ERA5-Land Monthly Aggregated - ECMWF Climate Reanalysis

ECMWF/ERA5_LAND/MONTHLY_AGGR
Dataset Availability
1950-02-01T00:00:00Z–2024-11-01T00:00:00Z
Dataset Provider
Earth Engine Snippet
ee.ImageCollection("ECMWF/ERA5_LAND/MONTHLY_AGGR")

Description

ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world into a globally complete and consistent dataset using the laws of physics. Reanalysis produces data that goes several decades back in time, providing an accurate description of the climate of the past. This dataset includes all 50 variables as available on CDS.

The asset is a monthly aggregate of ECMWF ERA5 Land hourly assets which includes both flow and non-flow bands. Flow bands are formed by collecting the first hour's data of the following day for each day of the month and then adding them together, while the non-flow bands are created by averaging all hourly data of the month. The flow bands are labeled with the "_sum" identifier, which approach is different from the monthly data produced by Copernicus Climate Data Store, where flow bands are averaged too.

Monthly aggregates have been pre-calculated to facilitate many applications requiring easy and fast access to the data, when sub-monthly fields are not required.

ERA5-Land monthly aggregated data is available from 1950 to three months from real-time. More information can be found at the Copernicus Climate Data Store.

Precipitation and other flow (accumulated) bands might occasionally have negative values, which doesn't make physical sense. At other times their values might be excessively high.

This problem is due to how the GRIB format saves data: it simplifies or "packs" the data into smaller, less precise numbers, which can introduce errors. These errors get worse when the data varies a lot.

Because of this, when we look at the data for a whole day to compute daily totals, sometimes the highest amount of rainfall recorded at one time can seem larger than the total rainfall measured for the entire day.

To learn more, Please see: "Why are there sometimes small negative precipitation accumulations"

Bands

Resolution
11132 meters

Bands

Name Units Description
dewpoint_temperature_2m K

Temperature to which the air, at 2 meters above the surface of the Earth, would have to be cooled for saturation to occur. It is a measure of the humidity of the air. Combined with temperature and pressure, it can be used to calculate the relative humidity. 2m dew point temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.
temperature_2m K

Temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-land waters. 2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions.
skin_temperature K

Temperature of the surface of the Earth. The skin temperature is the theoretical temperature that is required to satisfy the surface energy balance. It represents the temperature of the uppermost surface layer, which has no heat capacity and so can respond instantaneously to changes in surface fluxes. Skin temperature is calculated differently over land and sea.
soil_temperature_level_1 K

Temperature of the soil in layer 1 (0 - 7 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. The surface is at 0 cm. Soil temperature is set at the middle of each layer, and heat transfer is calculated at the interfaces between them. It is assumed that there is no heat transfer out of the bottom of the lowest layer.
soil_temperature_level_2 K

Temperature of the soil in layer 2 (7-28 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.
soil_temperature_level_3 K

Temperature of the soil in layer 3 (28-100 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.
soil_temperature_level_4 K

Temperature of the soil in layer 4 (100-289 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.
lake_bottom_temperature K

Temperature of water at the bottom of inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers) and coastal waters. ECMWF implemented a lake model in May 2015 to represent the water temperature and lake ice of all the world's major inland water bodies in the Integrated Forecasting System. The model keeps lake depth and surface area (or fractional cover) constant in time.
lake_ice_depth m

The thickness of ice on inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs and rivers) and coastal waters. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) represents the formation and melting of ice on inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs and rivers) and coastal water. A single ice layer is represented. This parameter is the thickness of that ice layer.
lake_ice_temperature K

The temperature of the uppermost surface of ice on inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers) and coastal waters. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System represents the formation and melting of ice on lakes. A single ice layer is represented.
lake_mix_layer_depth m

The thickness of the upper most layer of an inland water body (lake, reservoirs, and rivers) or coastal waters that is well mixed and has a near constant temperature with depth (uniform distribution of temperature). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System represents inland water bodies with two layers in the vertical, the mixed layer above and the thermocline below. Thermoclines upper boundary is located at the mixed layer bottom, and the lower boundary at the lake bottom. Mixing within the mixed layer can occur when the density of the surface (and near-surface) water is greater than that of the water below. Mixing can also occur through the action of wind on the surface of the lake.
lake_mix_layer_temperature K

The temperature of the upper most layer of inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs and rivers) or coastal waters) that is well mixed. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System represents inland water bodies with two layers in the vertical, the mixed layer above and the thermocline below. Thermoclines upper boundary is located at the mixed layer bottom, and the lower boundary at the lake bottom. Mixing within the mixed layer can occur when the density of the surface (and near-surface) water is greater than that of the water below. Mixing can also occur through the action of wind on the surface of the lake.
lake_shape_factor

This parameter describes the way that temperature changes with depth in the thermocline layer of inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs and rivers) and coastal waters. It is used to calculate the lake bottom temperature and other lake-related parameters. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System represents inland and coastal water bodies with two layers in the vertical, the mixed layer above and the thermocline below where temperature changes with depth.
lake_total_layer_temperature K

The mean temperature of total water column in inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs and rivers) and coastal waters. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System represents inland water bodies with two layers in the vertical, the mixed layer above and the thermocline below where temperature changes with depth. This parameter is the mean over the two layers.
snow_albedo

It is defined as the fraction of solar (shortwave) radiation reflected by the snow, across the solar spectrum, for both direct and diffuse radiation. It is a measure of the reflectivity of the snow covered grid cells. Values vary between 0 and 1. Typically, snow and ice have high reflectivity with albedo values of 0.8 and above.
snow_cover %

It represents the fraction (0-1) of the cell / grid-box occupied by snow (similar to the cloud cover fields of ERA5).
snow_density kg/m^3

Mass of snow per cubic meter in the snow layer. The ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) model represents snow as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover all or part of the grid box.
snow_depth m

Instantaneous grib-box average of the snow thickness on the ground (excluding snow on canopy).
snow_depth_water_equivalent m of water equivalent

Depth of snow from the snow-covered area of a grid box. Its units are meters of water equivalent, so it is the depth the water would have if the snow melted and was spread evenly over the whole grid box. The ECMWF Integrated Forecast System represents snow as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover all or part of the grid box.
snowfall_sum m of water equivalent

Accumulated total snow that has fallen to the Earth's surface. It consists of snow due to the large-scale atmospheric flow (horizontal scales greater than around a few hundred meters) and convection where smaller scale areas (around 5km to a few hundred kilometers) of warm air rise. If snow has melted during the period over which this variable was accumulated, then it will be higher than the snow depth. This variable is the total amount of water accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units given measure the depth the water would have if the snow melted and was spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model variables with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box and model time step.
snowmelt_sum m of water equivalent

Melting of snow averaged over the grid box (to find melt over snow, divide by snow fraction). This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step.
temperature_of_snow_layer K

This variable gives the temperature of the snow layer from the ground to the snow-air interface. The ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) model represents snow as a single additional layer over the uppermost soil level. The snow may cover all or part of the grid box.
skin_reservoir_content m of water equivalent

Amount of water in the vegetation canopy and/or in a thin layer on the soil. It represents the amount of rain intercepted by foliage, and water from dew. The maximum amount of 'skin reservoir content' a grid box can hold depends on the type of vegetation, and may be zero. Water leaves the 'skin reservoir' by evaporation.
volumetric_soil_water_layer_1 Volume fraction

Volume of water in soil layer 1 (0 - 7 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. The surface is at 0 cm. The volumetric soil water is associated with the soil texture (or classification), soil depth, and the underlying groundwater level.
volumetric_soil_water_layer_2 Volume fraction

Volume of water in soil layer 2 (7 -28 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.
volumetric_soil_water_layer_3 Volume fraction

Volume of water in soil layer 3 (28-100 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.
volumetric_soil_water_layer_4 Volume fraction

Volume of water in soil layer 4 (100-289 cm) of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System.
forecast_albedo

Is a measure of the reflectivity of the Earth's surface. It is the fraction of solar (shortwave) radiation reflected by Earth's surface, across the solar spectrum, for both direct and diffuse radiation. Values are between 0 and 1. Typically, snow and ice have high reflectivity with albedo values of 0.8 and above, land has intermediate values between about 0.1 and 0.4 and the ocean has low values of 0.1 or less. Radiation from the Sun (solar, or shortwave, radiation) is partly reflected back to space by clouds and particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) and some of it is absorbed. The rest is incident on the Earth's surface, where some of it is reflected. The portion that is reflected by the Earth's surface depends on the albedo. In the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), a climatological background albedo (observed values averaged over a period of several years) is used, modified by the model over water, ice and snow. Albedo is often shown as a percentage (%).
surface_latent_heat_flux_sum J/m^2

Exchange of latent heat with the surface through turbulent diffusion. This variables is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. By model convention, downward fluxes are positive.
surface_net_solar_radiation_sum J/m^2

Amount of solar radiation (also known as shortwave radiation) reaching the surface of the Earth (both direct and diffuse) minus the amount reflected by the Earth's surface (which is governed by the albedo). Radiation from the Sun (solar, or shortwave, radiation) is partly reflected back to space by clouds and particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) and some of it is absorbed. The rest is incident on the Earth's surface, where some of it is reflected. The difference between downward and reflected solar radiation is the surface net solar radiation. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units are joules per square meter (J m-2). To convert to watts per square meter (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards.
surface_net_thermal_radiation_sum J/m^2

Net thermal radiation at the surface. Accumulated field from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. By model convention downward fluxes are positive.
surface_sensible_heat_flux_sum J/m^2

Transfer of heat between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere through the effects of turbulent air motion (but excluding any heat transfer resulting from condensation or evaporation). The magnitude of the sensible heat flux is governed by the difference in temperature between the surface and the overlying atmosphere, wind speed and the surface roughness. For example, cold air overlying a warm surface would produce a sensible heat flux from the land (or ocean) into the atmosphere. This is a single level variable and it is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units are joules per square meter (J m-2). To convert to watts per square meter (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards.
surface_solar_radiation_downwards_sum J/m^2

Amount of solar radiation (also known as shortwave radiation) reaching the surface of the Earth. This variable comprises both direct and diffuse solar radiation. Radiation from the Sun (solar, or shortwave, radiation) is partly reflected back to space by clouds and particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) and some of it is absorbed. The rest is incident on the Earth's surface (represented by this variable). To a reasonably good approximation, this variable is the model equivalent of what would be measured by a pyranometer (an instrument used for measuring solar radiation) at the surface. However, care should be taken when comparing model variables with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box and model time step. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units are joules per square meter (J m-2). To convert to watts per square meter (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards.
surface_thermal_radiation_downwards_sum J/m^2

Amount of thermal (also known as longwave or terrestrial) radiation emitted by the atmosphere and clouds that reaches the Earth's surface. The surface of the Earth emits thermal radiation, some of which is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. The atmosphere and clouds likewise emit thermal radiation in all directions, some of which reaches the surface (represented by this variable). This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units are joules per square meter (J m-2). To convert to watts per square meter (W m-2), the accumulated values should be divided by the accumulation period expressed in seconds. The ECMWF convention for vertical fluxes is positive downwards.
evaporation_from_bare_soil_sum m of water equivalent

The amount of evaporation from bare soil at the top of the land surface. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step.
evaporation_from_open_water_surfaces_excluding_oceans_sum m of water equivalent

Amount of evaporation from surface water storage like lakes and inundated areas but excluding oceans. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step.
evaporation_from_the_top_of_canopy_sum m of water equivalent

The amount of evaporation from the canopy interception reservoir at the top of the canopy. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step.
evaporation_from_vegetation_transpiration_sum m of water equivalent

Amount of evaporation from vegetation transpiration. This has the same meaning as root extraction i.e. the amount of water extracted from the different soil layers. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step.
potential_evaporation_sum m

Potential evaporation (pev) in the current ECMWF model is computed, by making a second call to the surface energy balance routine with the vegetation variables set to "crops/mixed farming" and assuming no stress from soil moisture. In other words, evaporation is computed for agricultural land as if it is well watered and assuming that the atmosphere is not affected by this artificial surface condition. The latter may not always be realistic. Although pev is meant to provide an estimate of irrigation requirements, the method can give unrealistic results in arid conditions due to too strong evaporation forced by dry air. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step.
runoff_sum m

Some water from rainfall, melting snow, or deep in the soil, stays stored in the soil. Otherwise, the water drains away, either over the surface (surface runoff), or under the ground (sub-surface runoff) and the sum of these two is simply called 'runoff'. This variable is the total amount of water accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units of runoff are depth in meters. This is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model variables with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point rather than averaged over a grid square area. Observations are also often taken in different units, such as mm/day, rather than the accumulated meters produced here. Runoff is a measure of the availability of water in the soil, and can, for example, be used as an indicator of drought or flood. More information about how runoff is calculated is given in the IFS Physical Processes documentation.
snow_evaporation_sum m of water equivalent

Evaporation from snow averaged over the grid box (to find flux over snow, divide by snow fraction). This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step.
sub_surface_runoff_sum m

Some water from rainfall, melting snow, or deep in the soil, stays stored in the soil. Otherwise, the water drains away, either over the surface (surface runoff), or under the ground(sub-surface runoff) and the sum of these two is simply called 'runoff'. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units of runoff are depth in meters. This is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model variables with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point rather than averaged over a grid square area. Observations are also often taken in different units, such as mm/day, rather than the accumulated meters produced here. Runoff is a measure of the availability of water in the soil, and can, for example, be used as an indicator of drought or flood. More information about how runoff is calculated is given in the IFS Physical Processes documentation.
surface_runoff_sum m

Some water from rainfall, melting snow, or deep in the soil, stays stored in the soil. Otherwise, the water drains away, either over the surface (surface runoff), or under the ground (sub-surface runoff) and the sum of these two is simply called 'runoff'. This variable is the total amount of water accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units of runoff are depth in meters. This is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model variables with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point rather than averaged over a grid square area. Observations are also often taken in different units, such as mm/day, rather than the accumulated meters produced here. Runoff is a measure of the availability of water in the soil, and can, for example, be used as an indicator of drought or flood. More information about how runoff is calculated is given in the IFS Physical Processes documentation.
total_evaporation_sum m of water equivalent

Accumulated amount of water that has evaporated from the Earth's surface, including a simplified representation of transpiration (from vegetation), into vapor in the air above. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast to the end of the forecast step. The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System convention is that downward fluxes are positive. Therefore, negative values indicate evaporation and positive values indicate condensation.
u_component_of_wind_10m m/s

Eastward component of the 10m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, at a height of ten meters above the surface of the Earth, in meters per second. Care should be taken when comparing this variable with observations, because wind observations vary on small space and time scales and are affected by the local terrain, vegetation and buildings that are represented only on average in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. This variable can be combined with the V component of 10m wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal 10m wind.
v_component_of_wind_10m m/s

Northward component of the 10m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the north, at a height of ten meters above the surface of the Earth, in meters per second. Care should be taken when comparing this variable with observations, because wind observations vary on small space and time scales and are affected by the local terrain, vegetation and buildings that are represented only on average in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. This variable can be combined with the U component of 10m wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal 10m wind.
surface_pressure Pa

Pressure (force per unit area) of the atmosphere on the surface of land, sea and in-land water. It is a measure of the weight of all the air in a column vertically above the area of the Earth's surface represented at a fixed point. Surface pressure is often used in combination with temperature to calculate air density. The strong variation of pressure with altitude makes it difficult to see the low and high pressure systems over mountainous areas, so mean sea level pressure, rather than surface pressure, is normally used for this purpose. The units of this variable are Pascals (Pa). Surface pressure is often measured in hPa and sometimes is presented in the old units of millibars, mb (1 hPa = 1 mb = 100 Pa).
total_precipitation_sum m

Accumulated liquid and frozen water, including rain and snow, that falls to the Earth's surface. It is the sum of large-scale precipitation (that precipitation which is generated by large-scale weather patterns, such as troughs and cold fronts) and convective precipitation (generated by convection which occurs when air at lower levels in the atmosphere is warmer and less dense than the air above, so it rises). Precipitation variables do not include fog, dew or the precipitation that evaporates in the atmosphere before it lands at the surface of the Earth. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units of precipitation are depth in meters. It is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model variables with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box and model time step.
leaf_area_index_high_vegetation Area fraction

One-half of the total green leaf area per unit horizontal ground surface area for high vegetation type.
leaf_area_index_low_vegetation Area fraction

One-half of the total green leaf area per unit horizontal ground surface area for low vegetation type.
dewpoint_temperature_2m_min K

minimum dewpoint_temperature_2m value each month
dewpoint_temperature_2m_max K

maximum dewpoint_temperature_2m value each month
temperature_2m_min K

minimum temperature_2m value each month
temperature_2m_max K

maximum temperature_2m value each month
skin_temperature_min K

minimum skin_temperature value each month
skin_temperature_max K

maximum skin_temperature value each month
soil_temperature_level_1_min K

minimum soil_temperature_level_1 value each month
soil_temperature_level_1_max K

maximum soil_temperature_level_1 value each month
soil_temperature_level_2_min K

minimum soil_temperature_level_2 value each month
soil_temperature_level_2_max K

maximum soil_temperature_level_2 value each month
soil_temperature_level_3_min K

minimum soil_temperature_level_3 value each month
soil_temperature_level_3_max K

maximum soil_temperature_level_3 value each month
soil_temperature_level_4_min K

minimum soil_temperature_level_4 value each month
soil_temperature_level_4_max K

maximum soil_temperature_level_4 value each month
lake_bottom_temperature_min K

minimum lake_bottom_temperature value each month
lake_bottom_temperature_max K

maximum lake_bottom_temperature value each month
lake_ice_depth_min m

minimum lake_ice_depth value each month
lake_ice_depth_max m

maximum lake_ice_depth value each month
lake_ice_temperature_min K

minimum lake_ice_temperature value each month
lake_ice_temperature_max K

maximum lake_ice_temperature value each month
lake_mix_layer_depth_min m

minimum lake_mix_layer_depth value each month
lake_mix_layer_depth_max m

maximum lake_mix_layer_depth value each month
lake_mix_layer_temperature_min K

minimum lake_mix_layer_temperature value each month
lake_mix_layer_temperature_max K

maximum lake_mix_layer_temperature value each month
lake_shape_factor_min

minimum lake_shape_factor value each month
lake_shape_factor_max

maximum lake_shape_factor value each month
lake_total_layer_temperature_min K

minimum lake_total_layer_temperature value each month
lake_total_layer_temperature_max K

maximum lake_total_layer_temperature value each month
snow_albedo_min

minimum snow_albedo value each month
snow_albedo_max

maximum snow_albedo value each month
snow_cover_min %

minimum snow_cover value each month
snow_cover_max %

maximum snow_cover value each month
snow_density_min kg/m^3

minimum snow_density value each month
snow_density_max kg/m^3

maximum snow_density value each month
snow_depth_min m

minimum snow_depth value each month
snow_depth_max m

maximum snow_depth value each month
snow_depth_water_equivalent_min m of water equivalent

minimum snow_depth_water_equivalent value each month
snow_depth_water_equivalent_max m of water equivalent

maximum snow_depth_water_equivalent value each month
snowfall_min m of water equivalent

minimum snowfall value each month
snowfall_max m of water equivalent

maximum snowfall value each month
snowmelt_min m of water equivalent

minimum snowmelt value each month
snowmelt_max m of water equivalent

maximum snowmelt value each month
temperature_of_snow_layer_min K

minimum temperature_of_snow_layer value each month
temperature_of_snow_layer_max K

maximum temperature_of_snow_layer value each month
skin_reservoir_content_min m of water equivalent

minimum skin_reservoir_content value each month
skin_reservoir_content_max m of water equivalent

maximum skin_reservoir_content value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_1_min Volume fraction

minimum volumetric_soil_water_layer_1 value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_1_max Volume fraction

maximum volumetric_soil_water_layer_1 value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_2_min Volume fraction

minimum volumetric_soil_water_layer_2 value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_2_max Volume fraction

maximum volumetric_soil_water_layer_2 value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_3_min Volume fraction

minimum volumetric_soil_water_layer_3 value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_3_max Volume fraction

maximum volumetric_soil_water_layer_3 value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_4_min Volume fraction

minimum volumetric_soil_water_layer_4 value each month
volumetric_soil_water_layer_4_max Volume fraction

maximum volumetric_soil_water_layer_4 value each month
forecast_albedo_min

minimum forecast_albedo value each month
forecast_albedo_max

maximum forecast_albedo value each month
surface_latent_heat_flux_min J/m^2

minimum surface_latent_heat_flux value each month
surface_latent_heat_flux_max J/m^2

maximum surface_latent_heat_flux value each month
surface_net_solar_radiation_min J/m^2

minimum surface_net_solar_radiation value each month
surface_net_solar_radiation_max J/m^2

maximum surface_net_solar_radiation value each month
surface_net_thermal_radiation_min J/m^2

minimum surface_net_thermal_radiation value each month
surface_net_thermal_radiation_max J/m^2

maximum surface_net_thermal_radiation value each month
surface_sensible_heat_flux_min J/m^2

minimum surface_sensible_heat_flux value each month
surface_sensible_heat_flux_max J/m^2

maximum surface_sensible_heat_flux value each month
surface_solar_radiation_downwards_min J/m^2

minimum surface_solar_radiation_downwards value each month
surface_solar_radiation_downwards_max J/m^2

maximum surface_solar_radiation_downwards value each month
surface_thermal_radiation_downwards_min J/m^2

minimum surface_thermal_radiation_downwards value each month
surface_thermal_radiation_downwards_max J/m^2

maximum surface_thermal_radiation_downwards value each month
evaporation_from_bare_soil_min m of water equivalent

minimum evaporation_from_bare_soil value each month
evaporation_from_bare_soil_max m of water equivalent

maximum evaporation_from_bare_soil value each month
evaporation_from_open_water_surfaces_excluding_oceans_min m of water equivalent

minimum evaporation_from_open_water_surfaces_excluding_oceans value each month
evaporation_from_open_water_surfaces_excluding_oceans_max m of water equivalent

maximum evaporation_from_open_water_surfaces_excluding_oceans value each month
evaporation_from_the_top_of_canopy_min m of water equivalent

minimum evaporation_from_the_top_of_canopy value each month
evaporation_from_the_top_of_canopy_max m of water equivalent

maximum evaporation_from_the_top_of_canopy value each month
evaporation_from_vegetation_transpiration_min m of water equivalent

minimum evaporation_from_vegetation_transpiration value each month
evaporation_from_vegetation_transpiration_max m of water equivalent

maximum evaporation_from_vegetation_transpiration value each month
potential_evaporation_min m

minimum potential_evaporation value each month
potential_evaporation_max m

maximum potential_evaporation value each month
runoff_min m

minimum runoff value each month
runoff_max m

maximum runoff value each month
snow_evaporation_min m of water equivalent

minimum snow_evaporation value each month
snow_evaporation_max m of water equivalent

maximum snow_evaporation value each month
sub_surface_runoff_min m

minimum sub_surface_runoff value each month
sub_surface_runoff_max m

maximum sub_surface_runoff value each month
surface_runoff_min m

minimum surface_runoff value each month
surface_runoff_max m

maximum surface_runoff value each month
total_evaporation_min m of water equivalent

minimum total_evaporation value each month
total_evaporation_max m of water equivalent

maximum total_evaporation value each month
u_component_of_wind_10m_min m/s

minimum u_component_of_wind_10m value each month
u_component_of_wind_10m_max m/s

maximum u_component_of_wind_10m value each month
v_component_of_wind_10m_min m/s

minimum v_component_of_wind_10m value each month
v_component_of_wind_10m_max m/s

maximum v_component_of_wind_10m value each month
surface_pressure_min Pa

minimum surface_pressure value each month
surface_pressure_max Pa

maximum surface_pressure value each month
total_precipitation_min m

minimum total_precipitation value each month
total_precipitation_max m

maximum total_precipitation value each month
leaf_area_index_high_vegetation_min Area fraction

minimum leaf_area_index_high_vegetation value each month
leaf_area_index_high_vegetation_max Area fraction

maximum leaf_area_index_high_vegetation value each month
leaf_area_index_low_vegetation_min Area fraction

minimum leaf_area_index_low_vegetation value each month
leaf_area_index_low_vegetation_max Area fraction

maximum leaf_area_index_low_vegetation value each month

Image Properties

Image Properties

Name Type Description
month INT

Calendar month
year INT

Calendar year

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

Please acknowledge the use of ERA5-Land as stated in the Copernicus C3S/CAMS License agreement:

  • 5.1.1 Where the Licensee communicates or distributes Copernicus Products to the public, the Licensee shall inform the recipients of the source by using the following or any similar notice: 'Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service Information [Year]'.

  • 5.1.2 Where the Licensee makes or contributes to a publication or distribution containing adapted or modified Copernicus Products, the Licensee shall provide the following or any similar notice: 'Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service Information [Year]';

Any such publication or distribution covered by clauses 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 shall state that neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus Information or Data it contains.

Citations

Citations:

  • Muñoz Sabater, J., (2019): ERA5-Land monthly averaged data from 1981 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). (<date of access>), doi:10.24381/cds.68d2bb30

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

var dataset = ee.ImageCollection('ECMWF/ERA5_LAND/MONTHLY_AGGR').first();

var visualization = {
  bands: ['temperature_2m'],
  min: 250,
  max: 320,
  palette: [
    '000080', '0000d9', '4000ff', '8000ff', '0080ff', '00ffff',
    '00ff80', '80ff00', 'daff00', 'ffff00', 'fff500', 'ffda00',
    'ffb000', 'ffa400', 'ff4f00', 'ff2500', 'ff0a00', 'ff00ff',
  ]
};

Map.setCenter(70, 45, 3);
Map.addLayer(
    dataset, visualization, 'Air temperature [K] at 2m height', true, 0.8);
Open in Code Editor
ERA5-Land is a reanalysis dataset providing a consistent view of the evolution of land variables over several decades at an enhanced resolution compared to ERA5. ERA5-Land has been produced by replaying the land component of the ECMWF ERA5 climate reanalysis. Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world …
ECMWF/ERA5_LAND/MONTHLY_AGGR, cds,climate,copernicus,ecmwf,era5-land,evaporation,heat,lakes,precipitation,pressure,radiation,reanalysis,runoff,snow,soil-water,temperature,vegetation,wind
1950-02-01T00:00:00Z/2024-11-01T00:00:00Z
Google Earth Engine