Une fois les connexions établies entre les appareils, vous pouvez échanger des données en envoyant et en recevant des objets Payload. Un Payload peut représenter un simple tableau d'octets, tel qu'un court SMS, un fichier tel qu'une photo ou une vidéo, ou un flux, tel que le flux audio du micro de l'appareil.
Les charges utiles sont envoyées à l'aide de la méthode sendPayload() et reçues dans une implémentation de PayloadCallback qui est transmise à acceptConnection() comme décrit dans Gérer les connexions.
Types de charges utiles
Octets
Les charges utiles d'octets sont le type de charge utile le plus simple. Ils permettent d'envoyer des données simples, telles que des messages ou des métadonnées, jusqu'à une taille maximale de Connections.MAX_BYTES_DATA_SIZE. Voici un exemple d'envoi d'une charge utile BYTES:
Payload bytesPayload = Payload.fromBytes(new byte[] {0xa, 0xb, 0xc, 0xd});
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, bytesPayload);
Recevez une charge utile BYTES en implémentant la méthode onPayloadReceived() du PayloadCallback que vous avez transmis à acceptConnection().
static class ReceiveBytesPayloadListener extends PayloadCallback {
@Override
public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
// This always gets the full data of the payload. Is null if it's not a BYTES payload.
if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
byte[] receivedBytes = payload.asBytes();
}
}
@Override
public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
// Bytes payloads are sent as a single chunk, so you'll receive a SUCCESS update immediately
// after the call to onPayloadReceived().
}
}
Contrairement aux charges utiles FILE et STREAM, les charges utiles BYTES sont envoyées en un seul fragment. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire d'attendre la mise à jour de SUCCESS (bien qu'elle soit toujours effectuée, immédiatement après l'appel à onPayloadReceived()). Vous pouvez appeler en toute sécurité payload.asBytes() pour obtenir les données complètes de la charge utile dès que onPayloadReceived() est appelé.
Fichier
Les charges utiles de fichier sont créées à partir d'un fichier stocké sur l'appareil local, tel qu'une photo ou un fichier vidéo. Voici un exemple simple d'envoi d'une charge utile FILE:
File fileToSend = new File(context.getFilesDir(), "hello.txt");
try {
Payload filePayload = Payload.fromFile(fileToSend);
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, filePayload);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.e("MyApp", "File not found", e);
}
Il peut être plus efficace d'utiliser ParcelFileDescriptor pour créer la charge utile FILES si elle est disponible, par exemple à partir de ContentResolver. Cela minimise la copie des octets du fichier:
ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(uri, "r"); filePayload = Payload.fromFile(pfd);
Lorsqu'un fichier est reçu, il est enregistré dans le dossier "Téléchargements" (DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) de l'appareil du destinataire, avec un nom générique et sans extension. Une fois le transfert terminé, comme indiqué par un appel à onPayloadTransferUpdate() avec PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS, vous pouvez récupérer l'objet File comme suit si votre application cible < appareils Q:
File payloadFile = filePayload.asFile().asJavaFile(); // Rename the file. payloadFile.renameTo(new File(payloadFile.getParentFile(), filename));
Si votre appli cible des appareils Q, vous pouvez ajouter android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" à l'élément d'application de votre fichier manifeste pour continuer à utiliser le code précédent.
Sinon, pour Q+, vous devrez respecter les règles Scoped Storage et accéder au fichier reçu à l'aide de l'URI transmis depuis le service.
// Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
// allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
// uri using our ContentResolver.
Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
try {
// Copy the file to a new location.
InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
} catch (IOException e) {
// Log the error.
} finally {
// Delete the original file.
context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
}
Dans l'exemple plus complexe suivant, l'intent ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT invite l'utilisateur à choisir un fichier, et le fichier est envoyé efficacement en tant que charge utile à l'aide de ParcelFileDescriptor. Le nom du fichier est également envoyé en tant que charge utile BYTES.
private static final int READ_REQUEST_CODE = 42;
private static final String ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA = "com.foo.myapp.EndpointId";
/**
* Fires an intent to spin up the file chooser UI and select an image for sending to endpointId.
*/
private void showImageChooser(String endpointId) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
intent.setType("image/*");
intent.putExtra(ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA, endpointId);
startActivityForResult(intent, READ_REQUEST_CODE);
}
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent resultData) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, resultData);
if (requestCode == READ_REQUEST_CODE
&& resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK
&& resultData != null) {
String endpointId = resultData.getStringExtra(ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA);
// The URI of the file selected by the user.
Uri uri = resultData.getData();
Payload filePayload;
try {
// Open the ParcelFileDescriptor for this URI with read access.
ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
filePayload = Payload.fromFile(pfd);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.e("MyApp", "File not found", e);
return;
}
// Construct a simple message mapping the ID of the file payload to the desired filename.
String filenameMessage = filePayload.getId() + ":" + uri.getLastPathSegment();
// Send the filename message as a bytes payload.
Payload filenameBytesPayload =
Payload.fromBytes(filenameMessage.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(endpointId, filenameBytesPayload);
// Finally, send the file payload.
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(endpointId, filePayload);
}
}
Étant donné que le nom de fichier a été envoyé en tant que charge utile, notre destinataire peut déplacer ou renommer le fichier pour qu'il comporte l'extension appropriée:
static class ReceiveFilePayloadCallback extends PayloadCallback {
private final Context context;
private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Payload> incomingFilePayloads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Payload> completedFilePayloads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, String> filePayloadFilenames = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
public ReceiveFilePayloadCallback(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
String payloadFilenameMessage = new String(payload.asBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
long payloadId = addPayloadFilename(payloadFilenameMessage);
processFilePayload(payloadId);
} else if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.FILE) {
// Add this to our tracking map, so that we can retrieve the payload later.
incomingFilePayloads.put(payload.getId(), payload);
}
}
/**
* Extracts the payloadId and filename from the message and stores it in the
* filePayloadFilenames map. The format is payloadId:filename.
*/
private long addPayloadFilename(String payloadFilenameMessage) {
String[] parts = payloadFilenameMessage.split(":");
long payloadId = Long.parseLong(parts[0]);
String filename = parts[1];
filePayloadFilenames.put(payloadId, filename);
return payloadId;
}
private void processFilePayload(long payloadId) {
// BYTES and FILE could be received in any order, so we call when either the BYTES or the FILE
// payload is completely received. The file payload is considered complete only when both have
// been received.
Payload filePayload = completedFilePayloads.get(payloadId);
String filename = filePayloadFilenames.get(payloadId);
if (filePayload != null && filename != null) {
completedFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
filePayloadFilenames.remove(payloadId);
// Get the received file (which will be in the Downloads folder)
// Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
// allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
// uri using our ContentResolver.
Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
try {
// Copy the file to a new location.
InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
} catch (IOException e) {
// Log the error.
} finally {
// Delete the original file.
context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
}
}
}
// add removed tag back to fix b/183037922
private void processFilePayload2(long payloadId) {
// BYTES and FILE could be received in any order, so we call when either the BYTES or the FILE
// payload is completely received. The file payload is considered complete only when both have
// been received.
Payload filePayload = completedFilePayloads.get(payloadId);
String filename = filePayloadFilenames.get(payloadId);
if (filePayload != null && filename != null) {
completedFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
filePayloadFilenames.remove(payloadId);
// Get the received file (which will be in the Downloads folder)
if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.Q) {
// Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
// allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
// uri using our ContentResolver.
Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
try {
// Copy the file to a new location.
InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
} catch (IOException e) {
// Log the error.
} finally {
// Delete the original file.
context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
}
} else {
File payloadFile = filePayload.asFile().asJavaFile();
// Rename the file.
payloadFile.renameTo(new File(payloadFile.getParentFile(), filename));
}
}
}
@Override
public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
if (update.getStatus() == PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS) {
long payloadId = update.getPayloadId();
Payload payload = incomingFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
completedFilePayloads.put(payloadId, payload);
if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.FILE) {
processFilePayload(payloadId);
}
}
}
/** Copies a stream from one location to another. */
private static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
try {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int read;
while ((read = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
out.write(buffer, 0, read);
}
out.flush();
} finally {
in.close();
out.close();
}
}
}
Flux
Les charges utiles de flux sont adaptées lorsque vous souhaitez envoyer de grandes quantités de données générées à la volée, par exemple un flux audio. Créez une charge utile STREAM en appelant Payload.fromStream(), en transmettant une valeur InputStream ou ParcelFileDescriptor. Exemple :
URL url = new URL("https://developers.google.com/nearby/connections/android/exchange-data");
Payload streamPayload = Payload.fromStream(url.openStream());
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, streamPayload);
Sur le destinataire, appelez payload.asStream().asInputStream() ou payload.asStream().asParcelFileDescriptor() dans un rappel onPayloadTransferUpdate:
static class ReceiveStreamPayloadCallback extends PayloadCallback {
private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Thread> backgroundThreads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
private static final long READ_STREAM_IN_BG_TIMEOUT = 5000;
@Override
public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
if (backgroundThreads.containsKey(update.getPayloadId())
&& update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
backgroundThreads.get(update.getPayloadId()).interrupt();
}
}
@Override
public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.STREAM) {
// Read the available bytes in a while loop to free the stream pipe in time. Otherwise, the
// bytes will block the pipe and slow down the throughput.
Thread backgroundThread =
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
InputStream inputStream = payload.asStream().asInputStream();
long lastRead = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
if ((SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - lastRead) >= READ_STREAM_IN_BG_TIMEOUT) {
Log.e("MyApp", "Read data from stream but timed out.");
break;
}
try {
int availableBytes = inputStream.available();
if (availableBytes > 0) {
byte[] bytes = new byte[availableBytes];
if (inputStream.read(bytes) == availableBytes) {
lastRead = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
// Do something with is here...
}
} else {
// Sleep or just continue.
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e("MyApp", "Failed to read bytes from InputStream.", e);
break;
} // try-catch
} // while
}
};
backgroundThread.start();
backgroundThreads.put(payload.getId(), backgroundThread);
}
}
}
Commander avec plusieurs charges utiles
Il est garanti que les charges utiles du même type arrivent dans l'ordre dans lequel elles ont été envoyées, mais il n'y a aucune garantie de conserver le tri parmi les charges utiles de types différents. Par exemple, si un expéditeur envoie une charge utile FILE suivie d'une charge utile BYTE, le destinataire peut d'abord obtenir la charge utile BYTE, suivie de la charge utile FILE.
Mises à jour de la progression
La méthode onPayloadTransferUpdate() fournit des informations sur la progression des charges utiles entrantes et sortantes. Dans les deux cas, cela permet d'afficher la progression du transfert auprès de l'utilisateur, par exemple avec une barre de progression. Pour les charges utiles entrantes, les mises à jour indiquent également le moment où de nouvelles données sont reçues.
L'exemple de code suivant montre une façon d'afficher la progression des charges utiles entrantes et sortantes via des notifications:
class ReceiveWithProgressCallback extends PayloadCallback {
private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, NotificationCompat.Builder> incomingPayloads =
new SimpleArrayMap<>();
private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, NotificationCompat.Builder> outgoingPayloads =
new SimpleArrayMap<>();
NotificationManager notificationManager =
(NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
private void sendPayload(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
// No need to track progress for bytes.
return;
}
// Build and start showing the notification.
NotificationCompat.Builder notification = buildNotification(payload, /*isIncoming=*/ false);
notificationManager.notify((int) payload.getId(), notification.build());
// Add it to the tracking list so we can update it.
outgoingPayloads.put(payload.getId(), notification);
}
private NotificationCompat.Builder buildNotification(Payload payload, boolean isIncoming) {
NotificationCompat.Builder notification =
new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
.setContentTitle(isIncoming ? "Receiving..." : "Sending...");
boolean indeterminate = false;
if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.STREAM) {
// We can only show indeterminate progress for stream payloads.
indeterminate = true;
}
notification.setProgress(100, 0, indeterminate);
return notification;
}
@Override
public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
// No need to track progress for bytes.
return;
}
// Build and start showing the notification.
NotificationCompat.Builder notification = buildNotification(payload, true /*isIncoming*/);
notificationManager.notify((int) payload.getId(), notification.build());
// Add it to the tracking list so we can update it.
incomingPayloads.put(payload.getId(), notification);
}
@Override
public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
long payloadId = update.getPayloadId();
NotificationCompat.Builder notification = null;
if (incomingPayloads.containsKey(payloadId)) {
notification = incomingPayloads.get(payloadId);
if (update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
// This is the last update, so we no longer need to keep track of this notification.
incomingPayloads.remove(payloadId);
}
} else if (outgoingPayloads.containsKey(payloadId)) {
notification = outgoingPayloads.get(payloadId);
if (update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
// This is the last update, so we no longer need to keep track of this notification.
outgoingPayloads.remove(payloadId);
}
}
if (notification == null) {
return;
}
switch (update.getStatus()) {
case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS:
long size = update.getTotalBytes();
if (size == -1) {
// This is a stream payload, so we don't need to update anything at this point.
return;
}
int percentTransferred =
(int) (100.0 * (update.getBytesTransferred() / (double) update.getTotalBytes()));
notification.setProgress(100, percentTransferred, /* indeterminate= */ false);
break;
case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS:
// SUCCESS always means that we transferred 100%.
notification
.setProgress(100, 100, /* indeterminate= */ false)
.setContentText("Transfer complete!");
break;
case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.FAILURE:
case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.CANCELED:
notification.setProgress(0, 0, false).setContentText("Transfer failed");
break;
default:
// Unknown status.
}
notificationManager.notify((int) payloadId, notification.build());
}
}