USGS Landsat 9 Level 2, Collection 2, Tier 1

LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2
Dataset Availability
2021-10-31T00:00:00Z–2024-12-19T23:03:36Z
Dataset Provider
Earth Engine Snippet
ee.ImageCollection("LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2")
Revisit Interval
16 Days
Tags
cfmask cloud fmask global l9sr landsat lasrc lc09 lst reflectance sr usgs

Description

This dataset contains atmospherically corrected surface reflectance and land surface temperature derived from the data produced by the Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS sensors. These images contain 5 visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands and 2 short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands processed to orthorectified surface reflectance, and one thermal infrared (TIR) band processed to orthorectified surface temperature. They also contain intermediate bands used in calculation of the ST products, as well as QA bands.

Landsat 9 SR products are created with the Land Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC). All Collection 2 ST products are created with a single-channel algorithm jointly created by the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

Strips of collected data are packaged into overlapping "scenes" covering approximately 170km x 183km using a standardized reference grid.

Some assets have only SR data, in which case ST bands are present but empty. For assets with both ST and SR bands, 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SP'. For assets with only SR bands, 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR'.

Additional documentation and usage examples.

Data provider notes:

  • Data products must contain both optical and thermal data to be successfully processed to surface temperature, as ASTER NDVI is required to temporally adjust the ASTER GED product to the target Landsat scene. Therefore, night time acquisitions cannot be processed to surface temperature.

  • A known error exists in the surface temperature retrievals relative to clouds and possibly cloud shadows. The characterization of these issues has been documented by Cook et al., (2014).

  • ASTER GED contains areas of missing mean emissivity data required for successful ST product generation. If there is missing ASTER GED information, there will be missing ST data in those areas.

  • The ASTER GED dataset is created from all clear-sky pixels of ASTER scenes acquired from 2000 through 2008. While this dataset has a global spatial extent, there are areas missing mean emissivity information due to persistent cloud contamination in the ASTER measurements.

  • The USGS further screens unphysical values (emissivity < 0.6) in ASTER GED to remove any emissivity underestimation due to undetected clouds. For any given pixel with no ASTER GED input or unphysical emissivity value, the resulting Landsat ST products have missing pixels. The missing Landsat ST pixels will be consistent through time (1982-present) given the static nature of ASTER GED mean climatology data. For more information refer to landsat-collection-2-surface-temperature-data-gaps-due-missing

Bands

Resolution
30 meters

Bands

Name Units Min Max Scale Offset Wavelength Description
SR_B1 1 65455 2.75e-05 -0.2 0.435-0.451 μm

Band 1 (ultra blue, coastal aerosol) surface reflectance
SR_B2 1 65455 2.75e-05 -0.2 0.452-0.512 μm

Band 2 (blue) surface reflectance
SR_B3 1 65455 2.75e-05 -0.2 0.533-0.590 μm

Band 3 (green) surface reflectance
SR_B4 1 65455 2.75e-05 -0.2 0.636-0.673 μm

Band 4 (red) surface reflectance
SR_B5 1 65455 2.75e-05 -0.2 0.851-0.879 μm

Band 5 (near infrared) surface reflectance
SR_B6 1 65455 2.75e-05 -0.2 1.566-1.651 μm

Band 6 (shortwave infrared 1) surface reflectance
SR_B7 1 65455 2.75e-05 -0.2 2.107-2.294 μm

Band 7 (shortwave infrared 2) surface reflectance
SR_QA_AEROSOL

Aerosol attributes
ST_B10 K 0 65535 0.00341802 149 10.60-11.19 μm

Band 10 surface temperature. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_ATRAN 0 10000 0.0001

Atmospheric Transmittance. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_CDIST km 0 24000 0.01

Pixel distance to cloud. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_DRAD W/(m^2*sr*um)/ DN 0 28000 0.001

Downwelled Radiance. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_EMIS 0 10000 0.0001

Emissivity of Band 10 estimated from ASTER GED. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_EMSD 0 10000 0.0001

Emissivity standard deviation. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_QA K 0 32767 0.01

Uncertainty of the Surface Temperature band. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_TRAD W/(m^2*sr*um)/ DN 0 22000 0.001

Thermal band converted to radiance. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
ST_URAD W/(m^2*sr*um)/ DN 0 28000 0.001

Upwelled Radiance. If 'PROCESSING_LEVEL' is set to 'L2SR', this band is fully masked out.
QA_PIXEL

Pixel quality attributes generated from the CFMASK algorithm.
QA_RADSAT

Radiometric saturation QA

Image Properties

Image Properties

Name Type Description
ALGORITHM_SOURCE_SURFACE_REFLECTANCE STRING

Name and version of the surface reflectance algorithm.
ALGORITHM_SOURCE_SURFACE_TEMPERATURE STRING

Name and version of the surface temperature algorithm.
CLOUD_COVER DOUBLE

Percentage cloud cover (0-100), -1 = not calculated.
CLOUD_COVER_LAND DOUBLE

Percentage cloud cover over land (0-100), -1 = not calculated.
COLLECTION_CATEGORY STRING

Scene collection category, "T1" or "T2".
DATA_SOURCE_AIR_TEMPERATURE STRING

Air temperature data source.
DATA_SOURCE_ELEVATION STRING

Elevation data source.
DATA_SOURCE_OZONE STRING

Ozone data source.
DATA_SOURCE_PRESSURE STRING

Pressure data source.
DATA_SOURCE_REANALYSIS STRING

Reanalysis data source.
DATA_SOURCE_TIRS_STRAY_LIGHT_CORRECTION STRING

TIRS stray light correction data source.
DATA_SOURCE_WATER_VAPOR STRING

Water vapor data source.
DATE_PRODUCT_GENERATED DOUBLE

Timestamp of the date when the product was generated.
EARTH_SUN_DISTANCE DOUBLE

Earth-Sun distance (AU).
EPHEMERIS_TYPE STRING

Identifier to inform the user of the orbital ephemeris type used: "DEFINITIVE" or "PREDICTIVE". If the field is not present, the user should assume "PREDICTIVE".
GEOMETRIC_RMSE_MODEL DOUBLE

Combined RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the geometric residuals (meters) in both across-track and along-track directions. This parameter is only present if the L1_PROCESSING_LEVEL is L1TP.
GEOMETRIC_RMSE_MODEL_X DOUBLE

RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the geometric residuals (meters) measured on the GCPs (Ground Control Points) used in geometric precision correction in the across-track direction. This parameter is only present if the L1_PROCESSING_LEVEL is L1TP.
GEOMETRIC_RMSE_MODEL_Y DOUBLE

RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the geometric residuals (meters) measured on the GCPs (Ground Control Points) used in geometric precision correction in the along-track direction. This parameter is only present if the L1_PROCESSING_LEVEL is L1TP.
GEOMETRIC_RMSE_VERIFY DOUBLE

RMSE of the geometric residuals (meters) measured on the terrain-corrected product independently using GLS2000. This parameter is only present if the L1_PROCESSING_LEVEL is L1TP.
GROUND_CONTROL_POINTS_MODEL DOUBLE

Number of GCPs used in the precision correction process. This parameter is only present if the L1_PROCESSING_LEVEL is L1TP.
GROUND_CONTROL_POINTS_VERIFY DOUBLE

Number of GCPs (Ground Control Points) used in the verification of the terrain corrected product.
GROUND_CONTROL_POINTS_VERSION DOUBLE

GCP dataset version used in the precision correction process. This parameter is only present if the L1_PROCESSING_LEVEL is L1TP.
IMAGE_QUALITY_OLI INT

Image quality of the OLI bands. 1 = worst, 9 = best, 0 = quality not calculated. For Landsat 8, this parameter is adjusted downward for scenes collected using the lower 12 bits from the OLI sensor (TRUNCATION_OLI = "LOWER").
IMAGE_QUALITY_TIRS INT

Image quality of the TIRS bands. 1 = worst, 9 = best, 0 = quality not calculated. It is also adjusted downward for scenes processed with "SWITCHED" for the TIRS_SSM_POSITION_STATUS value.
L1_DATE_PRODUCT_GENERATED STRING

Product generation date for the corresponding L1 product.
L1_LANDSAT_PRODUCT_ID STRING

Landsat Product Identifier for the corresponding L1 product.
L1_PROCESSING_LEVEL STRING

Processing Level for the corresponding L1 product.
L1_PROCESSING_SOFTWARE_VERSION STRING

Processing software version for the corresponding L1 product.
LANDSAT_PRODUCT_ID STRING

Landsat Product Identifier
LANDSAT_SCENE_ID STRING

Short Landsat Scene Identifier
PROCESSING_LEVEL STRING

"L2SP" when both SR and LST bands are present, or "L2SR" when only SR bands are present.
PROCESSING_SOFTWARE_VERSION STRING

The processing software version that created the product.
ROLL_ANGLE DOUBLE

The amount of spacecraft roll angle at the scene center. The roll value is given in the Yaw Steering Frame (YSF) reference, whose x-axis is aligned with the instantaneous ground track velocity vector. Rolls about this x-axis go by the right-hand rule: a positive roll results in the instruments pointing to the left of the ground track, while a negative roll results in the instrument pointing to the right.
SCENE_CENTER_TIME STRING

Time of the observations as in ISO 8601 string.
SENSOR_ID STRING

Name of the sensor.
SPACECRAFT_ID STRING

Name of the spacecraft.
SUN_AZIMUTH DOUBLE

Sun azimuth angle in degrees for the image center location at the image center acquisition time. A positive value indicates angles to the east or clockwise from the north. A negative value indicates angles to the west or counterclockwise from the north.
SUN_ELEVATION DOUBLE

Sun elevation angle in degrees for the image center location at the image center acquisition time. A positive value indicates a daytime scene. A negative value indicates a nighttime scene. Note: For reflectance calculation, the sun zenith angle is needed, which is 90 - sun elevation angle.
TARGET_WRS_PATH INT

Nearest WRS-2 path to the Line-ofSight (LOS) scene center of the image.
TARGET_WRS_ROW INT

Nearest WRS-2 row to the LOS scene center of the image. Rows 880-889 are reserved for the north pole and 990-999 are reserved for the south pole, where WRS-2 is not defined.
TEMPERATURE_MAXIMUM_BAND_ST_B10 DOUBLE

Maximum achievable temperature value for Band 10.
TEMPERATURE_MINIMUM_BAND_ST_B10 DOUBLE

Minimum achievable temperature value for Band 10.
TIRS_SSM_MODEL STRING

Indicates how the Landsat 8 TIRS Scene Select Mirror (SSM) position was determined.

  • "FINAL" indicates final estimated encoder values generated after the switch event.

  • "ACTUAL" indicates actual encoder values.
TIRS_SSM_POSITION_STATUS STRING

  • "NOMINAL" indicates the SSM was functioning normally for this scene.

  • "SWITCHED" indicates the SSM switched operating modes in the scene and may have TIRS image quality issues, which directly impact the IMAGE_QUALITY_TIRS value.

  • "ESTIMATED" indicates the SSM position was estimated, which may not be as accurate as the "NOMINAL" status.
TRUNCATION_OLI STRING

  • "LOWER" indicates that the lower 12 bits were used.

  • "UPPER" indicates the upper 12 bits were used.

The normal truncation mode is "UPPER".
WRS_PATH INT

WRS path number of scene.
WRS_ROW INT

WRS row number of scene.

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

Landsat datasets are federally created data and therefore reside in the public domain and may be used, transferred, or reproduced without copyright restriction.

Acknowledgement or credit of the USGS as data source should be provided by including a line of text citation such as the example shown below.

(Product, Image, Photograph, or Dataset Name) courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey

Example: Landsat-7 image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey

See the USGS Visual Identity System Guidance for further details on proper citation and acknowledgement of USGS products.

Explore with Earth Engine

Code Editor (JavaScript)

var dataset = ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2')
    .filterDate('2022-01-01', '2022-02-01');

// Applies scaling factors.
function applyScaleFactors(image) {
  var opticalBands = image.select('SR_B.').multiply(0.0000275).add(-0.2);
  var thermalBands = image.select('ST_B.*').multiply(0.00341802).add(149.0);
  return image.addBands(opticalBands, null, true)
              .addBands(thermalBands, null, true);
}

dataset = dataset.map(applyScaleFactors);

var visualization = {
  bands: ['SR_B4', 'SR_B3', 'SR_B2'],
  min: 0.0,
  max: 0.3,
};

Map.setCenter(-114.2579, 38.9275, 8);

Map.addLayer(dataset, visualization, 'True Color (432)');

Python setup

See the Python Environment page for information on the Python API and using geemap for interactive development.

import ee
import geemap.core as geemap

Colab (Python)

dataset = ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2').filterDate(
    '2022-01-01', '2022-02-01'
)


# Applies scaling factors.
def apply_scale_factors(image):
  optical_bands = image.select('SR_B.').multiply(0.0000275).add(-0.2)
  thermal_bands = image.select('ST_B.*').multiply(0.00341802).add(149.0)
  return image.addBands(optical_bands, None, True).addBands(
      thermal_bands, None, True
  )


dataset = dataset.map(apply_scale_factors)

visualization = {
    'bands': ['SR_B4', 'SR_B3', 'SR_B2'],
    'min': 0.0,
    'max': 0.3,
}

m = geemap.Map()
m.set_center(-114.2579, 38.9275, 8)
m.add_layer(dataset, visualization, 'True Color (432)')
m
Open in Code Editor
This dataset contains atmospherically corrected surface reflectance and land surface temperature derived from the data produced by the Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS sensors. These images contain 5 visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands and 2 short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands processed to orthorectified surface reflectance, and one thermal infrared (TIR) band processed to …
LANDSAT/LC09/C02/T1_L2, cfmask,cloud,fmask,global,l9sr,landsat,lasrc,lc09,lst,reflectance,sr,usgs
2021-10-31T00:00:00Z/2024-12-19T23:03:36Z
Google Earth Engine