OptimizeToursRequest
消息(REST、gRPC)包含与费用相关的多个属性。这些费用参数共同代表请求的费用模型。费用模型捕获了请求的许多概要信息,
优化目标,例如:
- 优先选择较快的
Vehicle
路线,而不是较短的路线,反之亦然 周围 - 确定提交
Shipment
的费用是否值得Shipment
完成 - 只有在特定时间范围内执行自提和配送操作 性价比高
查看包含费用的请求示例
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 5.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
Vehicle
个费用属性
Vehicle.cost_per_hour
:表示车辆每小时的运营费用 包括交通、等待、造访和休息时间。Vehicle.cost_per_kilometer
:表示每公里行程的费用 。Vehicle.cost_per_traveled_hour
:表示驾驶车辆的费用 仅在运输途中(不包括等待、访问和休息时间)显示。
这些成本参数让优化器可以得出时间与旅行距离的异同
权衡。优化路由所产生的费用显示在响应中
以 metrics.costs
的身份发送消息:
随着 costPerHour
的增加,优化器会尝试查找更快的路由
该路由可能不是最短路由。在本示例中,最快的路线恰好也是最短的路线,因此更改费用参数的影响不大。
Shipment
费用属性
Shipment
消息(REST、gRPC)也有几项开销
参数:
Shipment.penalty_cost
表示因跳过 送货。Shipment.VisitRequest.cost
表示特定自提的费用,或 主要用于在多次自提或配送之间权衡 送货选项。
Shipment
费用参数与 Vehicle
费用参数使用相同的无量纲单位。完成 Shipment
所产生的费用超过其处罚费用,
Shipment
未包含在任何 Vehicle
的路线中,而是显示在
skipped_shipments
列表。
ShipmentModel
个费用属性
ShipmentModel
消息(REST、gRPC)包含单一费用
属性:globalDurationCostPerHour
。此费用按
所有车辆完成ShipmentRoute
所需的时间。上升
globalDurationCostPerHour
会优先考虑提前完成所有配送。
路由优化响应费用属性
OptimizeToursResponse
消息(REST、gRPC)具有费用属性
表示在完成 ShipmentRoute
的过程中产生的费用。
metrics.costs
和 metrics.totalCost
属性分别表示
响应中所有路由所产生的费用单位。每个 routes
条目具有
表示相关费用的 routeCosts
和 routeTotalCosts
属性
特定路线。
查看包含费用的示例请求的响应
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:55Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:21:21Z", "detour": "572s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:05:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "496s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1893, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "496s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:25:31Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111 }, "routeTotalCost": 52.441111111111113 } ], "skippedShipments": [ { "index": 1 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "totalCost": 57.441111111111113, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111, "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5 } } }
在示例响应中,顶级 metrics.costs
如下:
{
"metrics": {
...
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53,
"model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5
}
}
}
model.shipments.penalty_cost
值表示由于以下原因产生的费用:
跳过的运单skippedShipments
属性会列出哪些运单
已跳过。
在此示例中,系统仅会跳过示例请求中的 model.shipments[1]
。model.shipments[1]
的惩罚性费用为 5 个单位,这与总和
model.shipments.penalty_cost
键。商品出货量较低
penaltyCost
,而 Vehicle
的 40.0 costPerHour
和 10.0
costPerKilometer
,比起直接送货,省去送货的成本效益更高
。
高级主题:费用和软限制条件
多个 OptimizeToursRequest
消息(REST、gRPC)属性
代表软约束,也就是
都无法得到满足
例如,车辆 LoadLimit
(REST、gRPC)约束条件
softMaxLoad
和 costPerUnitAboveSoftMax
属性。同时,它们会产生
与超过 softMaxLoad
的加载单元成比例,从而允许
只有在从成本角度看有意义的做法时,才应超过限制。
同样,TimeWindow
约束条件(REST、gRPC)具有 soft_start_time
和 soft_end_time
属性,相应的 cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time
和 cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time
会根据受约束事件相对于 TimeWindow
的发生时间而产生。
与所有成本模型参数一样,软约束成本以 使用与其他费用参数相同的无维度单位。
如需详细了解 LoadLimit
约束条件,请参阅
负载需求和限制。详细介绍了 TimeWindow
约束条件
提货和送货时间范围限制部分。