Penautan Akun Google dengan OAuth

Akun ditautkan menggunakan alur implisit dan kode otorisasi OAuth 2.0 standar industri.

Perhatian: Alur implisit tidak didukung untuk MCP, UCP, dan Alur yang didorong oleh Agen. Cara ini umumnya tidak disarankan untuk semua integrasi baru. Gunakan alur kode otorisasi sebagai gantinya.

Layanan Anda harus mendukung endpoint otorisasi dan penukaran token yang sesuai dengan OAuth 2.0.

In the implicit flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from Google.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

• The authorization endpoint, which presents the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in. The authorization endpoint also creates a short-lived authorization code to record users' consent to the requested access.

• The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:

  1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
  2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Choose an OAuth 2.0 flow

Although the implicit flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued by the implicit flow never expire. This is because the user is forced to link their account again after a token expires with the implicit flow. If you need token expiration for security reasons, we strongly recommend that you use the authorization code flow instead.

Note: Use the following buttons to choose which OAuth 2.0 flow you want to implement. If needed, the content of this guide will reload to match your choice.

Implicit flow Authorization code

Design guidelines

This section describes the design requirements and recommendations for the user screen that you host for OAuth linking flows. After it's called by Google's app, your platform displays a sign in to Google page and account linking consent screen to the user. The user is directed back to Google's app after giving their consent to link accounts.

Figure 1. Account linking user sign in to Google and consent screens.

Requirements

1. You must communicate that the user’s account will be linked to Google, not a specific Google product like Google Home or Google Assistant.

Recommendations

We recommend that you do the following:

1. Display Google's Privacy Policy. Include a link to Google’s Privacy Policy on the consent screen.

2. Data to be shared. Use clear and concise language to tell the user what data of theirs Google requires and why.

3. Clear call-to-action. State a clear call-to-action on your consent screen, such as “Agree and link.” This is because users need to understand what data they're required to share with Google to link their accounts.

4. Ability to cancel. Provide a way for users to go back or cancel, if they choose not to link.

5. Clear sign-in process. Ensure that users have clear method for signing in to their Google account, such as fields for their username and password or Sign in with Google.

6. Ability to unlink. Offer a mechanism for users to unlink, such as a URL to their account settings on your platform. Alternatively, you can include a link to Google Account where users can manage their linked account.

7. Ability to change user account. Suggest a method for users to switch their account(s). This is especially beneficial if users tend to have multiple accounts.

   • If a user must close the consent screen to switch accounts, send a recoverable error to Google so the user can sign in to the desired account with OAuth linking and the implicit flow.

8. Include your logo. Display your company logo on the consent screen. Use your style guidelines to place your logo. If you wish to also display Google's logo, see Logos and trademarks.

Figure 2. Design guidelines for user sign in to Google and consent screens.

创建项目

**注意**： 您可以重复使用现有项目，无需专门为账号关联创建新项目。

如需创建项目以使用账号关联，请执行以下操作：

1. 前往 Google API 控制台。
2. 点击 Create project 。
3. 输入名称或接受生成的建议。
4. 确认或修改任何剩余字段。
5. 点击创建 。

如需查看项目 ID，请执行以下操作：

1. 前往 Google API 控制台。
2. 在着陆页的表格中找到您的项目。项目 ID 会显示在 ID 列中。

配置 OAuth 权限请求页面

Google 账号关联过程包含一个权限请求页面，该页面会告知用户请求访问其数据的应用、应用请求的数据类型以及适用的条款。您需要先配置 OAuth 权限请求页面，然后才能生成 Google API 客户端 ID。

1. 打开 Google API 控制台的 OAuth 权限请求页面 页面。
2. 如果系统提示您选择项目，请选择您刚刚创建的项目。

3. 在“OAuth 权限请求页面”上，填写表单，然后点击“保存”按钮。

   应用名称 ：向用户征求同意的应用的名称。该名称应准确反映您的应用，并且与用户在其他位置看到的应用名称保持一致。应用名称将显示在账号关联权限请求页面上。

   应用徽标：权限请求页面上显示的一张图片，用以让用户认出您的应用。徽标会显示在账号关联权限请求页面和账号设置中

   支持邮箱 ：用户用于针对其同意问题与您联系的邮箱。

   Google API 的范围 ：范围允许您的应用访问用户的私有 Google 数据。对于 Google 账号关联用例，默认范围（邮箱、个人资料、openid）就足够了，您无需添加任何敏感范围。通常，最佳做法是在需要访问权限时逐步请求范围，而不是提前请求。了解详情。

   已获授权的网域 ：为了保护您和您的用户，Google 只允许使用 OAuth 进行身份验证的应用使用已获授权的网域。您应用的链接必须托管在已获授权的网域上。了解详情。

   应用首页链接 ：应用的首页。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

   应用隐私权政策链接 ：显示在 Google 账号关联权限请求页面上。必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

   应用服务条款链接（可选） ：必须托管在已获授权的网域上。

   

   图 1. 虚构应用 Tunery 的 Google 账号关联权限请求页面

4. 查看“验证状态”，如果您的应用需要验证，请点击“提交以进行验证”按钮，提交应用以进行验证。如需了解详情，请参阅 OAuth 验证要求。

Menerapkan server OAuth Anda

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Danger: The implicit flow is not supported for MCP, UCP, and Agent-driven flows. It is generally discouraged for all new integrations due to security considerations. Use the authorization code flow instead.

To support the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, your service makes an authorization endpoint available by HTTPS. This endpoint is responsible for authentication and obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's authorized APIs, Google uses this endpoint to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

Google Account Linking: OAuth Implicit Flow

The following sequence diagram details interactions between the User, Google, and your service's endpoints.

Figure 1. The sequence of events in the OAuth 2.0 Implicit flow for Google Account Linking.

Roles and responsibilities

The following table defines the roles and responsibilities of actors in the Google Account Linking (GAL) OAuth Implicit flow. Note that in GAL, Google acts as the OAuth Client, while your service acts as the Identity/Service Provider.

Actor / Component	GAL Role	Responsibilities
Google App / Server	OAuth Client	Initiates the flow, receives the access token using a browser redirect, and securely stores it to access your service's APIs.
Your Authorization Endpoint	Authorization Server	Authenticates your users, obtains their consent, and issues long-lived access tokens directly to Google.
Google Redirect URI	Callback Endpoint	Receives the user redirect from your authorization service with the access_token and state values in the URL fragment.

A typical OAuth 2.0 implicit flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
2. Your service creates an access token and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the access token attached to the request.
3. Google calls your service's APIs and attaches the access token with each request. Your service verifies that the access token grants Google authorization to access the API and then completes the API call.

Handle authorization requests

When a Google application needs to perform account linking using an OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

Authorization endpoint parameters
client_id	The client ID you assigned to Google.
redirect_uri	The URL to which you send the response to this request.
state	A bookkeeping value that is passed back to Google unchanged in the redirect URI.
response_type	The type of value to return in the response. For the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, the response type is always token.
user_locale	The Google Account language setting in RFC5646 format used to localize your content in the user's preferred language.

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token&user_locale=LOCALE

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

1. Verify the client_id and redirect_uri values to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the client ID you assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     

2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate an access token for Google to use to access your API. The access token can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for and must not be guessable.

4. Send an HTTP response that redirects the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include all of the following parameters in the URL fragment:

   • access_token: The access token you just generated
   • token_type: The string bearer
   • state: The unmodified state value from the original request

   The following is an example of the resulting URL:

   https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING

Google's OAuth 2.0 redirect handler receives the access token and confirms that the state value hasn't changed. After Google has obtained an access token for your service, Google attaches the token to subsequent calls to your service APIs.

Menangani permintaan info pengguna

Endpoint userinfo adalah resource yang dilindungi OAuth 2.0 yang menampilkan klaim tentang pengguna yang ditautkan. Menerapkan dan menghosting endpoint userinfo bersifat opsional, kecuali untuk kasus penggunaan berikut:

• Login dengan Akun Tertaut dengan Google One Ketuk.
• Langganan tanpa hambatan di Android TV.

Setelah token akses berhasil diambil dari endpoint token Anda, Google akan mengirimkan permintaan ke endpoint userinfo Anda untuk mengambil informasi profil dasar tentang pengguna yang ditautkan.

header permintaan endpoint userinfo
Authorization header	Token akses jenis Bearer.

Misalnya, jika endpoint userinfo Anda tersedia di https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, permintaan mungkin akan terlihat seperti berikut:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

Agar endpoint userinfo Anda dapat menangani permintaan, lakukan langkah-langkah berikut:

1. Ekstrak token akses dari header Otorisasi dan tampilkan informasi untuk pengguna yang terkait dengan token akses.
2. Jika token akses tidak valid, tampilkan error HTTP 401 Tidak Sah dengan menggunakan Header Respons WWW-Authenticate. Berikut adalah contoh respons error userinfo:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   Jika pesan error 401 Tidak Sah, atau respons error lainnya yang tidak berhasil ditampilkan selama proses penautan, error tersebut tidak akan dapat dipulihkan, token yang diambil akan dihapus dan pengguna harus memulai proses penautan lagi.

3. Jika token akses valid, tampilkan dan respons HTTP 200 dengan objek JSON berikut dalam isi HTTPS respons:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }

   Jika endpoint userinfo Anda menampilkan respons sukses HTTP 200, token dan klaim yang diambil akan didaftarkan terhadap Akun Google pengguna.

   respons endpoint userinfo
   sub	ID unik yang mengidentifikasi pengguna di sistem Anda.
   email	Alamat email pengguna.
   given_name	Opsional: Nama depan pengguna.
   family_name	Opsional: Nama belakang pengguna.
   name	Opsional: Nama lengkap pengguna.
   picture	Opsional: Foto profil pengguna.

Memvalidasi implementasi

Anda dapat memvalidasi penerapan dengan menggunakan alat OAuth 2.0 Playground.

Di alat, lakukan langkah-langkah berikut:

1. Klik Konfigurasi untuk membuka jendela Konfigurasi OAuth 2.0.
2. Di kolom OAuth flow, pilih Client-side.
3. Di kolom OAuth Endpoints, pilih Custom.
4. Tentukan endpoint OAuth 2.0 dan client ID yang Anda tetapkan ke Google di kolom yang sesuai.
5. Di bagian Langkah 1, jangan pilih cakupan Google apa pun. Sebagai gantinya, biarkan kolom ini kosong atau ketik cakupan yang valid untuk server Anda (atau string arbitrer jika Anda tidak menggunakan cakupan OAuth). Setelah selesai, klik Izinkan API.
6. Di bagian Langkah 2 dan Langkah 3, ikuti alur OAuth 2.0 dan verifikasi bahwa setiap langkah berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya.

Anda dapat memvalidasi penerapan dengan menggunakan alat Demo Penautan Akun Google.

Di alat, lakukan langkah-langkah berikut:

1. Klik tombol Login dengan Google.
2. Pilih akun yang ingin Anda tautkan.
3. Masukkan ID layanan.
4. Secara opsional, masukkan satu atau beberapa cakupan yang akan Anda minta aksesnya.
5. Klik Mulai Demo.
6. Jika diminta, konfirmasi bahwa Anda dapat menyetujui dan menolak permintaan penautan.
7. Konfirmasi bahwa Anda dialihkan ke platform Anda.