Java 快速入门

快速入门介绍了如何设置和运行调用 Google Workspace API 的应用。

Google Workspace 快速入门使用 API 客户端库来处理身份验证和授权流程的一些细节。我们建议您为自己的应用使用客户端库。本快速入门使用适合测试环境的简化身份验证方法。对于生产环境,我们建议您先了解身份验证和授权,然后再选择适合您的应用的访问凭据

创建一个 Java 命令行应用,用于向 Google Drive Activity API 发出请求。

目标

  • 设置环境。
  • 设置示例。
  • 运行示例。

前提条件

  • Google 账号。

设置环境

如需完成本快速入门,请设置您的环境。

启用 API

在使用 Google API 之前,您需要先在 Google Cloud 项目中启用它们。您可以在单个 Google Cloud 项目中启用一个或多个 API。
  • 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,启用 Google Drive Activity API。

    启用 API

如果您使用新的 Google Cloud 项目完成本快速入门,请配置 OAuth 同意屏幕,并将自己添加为测试用户。如果您已为 Cloud 项目完成此步骤,请跳至下一部分。

  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,依次点击“菜单”图标 > API 和服务 > OAuth 权限请求页面

    转到 OAuth 同意屏幕

  2. 用户类型字段中,选择内部,然后点击创建
  3. 填写应用注册表单,然后点击保存并继续
  4. 现在,您可以跳过添加镜重,然后点击保存并继续。 今后,如果您创建的应用要在 Google Workspace 组织之外使用,则必须将用户类型更改为外部,然后添加应用所需的授权范围。

  5. 查看应用注册摘要。如需进行更改,请点击修改。如果应用注册未出现任何问题,请点击返回信息中心

为桌面应用授权凭据

如需对最终用户进行身份验证并访问应用中的用户数据,您需要创建一个或多个 OAuth 2.0 客户端 ID。客户端 ID 用于向 Google 的 OAuth 服务器标识单个应用。如果您的应用在多个平台上运行,您必须为每个平台分别创建客户端 ID。
  1. 在 Google Cloud 控制台中,依次选择“菜单”图标 > API 和服务 > 凭据

    进入“凭据”页面

  2. 依次点击创建凭据 > OAuth 客户端 ID
  3. 依次点击应用类型 > 桌面应用
  4. 名称字段中,输入凭据的名称。此名称仅在 Google Cloud 控制台中显示。
  5. 点击创建。系统随即会显示“OAuth 客户端已创建”屏幕,其中会显示您的新客户端 ID 和客户端密钥。
  6. 点击确定。新创建的凭据会显示在 OAuth 2.0 客户端 ID 下。
  7. 将下载的 JSON 文件另存为 credentials.json,然后将该文件移至您的工作目录。

准备工作区

  1. 在工作目录中,创建一个新的项目结构:

    gradle init --type basic
    mkdir -p src/main/java src/main/resources 
    
  2. src/main/resources/ 目录中,复制您之前下载的 credentials.json 文件。

  3. 打开默认的 build.gradle 文件,并将其内容替换为以下代码:

    drive/activity-v2/quickstart/build.gradle
    apply plugin: 'java'
    apply plugin: 'application'
    
    mainClassName = 'DriveActivityQuickstart'
    sourceCompatibility = 11
    targetCompatibility = 11
    version = '1.0'
    
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    
    dependencies {
        implementation 'com.google.api-client:google-api-client:2.0.0'
        implementation 'com.google.oauth-client:google-oauth-client-jetty:1.34.1'
        implementation 'com.google.apis:google-api-services-driveactivity:v2-rev20220926-2.0.0'
    }

设置示例

  1. src/main/java/ 目录中,创建一个新的 Java 文件,其名称与 build.gradle 文件中的 mainClassName 值匹配。

  2. 在新 Java 文件中添加以下代码:

    drive/activity-v2/quickstart/src/main/java/DriveActivityQuickstart.java
    import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
    import com.google.api.client.extensions.java6.auth.oauth2.AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp;
    import com.google.api.client.extensions.jetty.auth.oauth2.LocalServerReceiver;
    import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow;
    import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleClientSecrets;
    import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
    import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
    import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
    import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
    import com.google.api.client.util.store.FileDataStoreFactory;
    import com.google.api.services.driveactivity.v2.DriveActivityScopes;
    import com.google.api.services.driveactivity.v2.model.*;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.util.AbstractMap;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    
    public class DriveActivityQuickstart {
      /**
       * Application name.
       */
      private static final String APPLICATION_NAME = "Drive Activity API Java Quickstart";
    
      /**
       * Directory to store authorization tokens for this application.
       */
      private static final java.io.File DATA_STORE_DIR = new java.io.File("tokens");
      /**
       * Global instance of the JSON factory.
       */
      private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
      /**
       * Global instance of the scopes required by this quickstart.
       *
       * <p>If modifying these scopes, delete your previously saved tokens/ folder.
       */
      private static final List<String> SCOPES =
          Arrays.asList(DriveActivityScopes.DRIVE_ACTIVITY_READONLY);
      private static final String CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH = "/credentials.json";
      /**
       * Global instance of the {@link FileDataStoreFactory}.
       */
      private static FileDataStoreFactory DATA_STORE_FACTORY;
      /**
       * Global instance of the HTTP transport.
       */
      private static HttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT;
    
      static {
        try {
          HTTP_TRANSPORT = GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport();
          DATA_STORE_FACTORY = new FileDataStoreFactory(DATA_STORE_DIR);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
          System.exit(1);
        }
      }
    
      /**
       * Creates an authorized Credential object.
       *
       * @return an authorized Credential object.
       * @throws IOException
       */
      public static Credential authorize() throws IOException {
        // Load client secrets.
        InputStream in = DriveActivityQuickstart.class.getResourceAsStream(CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH);
        if (in == null) {
          throw new FileNotFoundException("Resource not found: " + CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH);
        }
        GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets =
            GoogleClientSecrets.load(JSON_FACTORY, new InputStreamReader(in));
    
        // Build flow and trigger user authorization request.
        GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow =
            new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(
                HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, clientSecrets, SCOPES)
                .setDataStoreFactory(DATA_STORE_FACTORY)
                .setAccessType("offline")
                .build();
        Credential credential =
            new AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp(flow, new LocalServerReceiver())
                .authorize("user");
        System.out.println("Credentials saved to " + DATA_STORE_DIR.getAbsolutePath());
        return credential;
      }
    
      /**
       * Build and return an authorized Drive Activity client service.
       *
       * @return an authorized DriveActivity client service
       * @throws IOException
       */
      public static com.google.api.services.driveactivity.v2.DriveActivity getDriveActivityService()
          throws IOException {
        Credential credential = authorize();
        com.google.api.services.driveactivity.v2.DriveActivity service =
            new com.google.api.services.driveactivity.v2.DriveActivity.Builder(
                HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, credential)
                .setApplicationName(APPLICATION_NAME)
                .build();
        return service;
      }
    
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // Build a new authorized API client service.
        com.google.api.services.driveactivity.v2.DriveActivity service = getDriveActivityService();
    
        // Print the recent activity in your Google Drive.
        QueryDriveActivityResponse result =
            service.activity().query(new QueryDriveActivityRequest().setPageSize(10)).execute();
        List<DriveActivity> activities = result.getActivities();
        if (activities == null || activities.size() == 0) {
          System.out.println("No activity.");
        } else {
          System.out.println("Recent activity:");
          for (DriveActivity activity : activities) {
            String time = getTimeInfo(activity);
            String action = getActionInfo(activity.getPrimaryActionDetail());
            List<String> actors =
                activity.getActors().stream()
                    .map(DriveActivityQuickstart::getActorInfo)
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
            List<String> targets =
                activity.getTargets().stream()
                    .map(DriveActivityQuickstart::getTargetInfo)
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
            System.out.printf(
                "%s: %s, %s, %s\n", time, truncated(actors), action, truncated(targets));
          }
        }
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns a string representation of the first elements in a list.
       */
      private static String truncated(List<String> array) {
        return truncatedTo(array, 2);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns a string representation of the first elements in a list.
       */
      private static String truncatedTo(List<String> array, int limit) {
        String contents = array.stream().limit(limit).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
        String more = array.size() > limit ? ", ..." : "";
        return "[" + contents + more + "]";
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the name of a set property in an object, or else "unknown".
       */
      private static <T> String getOneOf(AbstractMap<String, T> obj) {
        Iterator<String> iterator = obj.keySet().iterator();
        return iterator.hasNext() ? iterator.next() : "unknown";
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns a time associated with an activity.
       */
      private static String getTimeInfo(DriveActivity activity) {
        if (activity.getTimestamp() != null) {
          return activity.getTimestamp();
        }
        if (activity.getTimeRange() != null) {
          return activity.getTimeRange().getEndTime();
        }
        return "unknown";
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the type of action.
       */
      private static String getActionInfo(ActionDetail actionDetail) {
        return getOneOf(actionDetail);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns user information, or the type of user if not a known user.
       */
      private static String getUserInfo(User user) {
        if (user.getKnownUser() != null) {
          KnownUser knownUser = user.getKnownUser();
          Boolean isMe = knownUser.getIsCurrentUser();
          return (isMe != null && isMe) ? "people/me" : knownUser.getPersonName();
        }
        return getOneOf(user);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns actor information, or the type of actor if not a user.
       */
      private static String getActorInfo(Actor actor) {
        if (actor.getUser() != null) {
          return getUserInfo(actor.getUser());
        }
        return getOneOf(actor);
      }
    
      /**
       * Returns the type of a target and an associated title.
       */
      private static String getTargetInfo(Target target) {
        if (target.getDriveItem() != null) {
          return "driveItem:\"" + target.getDriveItem().getTitle() + "\"";
        }
        if (target.getDrive() != null) {
          return "drive:\"" + target.getDrive().getTitle() + "\"";
        }
        if (target.getFileComment() != null) {
          DriveItem parent = target.getFileComment().getParent();
          if (parent != null) {
            return "fileComment:\"" + parent.getTitle() + "\"";
          }
          return "fileComment:unknown";
        }
        return getOneOf(target);
      }
    }

运行示例

  1. 运行示例:

    gradle run
    
  1. 首次运行该示例时,系统会提示您授予访问权限:
    1. 如果您尚未登录 Google 账号,请在系统提示时登录。如果您登录了多个账号,请选择一个账号用于授权。
    2. 点击接受

    您的 Java 应用运行并调用 Google Drive Activity API。

    授权信息会存储在文件系统中,因此当您下次运行示例代码时,系统不会提示您进行授权。

后续步骤