从 Google Play 服务 9.0.0 版开始,您可以使用 Task
API 和
返回 Task
或其子类的方法数量。Task
是一个
表示异步方法调用,类似于前面的 PendingResult
多个版本的 Google Play 服务
处理任务结果
返回 Task
的常见方法是 FirebaseAuth.signInAnonymously()
。
它返回一个 Task<AuthResult>
,这意味着任务将返回
在成功时返回 AuthResult
对象:
Task<AuthResult> task = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().signInAnonymously();
如需在任务成功时收到通知,请附加 OnSuccessListener
:
task.addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<AuthResult>() { @Override public void onSuccess(AuthResult authResult) { // Task completed successfully // ... } });
如需在任务失败时收到通知,请附加 OnFailureListener
:
task.addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) { // Task failed with an exception // ... } });
要在同一监听器中处理成功和失败,请将一个
OnCompleteListener
:
task.addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { // Task completed successfully AuthResult result = task.getResult(); } else { // Task failed with an exception Exception exception = task.getException(); } } });
线程处理
附加到线程的监听器在应用主 (UI) 线程上运行
默认情况。附加监听器时,您还可以指定一个 Executor
,即
来调度监听器
// Create a new ThreadPoolExecutor with 2 threads for each processor on the // device and a 60 second keep-alive time. int numCores = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(numCores * 2, numCores *2, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); task.addOnCompleteListener(executor, new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) { // ... } });
activity 作用域监听器
如果您正在监听 Activity
中的任务结果,则可能需要将
activity 作用域监听器。这些监听器会在
您的 Activity 的 onStop
方法,这样系统便不会调用监听器
当 activity 不再可见时触发。
Activity activity = MainActivity.this; task.addOnCompleteListener(activity, new OnCompleteListener<AuthResult>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) { // ... } });
链
如果您使用多个返回 Task
的 API,可以将它们链接在一起
使用接续。这有助于避免深度嵌套的回调并实现整合
任务链的错误处理。
例如,方法 doSomething
会返回 Task<String>
,但需要
AuthResult
,我们将从任务异步获取:
public Task<String> doSomething(AuthResult authResult) { // ... }
使用 Task.continueWithTask
方法,我们可以将这两个任务串联起来:
Task<AuthResult> signInTask = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().signInAnonymously(); signInTask.continueWithTask(new Continuation<AuthResult, Task<String>>() { @Override public Task<String> then(@NonNull Task<AuthResult> task) throws Exception { // Take the result from the first task and start the second one AuthResult result = task.getResult(); return doSomething(result); } }).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<String>() { @Override public void onSuccess(String s) { // Chain of tasks completed successfully, got result from last task. // ... } }).addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() { @Override public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) { // One of the tasks in the chain failed with an exception. // ... } });
阻止
如果您的程序已在后台线程中执行,您可以阻止 同步获取结果并避免回调的任务:
try { // Block on a task and get the result synchronously. This is generally done // when executing a task inside a separately managed background thread. Doing this // on the main (UI) thread can cause your application to become unresponsive. AuthResult authResult = Tasks.await(task); } catch (ExecutionException e) { // The Task failed, this is the same exception you'd get in a non-blocking // failure handler. // ... } catch (InterruptedException e) { // An interrupt occurred while waiting for the task to complete. // ... }
您还可以在阻止任务时指定超时,这样您的应用 不挂起:
try { // Block on the task for a maximum of 500 milliseconds, otherwise time out. AuthResult authResult = Tasks.await(task, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); } catch (ExecutionException e) { // ... } catch (InterruptedException e) { // ... } catch (TimeoutException e) { // Task timed out before it could complete. // ... }
互操作性
Task
在概念上与几种常用的 Android 管理方法保持一致
异步代码,也可以直接将 Task
转换为其他
包括 ListenableFuture
和 Kotlin 协程在内的基元,
AndroidX 推荐。
下面是一个使用 Task
的示例:
// ... simpleTask.addOnCompleteListener(this) { completedTask -> textView.text = completedTask.result }
Kotlin 协程
用法
将以下依赖项添加到您的项目中,并使用以下代码转换
(来自 Task
)。
Gradle(模块级 build.gradle
,通常为 app/build.gradle
)
// Source: https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines/tree/master/integration/kotlinx-coroutines-play-services implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-play-services:1.7.3'
Snippet
import kotlinx.coroutines.tasks.await // ... textView.text = simpleTask.await() }
Guava ListenableFuture
将以下依赖项添加到您的项目中,并使用以下代码转换
(来自 Task
)。
Gradle(模块级 build.gradle
,通常为 app/build.gradle
)
implementation "androidx.concurrent:concurrent-futures:1.2.0"
Snippet
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture // ... /** Convert Task to ListenableFuture. */ fun <T> taskToListenableFuture(task: Task<T>): ListenableFuture<T> { return CallbackToFutureAdapter.getFuture { completer -> task.addOnCompleteListener { completedTask -> if (completedTask.isCanceled) { completer.setCancelled() } else if (completedTask.isSuccessful) { completer.set(completedTask.result) } else { val e = completedTask.exception if (e != null) { completer.setException(e) } else { throw IllegalStateException() } } } } } // ... this.listenableFuture = taskToListenableFuture(simpleTask) this.listenableFuture?.addListener( Runnable { textView.text = listenableFuture?.get() }, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this) )
RxJava2 可观察
除了
选项添加到您的项目中,然后使用以下代码从 Task
进行转换。
Gradle(模块级 build.gradle
,通常为 app/build.gradle
)
// Source: https://github.com/ashdavies/rx-tasks implementation 'io.ashdavies.rx.rxtasks:rx-tasks:2.2.0'
Snippet
import io.ashdavies.rx.rxtasks.toSingle import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit // ... simpleTask.toSingle(this).subscribe { result -> textView.text = result }