Account linking with OAuth-based Google Sign-in "Streamlined" linking

The OAuth-based Google Sign-in "Streamlined" linking type adds Google Sign-In on top of OAuth-based account linking. This provides seamless voice-based linking for Google users while also enabling account linking for users who registered to your service with a non-Google identity.

This linking type begins with Google Sign-In, which allows you to check if the user's Google profile information exists in your system. If the user's information isn't found in your system, a standard OAuth flow begins. The user can also choose to create a new account with their Google profile information.

Figure 1: After your Action gets access to the user's Google profile, you can use it to find a match for the user in your authentication system.

To perform account linking with the Streamlined linking type, follow these general steps:

1. First, ask the user to give consent to access their Google profile.
2. Use the information in their profile to identify the user.
3. If you can't find a match for the Google user in your authentication system, the flow proceeds depending on whether you configured your Actions project in the Actions console to allow user account creation via voice or only on your website.
   • If you allow account creation via voice, validate the ID token received from Google. You can then create a user based on the profile information contained in the ID token.
   • If you don't allow account creation via voice, the user is transferred to a browser where they can load your authorization page and complete the user creation flow.

Figure 2. A visual representation of the OAuth and Google Sign-In flow when a user's information is not found in your system.

Support account creation via voice

If you allow user account creation via voice, Assistant asks the user whether they want to do the following:

• Create a new account on your system using their Google account information, or
• Sign in to your authentication system with a different account if they have an existing non-Google account.

Allowing account creation via voice is recommended if you want to minimize the friction of the account creation flow. The user only needs to leave the voice flow if they want to sign in using an existing non-Google account.

Disallow account creation via voice

If you disallowed user account creation via voice, Assistant opens the URL to the web site that you provided for user authentication. If the interaction is happening on a device that doesn't have a screen, Assistant directs the user to a phone to continue the account linking flow.

Disallowing creation is recommended if:

• You do not want to allow users that have non-Google accounts to create a new user account and want them to link to their existing user accounts in your authentication system instead. For example, if you offer a loyalty program, you might want to make sure that the user doesn't lose the points accrued on their existing account.

• You need to have full control of the account creation flow. For example, you could disallow creation if you need to show your terms of service to the user during account creation.

Note: Select one of the flow options below to learn more about implementing the selected flow. If needed, the content of the guide will be reloaded to adapt to your choice.

Allow account creation via voice Disallow account creation via voice

Implement OAuth-based Google Sign-in "Streamlined" linking

Accounts are linked with industry standard OAuth 2.0 flows. Actions on Google supports the implicit and authorization code flows.

Note: If you're implementing account linking to handle financial information, note that additional policies may apply to your Action. It can take us up to six weeks to review an Action with account linking for financial information, so factor that time in when planning your release schedule. To ease the review process, make sure you comply with the financial services policies before submitting your Action for review.

In the implicit code flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from the Assistant to your Action.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

• The authorization endpoint, which is responsible for presenting the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and recording consent to the requested access in the form of a short-lived authorization code.
• The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:
  1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
  2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Although the implicit code flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued using the implicit flow never expire, because using token expiration with the implicit flow forces the user to link their account again. If you need token expiration for security reasons, you should strongly consider using the auth code flow instead.

Note: Please choose which OAuth 2.0 flow you want to implement. If needed, the content of this guide reloads to adapt to your choice.

Auth code Implicit flow

Configure the project

To configure your project to use Streamlined linking, follow these steps:

1. Open the Actions console and select the project you want to use.
2. Click on the Develop tab and choose Account linking.
3. Enable the switch next to Account linking.
4. In the Account creation section, select Yes.

5. In Linking type, select OAuth & Google Sign In and Implicit.

   

6. In Client Information, do the following:

   • Assign a value to Client ID issued by your Actions to Google to identify requests coming from Google.
   • Insert the URLs for your Authorization and Token Exchange endpoints.

7. Click Save.

Implement your OAuth server

To support the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, your service makes an authorization endpoint available by HTTPS. This endpoint is responsible for authenticating and obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access.

When your Action needs to call one of your service's authorized APIs, Google uses this endpoint to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

A typical OAuth 2.0 implicit flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. The user signs in if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API if they haven't already granted permission.
2. Your service creates an access token and returns it to Google by redirecting the user's browser back to Google with the access token attached to the request.
3. Google calls your service's APIs, and attaches the access token with each request. Your service verifies that the access token grants Google authorization to access the API and then completes the API call.

Handle authorization requests

When your Action needs to perform account linking via an OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

Authorization endpoint parameters
client_id	The client ID you assigned to Google.
redirect_uri	The URL to which you send the response to this request.
state	A bookkeeping value that is passed back to Google unchanged in the redirect URI.
response_type	The type of value to return in the response. For the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, the response type is always token.

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

1. Verify the client_id and redirect_uri values to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the client ID you assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID

     YOUR_PROJECT_ID is the ID found on the Project settings page of the Actions Console.

2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate an access token that Google will use to access your API. The access token can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for and must not be guessable.

4. Send an HTTP response that redirects the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include all of the following parameters in the URL fragment:

   • access_token: the access token you just generated
   • token_type: the string bearer
   • state: the unmodified state value from the original request The following is an example of the resulting URL:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING

Google's OAuth 2.0 redirect handler will receive the access token and confirm that the state value hasn't changed. After Google has obtained an access token for your service, Google will attach the token to subsequent calls to your Action as part of the AppRequest.

处理自动关联

在用户同意你的 Action 访问他们的 Google 个人资料后，Google 发送请求，其中包含 Google 用户身份的已签名断言。 该断言包含的信息包括用户的 Google 账号 ID、姓名、 和电子邮件地址。为项目配置的令牌交换端点处理 请求。

如果您的身份验证系统中已经存在相应的 Google 账号， 您的令牌交换端点为用户返回令牌。如果 Google 账号没有 匹配现有用户，您的令牌交换端点会返回 user_not_found 错误。

请求的格式如下：

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&consent_code=CONSENT_CODE&scope=SCOPES

您的令牌交换端点必须能够处理以下参数：

令牌端点参数
grant_type	所交换的令牌的类型。对于这类请求 参数的值为 urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer。
intent	对于这些请求，此参数的值为 `get`。
assertion	一个 JSON Web 令牌 (JWT)，提供 Google 用户身份。JWT 包含的信息包括 账号 ID、名称和电子邮件地址。
consent_code	可选：一个一次性代码（如果存在）用于表明 用户已同意你的 Action 访问指定范围。
scope	可选：您配置 Google 向用户请求的任何范围。

当您的令牌交换端点收到关联请求时，它应该 以下：

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys (available in JWK or PEM format) to verify the token's signature.

Note: The keys should not be hardcoded. Instead, follow OpenID connect discovery protocol and check the cache-control header to decide how long the key should be cached.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": 1234567890,        // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "[e-mail]", // If present, the user's email address
  "locale": "en_US"
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com and that the audience (aud field) is the client ID assigned to your Action.

检查您的身份验证系统中是否已存在该 Google 账号

请检查以下任一条件是否成立：

• Google 账号 ID 可在断言的 sub 字段中找到，也可位于您的用户数据库中。
• 断言中的电子邮件地址与用户数据库中的用户匹配。

如果满足上述任一条件，则表明用户已经注册，您可以发出 访问令牌。

如果断言中指定的 Google 账号 ID 和电子邮件地址都没有 与您数据库中的用户匹配，表示该用户尚未注册。在这种情况下，您的 令牌交换端点应回复 HTTP 401 错误，指定 error=user_not_found， 如以下示例中所示：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"user_not_found",
}

当 Google 收到包含 user_not_found 错误的 401 错误响应时， 使用 intent 参数的值调用您的令牌交换端点 设置为 create 并发送包含用户个人资料信息的 ID 令牌 一起发送。

Handle account creation via Google Sign-In

When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create, as in the following example:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&consent_code=CONSENT_CODE&assertion=JWT[&NEW_ACCOUNT_INFO]

The assertion parameter contains A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your service.

To respond to account creation requests, your token exchange endpoint must do the following:

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys (available in JWK or PEM format) to verify the token's signature.

Note: The keys should not be hardcoded. Instead, follow OpenID connect discovery protocol and check the cache-control header to decide how long the key should be cached.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": 1234567890,        // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "[e-mail]", // If present, the user's email address
  "locale": "en_US"
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com and that the audience (aud field) is the client ID assigned to your Action.

Validate user information and create new account

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

• The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
• The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account with their Google Account by responding to the request with an HTTP 401 error, specifying error=linking_error and the user's email address as the login_hint, as in the following example:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"[e-mail]"
}

If neither condition is true, create a new user account using the information provided in the JWT. New accounts do not typically have a password set. It is recommended that you add Google Sign In to other platforms to enable users to log in via Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password for signing in on other platforms.

When the creation is completed, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Design the voice user interface for the authentication flow

Warning: Don't give users a required account linking prompt at the start of the conversation with your Action. Instead, give unauthenticated users a guest flow to show how your Action works, and then only ask for account linking if it's necessary to proceed. If users are leaving the Action consistently because of account linking issues, Google will not actively promote the Action, which may decrease the Action's user traffic.

Note: You must use Actions Builder to build an Action that implements account linking.

Check if the user is verified and start the account linking flow

1. Open your Actions Builder project in the Actions Console.
2. Create a new scene to start account linking in your Action:
   1. Click Scenes.
   2. Click the add (+) icon to add a new scene.
3. In the newly created scene, click the add icon for Conditions.
4. Add a condition that checks if the user associated with the conversation is a a verified user. If the check fails, your Action can't perform account linking during the conversation, and should fall back to providing access to functionality that doesn't require account linking.
   1. In the Enter new expression field under Condition, enter the following logic: user.verificationStatus != "VERIFIED"
   2. Under Transition, select a scene that doesn't require account linking or a scene that is the entry point to guest-only functionality.

1. Click the add icon for Conditions.
2. Add a condition to trigger an account linking flow if the user doesn't have an associated identity.
   1. In the Enter new expression field under Condition, enter the following logic:: user.verificationStatus == "VERIFIED"
   2. Under Transition, select the Account Linking system scene.
   3. Click Save.

After saving, a new account linking system scene called <SceneName>_AccountLinking is added to your project.

Customize the account linking scene

1. Under Scenes, select the account linking system scene.
2. Click Send prompt and add a short sentence to describe to the user why the Action needs to access their identity (for example "To save your preferences").
3. Click Save.

1. Under Conditions, click If user successfully completes account linking.
2. Configure how the flow should proceed if the user agrees to link their account. For example, call the webhook to process any custom business logic required and transition back to the originating scene.
3. Click Save.

1. Under Conditions, click If user cancels or dismisses account linking.
2. Configure how the flow should proceed if the user doesn't agree to link their account. For example, send an acknowledging message and redirect to scenes that provide functionality that doesn't require account linking.
3. Click Save.

1. Under Conditions, click If system or network error occurs.
2. Configure how the flow should proceed if the account linking flow can't be completed because of system or network errors. For example, send an acknowledging message and redirect to scenes that provide functionality that doesn't require account linking.
3. Click Save.

Handle data access requests

If the Assistant request contains an access token, check first that the access token is valid and not expired and then retrieve from your user account database the user account associated with the token.