OptimizeToursRequest
訊息 (REST、gRPC) 包含多個與費用相關的屬性。這些費用參數加總起來,代表要求的費用模式。成本模型會擷取要求的許多高層級最佳化目標,例如:
- 優先選擇較快的
Vehicle
路線,而非較短的路線,或反之 - 決定是否應將
Shipment
提交的成本視為Shipment
完成作業的價值 - 僅在成本效益高時,才在時間範圍內執行取件和送件
查看費用示例要求
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 5.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 40.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
Vehicle
費用屬性
Vehicle
訊息 (REST、gRPC) 有幾個費用屬性:
Vehicle.cost_per_hour
:代表每小時的車輛營運成本,包括運輸、等待、拜訪和休息時間。Vehicle.cost_per_kilometer
:代表車輛行駛每公里的費用。Vehicle.cost_per_traveled_hour
:僅代表車輛在行駛期間的營運成本,不含等待、拜訪和休息時間。
這些成本參數可讓最佳化工具權衡時間與行駛距離。最佳化路徑產生的費用會以 metrics.costs
的形式顯示在回應訊息中:
隨著 costPerHour
增加,最佳化工具會嘗試找出較快的路線,但不一定是最短的路線。在本範例中,最快的路徑剛好是最短路徑,因此變更成本參數幾乎沒有效果。
Shipment
費用屬性
Shipment
訊息 (REST、gRPC) 也包含多個費用參數:
Shipment.penalty_cost
代表略過運送作業所產生的費用。Shipment.VisitRequest.cost
代表特定取貨或送貨的費用,主要用於在單一貨件中,為多個取貨或送貨選項提供成本權衡。
Shipment
成本參數使用與 Vehicle
成本參數相同的無維度單位。如果完成 Shipment
所產生的費用超過罰款費用,Shipment
就不會納入任何 Vehicle
的路線,而是會顯示在回應訊息的 skipped_shipments
清單中。
ShipmentModel
費用屬性
ShipmentModel
訊息 (REST、gRPC) 包含單一費用屬性 globalDurationCostPerHour
。這筆費用的計算方式是根據所有車輛完成 ShipmentRoute
所需的總時間。提高 globalDurationCostPerHour
的優先順序,可讓所有出貨作業提早完成。
路線最佳化回應費用屬性
OptimizeToursResponse
訊息 (REST、gRPC) 具有費用屬性,代表完成 ShipmentRoute
時產生的費用。metrics.costs
和 metrics.totalCost
屬性代表回應中所有路徑產生的費用單位數量。每個 routes
項目都包含 routeCosts
和 routeTotalCosts
屬性,代表該特定路線的費用。
查看包含費用的示例申請回覆
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:55Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:21:21Z", "detour": "572s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:05:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "496s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1893, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "496s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:25:31Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111 }, "routeTotalCost": 52.441111111111113 } ], "skippedShipments": [ { "index": 1 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "totalCost": 57.441111111111113, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111, "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5 } } }
在範例回應中,頂層 metrics.costs
如下:
{
"metrics": {
...
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53,
"model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5
}
}
}
model.shipments.penalty_cost
值代表因跳過出貨而產生的成本。skippedShipments
屬性會列出略過哪些出貨。
在本例中,系統只會略過範例要求中的 model.shipments[1]
。model.shipments[1]
的罰款費用為 5 個單位,與範例回應中的總 model.shipments.penalty_cost
鍵相符。相較於 Vehicle
的 40.0 costPerHour
和 10.0 costPerKilometer
,出貨的 penaltyCost
較低,因此跳過出貨比完成出貨更具成本效益。
進階主題:成本和軟性限制
幾個 OptimizeToursRequest
訊息 (REST、gRPC) 屬性代表軟性限制條件,也就是無法滿足的限制條件所產生的成本。
舉例來說,車輛 LoadLimit
(REST、gRPC) 限制有 softMaxLoad
和 costPerUnitAboveSoftMax
屬性。這些費用會隨著超過 softMaxLoad
的負載單位而成比例增加,因此只有在從成本角度來看有意義時,才會超過限制。
同樣地,TimeWindow
限制 (REST、gRPC) 也有 soft_start_time
和 soft_end_time
屬性,以及相應的 cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time
和 cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time
,這些屬性和值會根據限制事件相對於 TimeWindow
的發生時間早晚而產生。
與所有成本模型參數一樣,軟限制成本會以與其他成本參數相同的無量綱單位表示。
如要進一步瞭解 LoadLimit
限制,請參閱「負載需求和限制」一文。TimeWindow
限制的詳細說明請參閱「接送和送達時間限制」。