向 Google Analytics(分析)发送 Measurement Protocol 事件

本指南将介绍如何 Google Analytics Measurement Protocol 网站和应用数据流 事件 Google Analytics 服务器,以便您可以在以下位置查看 Measurement Protocol 事件: Google Analytics 报告

请选择您想在本指南中查看哪个平台的信息:

设置请求格式

Google Analytics Measurement Protocol 仅支持 HTTP POST 请求。

如要发送事件,请使用以下格式:

POST /mp/collect HTTP/1.1
HOST: www.google-analytics.com
Content-Type: application/json
<payload_data>

必须在请求网址中提供以下内容:

  • api_secret:Google Analytics 界面中生成的 API 密钥

    如需创建新的密钥,请依次点击管理 > 数据流 > 选择您的数据流 > Measurement Protocol > 创建

  • measurement_id:与数据流关联的衡量 ID,可在 Google Analytics 界面的以下位置下找到:管理 > 数据流 > 选择您的数据流 > 衡量 ID

    measurement_id 并不是数据流 ID

如需获取完整的参考信息,请参阅查询参数

必须在请求正文中提供以下内容:

  • client_id:客户端的唯一标识符。该标识符与 Firebase app_instance_id 不同。请使用 gtag.js('get')
  • user_id:可选。用户的唯一标识符。只能包含 UTF-8 字符。如需详细了解此标识符,请参阅使用 User-ID 进行跨平台分析

  • consent:可选。了解如何设置用户意见征求设置

  • timestamp_micros:可选。Unix 纪元时间(以微秒为单位), 事件和用户属性。如果未指定,则默认为 请求的时间点

  • events:一个由多个事件项构成的数组。您可以在一个事件中包含多个事件 请求。

    若要让报告显示用户活动,例如 实时engagement_time_msecsession_id 必须作为 params,表示 eventengagement_time_msec 参数应反映 事件的互动时长(以毫秒为单位)。

    示例如下:

```json { "client_id": "123456.7654321", "events": [ { "name": "campaign_details", "params": { "campaign_id": "google_1234", "campaign": "Summer_fun", "source": "google", "medium": "cpc", "term": "summer+travel", "content": "logolink", "session_id": "123", "engagement_time_msec": "100" } } ] } ``` While `session_start` is a [reserved event name](/analytics/devguides/collection/protocol/ga4/reference#reserved_names), creating a new `session_id` creates a new session without the need to send `session_start`. Understand how [sessions are counted](//support.google.com/analytics/answer/9191807). ## Try it Here's an example you can use to send a [`tutorial_begin`] event to your Google Analytics server: ```javascript const measurement_id = `G-XXXXXXXXXX`; const api_secret = `<secret_value>`; fetch(`https://www.google-analytics.com/mp/collect?measurement_id=${measurement_id}&api_secret=${api_secret}`, { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ client_id: 'XXXXXXXXXX.YYYYYYYYYY', events: [{ name: 'tutorial_begin', params: {}, }] }) }); ``` ## Override timestamp The Measurement Protocol uses the *first* timestamp it finds in the following list for each event in the request: 1. The `timestamp_micros` of the event. 1. The `timestamp_micros` of the request. 1. The time that the Measurement Protocol receives the request. The following example sends a request-level timestamp that applies to all of the events in the request. As a result, the Measurement Protocol assigns both the `tutorial_begin` and `join_group` events a timestamp of `requestUnixEpochTimeInMicros`. ```javascript { "timestamp_micros": requestUnixEpochTimeInMicros, "events": [ { "name": "tutorial_begin" }, { "name": "join_group", "params": { "group_id": "G_12345", } } ] } ``` The following example sends both a request-level timestamp and an event-level timestamp. As a result, the Measurement Protocol assigns the `tutorial_begin` event a timestamp of `tutorialBeginUnixEpochTimeInMicros`, and the `join_group` event a timestamp of `requestUnixEpochTimeInMicros`. ```javascript { "timestamp_micros": requestUnixEpochTimeInMicros, "events": [ { "name": "tutorial_begin", "timestamp_micros": tutorialBeginUnixEpochTimeInMicros }, { "name": "join_group", "params": { "group_id": "G_12345", } } ] } ``` ## Limitations The following limitations apply to sending Measurement Protocol events to Google Analytics: Note: For information on the limitations of 360 features, see [Google Analytics 360](//support.google.com/analytics/answer/11202874). * Requests can have a maximum of 25 events. * Events can have a maximum of 25 parameters. * Events can have a maximum of 25 user properties. * User property names must be 24 characters or fewer. * User property values must be 36 characters or fewer. * Event names must be 40 characters or fewer, can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores, and must start with an alphabetic character. * Parameter names including item parameters must be 40 characters or fewer, can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores, and must start with an alphabetic character. * Parameter values including item parameter values must be 100 characters or fewer for a standard Google Analytics property, and 500 characters or fewer for a Google Analytics 360 property. * Item parameters can have a maximum of 10 custom parameters. * The post body must be smaller than 130kB. * App Measurement Protocol events sent to Google Analytics 4 don't populate Search audiences in Google Ads for app users. For additional requirements of each use case, see [common use cases].