交換資料

裝置之間建立連線後，即可交換資料 傳送及接收 Payload 物件。A 罩杯 Payload 可以代表簡單的位元組陣列，例如簡短簡訊；檔案 (例如 相片或影片或串流，例如裝置的音訊串流 麥克風。

酬載是透過 sendPayload() 方法傳送，並會接收傳遞至 acceptConnection() 的 PayloadCallback 實作，如管理連線中所述。

注意： 當系統載入酬載的第一個位元組時，系統會呼叫 PayloadCallback.onPayloadReceived() 。而「不」表示已收到完整的酬載。 轉移完成，表示 PayloadCallback.onPayloadTransferUpdate() 狀態是 PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS (或 PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.ERROR)。例外狀況如下： 針對 BYTES 類型的酬載；詳情請參閱「Bytes」一節。

酬載類型

位元組

位元組酬載是最簡單的酬載類型。適合傳送 簡單的資料 (例如訊息或中繼資料)，大小上限為 Connections.MAX_BYTES_DATA_SIZE。以下是傳送 BYTES 酬載的範例：

Payload bytesPayload = Payload.fromBytes(new byte[] {0xa, 0xb, 0xc, 0xd});
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, bytesPayload);

實作您傳遞至 acceptConnection() 的 PayloadCallback 的 onPayloadReceived() 方法，藉此接收 BYTES 酬載。

static class ReceiveBytesPayloadListener extends PayloadCallback {

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    // This always gets the full data of the payload. Is null if it's not a BYTES payload.
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      byte[] receivedBytes = payload.asBytes();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    // Bytes payloads are sent as a single chunk, so you'll receive a SUCCESS update immediately
    // after the call to onPayloadReceived().
  }
}

與 FILE 和 STREAM 酬載不同，BYTES 酬載將做為單一形式傳送 因此無須等待 SUCCESS 更新 (不過 仍會在呼叫 onPayloadReceived() 後立即傳送)。 您可以改為安全地呼叫 payload.asBytes() 來取得 有效酬載onPayloadReceived()。

檔案

檔案酬載會建立使用本機裝置儲存的檔案，例如 相片或影片檔案以下是傳送 FILE 酬載的簡單範例：

File fileToSend = new File(context.getFilesDir(), "hello.txt");
try {
  Payload filePayload = Payload.fromFile(fileToSend);
  Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, filePayload);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
  Log.e("MyApp", "File not found", e);
}

使用 ParcelFileDescriptor 建立 FILES 酬載 (如 ContentResolver) 可能會更有效率。這樣可以盡量減少複製檔案的位元組：

ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
filePayload = Payload.fromFile(pfd);

收到的檔案會儲存在收件者的「下載」資料夾 (DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) 顯示一般名稱但沒有副檔名的裝置。轉移完成後 表示呼叫 onPayloadTransferUpdate()，且 PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS，您可以擷取 File 物件，因此如果應用程式指定的是Q 裝置：

File payloadFile = filePayload.asFile().asJavaFile();

// Rename the file.
payloadFile.renameTo(new File(payloadFile.getParentFile(), filename));

如果您的應用程式指定 Q 裝置，請加入 android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"繼續使用先前的程式碼。 否則，針對 Q+，您必須遵守 Scoped Storage 規則，並使用從服務傳遞的 URI 存取接收的檔案。

// Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
// allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
// uri using our ContentResolver.
Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
try {
  // Copy the file to a new location.
  InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
  copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
} catch (IOException e) {
  // Log the error.
} finally {
  // Delete the original file.
  context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
}

在下列較複雜的範例中，ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT 意圖會提示使用者選擇檔案，然後利用 ParcelFileDescriptor 以酬載有效傳送檔案。檔案名稱也會做為 BYTES 酬載傳送。

private static final int READ_REQUEST_CODE = 42;
private static final String ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA = "com.foo.myapp.EndpointId";

/**
 * Fires an intent to spin up the file chooser UI and select an image for sending to endpointId.
 */
private void showImageChooser(String endpointId) {
  Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT);
  intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
  intent.setType("image/*");
  intent.putExtra(ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA, endpointId);
  startActivityForResult(intent, READ_REQUEST_CODE);
}

@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent resultData) {
  super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, resultData);
  if (requestCode == READ_REQUEST_CODE
      && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK
      && resultData != null) {
    String endpointId = resultData.getStringExtra(ENDPOINT_ID_EXTRA);

    // The URI of the file selected by the user.
    Uri uri = resultData.getData();

    Payload filePayload;
    try {
      // Open the ParcelFileDescriptor for this URI with read access.
      ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
      filePayload = Payload.fromFile(pfd);
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      Log.e("MyApp", "File not found", e);
      return;
    }

    // Construct a simple message mapping the ID of the file payload to the desired filename.
    String filenameMessage = filePayload.getId() + ":" + uri.getLastPathSegment();

    // Send the filename message as a bytes payload.
    Payload filenameBytesPayload =
        Payload.fromBytes(filenameMessage.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(endpointId, filenameBytesPayload);

    // Finally, send the file payload.
    Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(endpointId, filePayload);
  }
}

由於檔案名稱是以酬載傳送，我們的接收器可移動或重新命名檔案，使其具有適當的副檔名：

static class ReceiveFilePayloadCallback extends PayloadCallback {
  private final Context context;
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Payload> incomingFilePayloads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Payload> completedFilePayloads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, String> filePayloadFilenames = new SimpleArrayMap<>();

  public ReceiveFilePayloadCallback(Context context) {
    this.context = context;
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      String payloadFilenameMessage = new String(payload.asBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      long payloadId = addPayloadFilename(payloadFilenameMessage);
      processFilePayload(payloadId);
    } else if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.FILE) {
      // Add this to our tracking map, so that we can retrieve the payload later.
      incomingFilePayloads.put(payload.getId(), payload);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Extracts the payloadId and filename from the message and stores it in the
   * filePayloadFilenames map. The format is payloadId:filename.
   */
  private long addPayloadFilename(String payloadFilenameMessage) {
    String[] parts = payloadFilenameMessage.split(":");
    long payloadId = Long.parseLong(parts[0]);
    String filename = parts[1];
    filePayloadFilenames.put(payloadId, filename);
    return payloadId;
  }

  private void processFilePayload(long payloadId) {
    // BYTES and FILE could be received in any order, so we call when either the BYTES or the FILE
    // payload is completely received. The file payload is considered complete only when both have
    // been received.
    Payload filePayload = completedFilePayloads.get(payloadId);
    String filename = filePayloadFilenames.get(payloadId);
    if (filePayload != null && filename != null) {
      completedFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
      filePayloadFilenames.remove(payloadId);

      // Get the received file (which will be in the Downloads folder)
      // Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
      // allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
      // uri using our ContentResolver.
      Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
      try {
        // Copy the file to a new location.
        InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
        copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // Log the error.
      } finally {
        // Delete the original file.
        context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
      }
    }
  }

  // add removed tag back to fix b/183037922
  private void processFilePayload2(long payloadId) {
    // BYTES and FILE could be received in any order, so we call when either the BYTES or the FILE
    // payload is completely received. The file payload is considered complete only when both have
    // been received.
    Payload filePayload = completedFilePayloads.get(payloadId);
    String filename = filePayloadFilenames.get(payloadId);
    if (filePayload != null && filename != null) {
      completedFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
      filePayloadFilenames.remove(payloadId);

      // Get the received file (which will be in the Downloads folder)
      if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.Q) {
        // Because of https://developer.android.com/preview/privacy/scoped-storage, we are not
        // allowed to access filepaths from another process directly. Instead, we must open the
        // uri using our ContentResolver.
        Uri uri = filePayload.asFile().asUri();
        try {
          // Copy the file to a new location.
          InputStream in = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
          copyStream(in, new FileOutputStream(new File(context.getCacheDir(), filename)));
        } catch (IOException e) {
          // Log the error.
        } finally {
          // Delete the original file.
          context.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
        }
      } else {
        File payloadFile = filePayload.asFile().asJavaFile();

        // Rename the file.
        payloadFile.renameTo(new File(payloadFile.getParentFile(), filename));
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    if (update.getStatus() == PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS) {
      long payloadId = update.getPayloadId();
      Payload payload = incomingFilePayloads.remove(payloadId);
      completedFilePayloads.put(payloadId, payload);
      if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.FILE) {
        processFilePayload(payloadId);
      }
    }
  }

  /** Copies a stream from one location to another. */
  private static void copyStream(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws IOException {
    try {
      byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
      int read;
      while ((read = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        out.write(buffer, 0, read);
      }
      out.flush();
    } finally {
      in.close();
      out.close();
    }
  }
}

串流

當您想要傳送 像是音訊串流透過以下方式建立 STREAM 酬載： 呼叫 Payload.fromStream()，傳入 InputStream 或 ParcelFileDescriptor。例如：

URL url = new URL("https://developers.google.com/nearby/connections/android/exchange-data");
Payload streamPayload = Payload.fromStream(url.openStream());
Nearby.getConnectionsClient(context).sendPayload(toEndpointId, streamPayload);

在接收端上，於成功的 onPayloadTransferUpdate 回呼中呼叫 payload.asStream().asInputStream() 或 payload.asStream().asParcelFileDescriptor()：

static class ReceiveStreamPayloadCallback extends PayloadCallback {
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, Thread> backgroundThreads = new SimpleArrayMap<>();

  private static final long READ_STREAM_IN_BG_TIMEOUT = 5000;

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    if (backgroundThreads.containsKey(update.getPayloadId())
        && update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
      backgroundThreads.get(update.getPayloadId()).interrupt();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.STREAM) {
      // Read the available bytes in a while loop to free the stream pipe in time. Otherwise, the
      // bytes will block the pipe and slow down the throughput.
      Thread backgroundThread =
          new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
              InputStream inputStream = payload.asStream().asInputStream();
              long lastRead = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
              while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
                if ((SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - lastRead) >= READ_STREAM_IN_BG_TIMEOUT) {
                  Log.e("MyApp", "Read data from stream but timed out.");
                  break;
                }

                try {
                  int availableBytes = inputStream.available();
                  if (availableBytes > 0) {
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[availableBytes];
                    if (inputStream.read(bytes) == availableBytes) {
                      lastRead = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
                      // Do something with is here...
                    }
                  } else {
                    // Sleep or just continue.
                  }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                  Log.e("MyApp", "Failed to read bytes from InputStream.", e);
                  break;
                } // try-catch
              } // while
            }
          };
      backgroundThread.start();
      backgroundThreads.put(payload.getId(), backgroundThread);
    }
  }
}

使用多個酬載排序

相同類型的酬載保證會按照傳送順序送達 但我們無法保證能保留 不同類型的工作舉例來說，如果傳送方傳送 FILE 酬載，之後則傳送 BYTE 酬載，接收者可以先取得 BYTE 酬載，然後 FILE 酬載。

進度更新

onPayloadTransferUpdate() 方法會提供有關傳入和傳出酬載的進度更新。無論是何種情況，系統都有機會向使用者顯示轉移的進度，例如透過進度列顯示。對於傳入的酬載，更新也會指出已收到新資料的時間。

以下程式碼範例示範了顯示 透過通知接收的傳入和傳出酬載：

class ReceiveWithProgressCallback extends PayloadCallback {
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, NotificationCompat.Builder> incomingPayloads =
      new SimpleArrayMap<>();
  private final SimpleArrayMap<Long, NotificationCompat.Builder> outgoingPayloads =
      new SimpleArrayMap<>();

  NotificationManager notificationManager =
      (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

  private void sendPayload(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      // No need to track progress for bytes.
      return;
    }

    // Build and start showing the notification.
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification = buildNotification(payload, /*isIncoming=*/ false);
    notificationManager.notify((int) payload.getId(), notification.build());

    // Add it to the tracking list so we can update it.
    outgoingPayloads.put(payload.getId(), notification);
  }

  private NotificationCompat.Builder buildNotification(Payload payload, boolean isIncoming) {
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification =
        new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
            .setContentTitle(isIncoming ? "Receiving..." : "Sending...");
    boolean indeterminate = false;
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.STREAM) {
      // We can only show indeterminate progress for stream payloads.
      indeterminate = true;
    }
    notification.setProgress(100, 0, indeterminate);
    return notification;
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadReceived(String endpointId, Payload payload) {
    if (payload.getType() == Payload.Type.BYTES) {
      // No need to track progress for bytes.
      return;
    }

    // Build and start showing the notification.
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification = buildNotification(payload, true /*isIncoming*/);
    notificationManager.notify((int) payload.getId(), notification.build());

    // Add it to the tracking list so we can update it.
    incomingPayloads.put(payload.getId(), notification);
  }

  @Override
  public void onPayloadTransferUpdate(String endpointId, PayloadTransferUpdate update) {
    long payloadId = update.getPayloadId();
    NotificationCompat.Builder notification = null;
    if (incomingPayloads.containsKey(payloadId)) {
      notification = incomingPayloads.get(payloadId);
      if (update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
        // This is the last update, so we no longer need to keep track of this notification.
        incomingPayloads.remove(payloadId);
      }
    } else if (outgoingPayloads.containsKey(payloadId)) {
      notification = outgoingPayloads.get(payloadId);
      if (update.getStatus() != PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS) {
        // This is the last update, so we no longer need to keep track of this notification.
        outgoingPayloads.remove(payloadId);
      }
    }

    if (notification == null) {
      return;
    }

    switch (update.getStatus()) {
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.IN_PROGRESS:
        long size = update.getTotalBytes();
        if (size == -1) {
          // This is a stream payload, so we don't need to update anything at this point.
          return;
        }
        int percentTransferred =
            (int) (100.0 * (update.getBytesTransferred() / (double) update.getTotalBytes()));
        notification.setProgress(100, percentTransferred, /* indeterminate= */ false);
        break;
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.SUCCESS:
        // SUCCESS always means that we transferred 100%.
        notification
            .setProgress(100, 100, /* indeterminate= */ false)
            .setContentText("Transfer complete!");
        break;
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.FAILURE:
      case PayloadTransferUpdate.Status.CANCELED:
        notification.setProgress(0, 0, false).setContentText("Transfer failed");
        break;
      default:
        // Unknown status.
    }

    notificationManager.notify((int) payloadId, notification.build());
  }
}