrencesChanged} replacements made.`);
    return response;
  } catch (err) {
    // TODO (developer) - Handle exception
    throw err;
  }
}

PHP

sheets/snippets/src/SpreadsheetBatchUpdate.php

Lihat di GitHub

use Google\Client;
use Google\Service\Drive;
use Google\Service\Sheets\BatchUpdateSpreadsheetRequest;

/**
 * to batch update a spreadsheet
 */
function batchUpdate($spreadsheetId, $title, $find, $replacement)
    {   
        /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
           TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
            guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
        $client = new Google\Client();
        $client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials();
        $client->addScope(Google\Service\Drive::DRIVE);
        $service = new Google_Service_Sheets($client);
        try{
            //execute the request
            $requests = [
                new Google_Service_Sheets_Request([
              'updateSpreadsheetProperties' => [
                  'properties' => [
                      'title' => $title
                    ],
                    'fields' => 'title'
              ]
          ]),
          new Google_Service_Sheets_Request([
              'findReplace' => [
                  'find' => $find,
                  'replacement' => $replacement,
                  'allSheets' => true
                  ]
                  ])
                ];
                $batchUpdateRequest = new Google_Service_Sheets_BatchUpdateSpreadsheetRequest([
                    'requests' => $requests
                ]);
        $response = $service->spreadsheets->batchUpdate($spreadsheetId, $batchUpdateRequest);
        $findReplaceResponse = $response->getReplies()[1]->getFindReplace();
        printf("%s replacements made.\n",
        $findReplaceResponse->getOccurrencesChanged());
        return $response;
    }
    catch(Exception $e) {
        // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
        echo 'Message: ' .$e->getMessage();
      }
    }

Python

sheets/snippets/sheets_batch_update.py

Lihat di GitHub

import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def sheets_batch_update(spreadsheet_id, title, find, replacement):
  """
  Update the sheet details in batch, the user has access to.
  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """

  creds, _ = google.auth.default()
  # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member

  try:
    service = build("sheets", "v4", credentials=creds)

    requests = []
    # Change the spreadsheet's title.
    requests.append(
        {
            "updateSpreadsheetProperties": {
                "properties": {"title": title},
                "fields": "title",
            }
        }
    )
    # Find and replace text
    requests.append(
        {
            "findReplace": {
                "find": find,
                "replacement": replacement,
                "allSheets": True,
            }
        }
    )
    # Add additional requests (operations) ...

    body = {"requests": requests}
    response = (
        service.spreadsheets()
        .batchUpdate(spreadsheetId=spreadsheet_id, body=body)
        .execute()
    )
    find_replace_response = response.get("replies")[1].get("findReplace")
    print(
        f"{find_replace_response.get('occurrencesChanged')} replacements made."
    )
    return response

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    return error


if __name__ == "__main__":
  sheets_batch_update("spreadsheet_id", "title", "find", "replacement")

Ruby

sheets/snippets/lib/spreadsheet_snippets.rb

Lihat di GitHub

requests = []
# Change the name of sheet ID '0' (the default first sheet on every
# spreadsheet)
requests.push({
                update_sheet_properties: {
                  properties: { sheet_id: 0, title: 'New Sheet Name' },
                  fields:     'title'
                }
              })
# Find and replace text
requests.push({
                find_replace: {
                  find:        find,
                  replacement: replacement,
                  all_sheets:  true
                }
              })
# Add additional requests (operations) ...

body = { requests: requests }
result = service.batch_update_spreadsheet(spreadsheet_id, body, {})
find_replace_response = result.replies[1].find_replace
puts "#{find_replace_response.occurrences_changed} replacements made."