Quiero firmar digitalmente los datos

Recomendamos la primitiva Firma digital con el tipo de clave ECDSA_P256 para la mayoría de los casos de uso.

La primitiva de firma digital garantiza que nadie haya manipulado tus datos y demuestra que provienen de ti. Es asimétrica, ya que usa la clave privada para firmar los datos y la clave pública para verificarlos.

Con los siguientes ejemplos, puedes comenzar a usar la primitiva de firma digital:

C++GoJavaObj-CPython

// A utility for signing and verifying files using digital signatures.
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>

#include "absl/flags/flag.h"
#include "absl/flags/parse.h"
#include "absl/log/check.h"
#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
#include "tink/config/global_registry.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include "tink/keyset_handle.h"
#include "tink/public_key_sign.h"
#include "tink/public_key_verify.h"
#include "tink/signature/signature_config.h"
#include "tink/util/status.h"

ABSL_FLAG(std::string, keyset_filename, "", "Keyset file in JSON format");
ABSL_FLAG(std::string, mode, "", "Mode of operation (sign|verify)");
ABSL_FLAG(std::string, input_filename, "", "Filename to operate on");
ABSL_FLAG(std::string, signature_filename, "", "Path to the signature file");

namespace {

using ::crypto::tink::KeysetHandle;
using ::crypto::tink::PublicKeySign;
using ::crypto::tink::PublicKeyVerify;
using ::crypto::tink::util::Status;
using ::crypto::tink::util::StatusOr;

constexpr absl::string_view kSign = "sign";
constexpr absl::string_view kVerify = "verify";

void ValidateParams() {
  // ...
}

}  // namespace

namespace tink_cc_examples {

// Digital signature example CLI implementation.
Status DigitalSignatureCli(absl::string_view mode,
                           const std::string& keyset_filename,
                           const std::string& input_filename,
                           const std::string& signature_filename) {
  Status result = crypto::tink::SignatureConfig::Register();
  if (!result.ok()) return result;

  // Read the keyset from file.
  StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<KeysetHandle>> keyset_handle =
      ReadJsonCleartextKeyset(keyset_filename);
  if (!keyset_handle.ok()) return keyset_handle.status();

  // Read the input.
  StatusOr<std::string> input_file_content = ReadFile(input_filename);
  if (!input_file_content.ok()) return input_file_content.status();

  if (mode == kSign) {
    StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<PublicKeySign>> public_key_sign =
        (*keyset_handle)
            ->GetPrimitive<crypto::tink::PublicKeySign>(
                crypto::tink::ConfigGlobalRegistry());
    if (!public_key_sign.ok()) return public_key_sign.status();

    StatusOr<std::string> signature =
        (*public_key_sign)->Sign(*input_file_content);
    if (!signature.ok()) return signature.status();

    return WriteToFile(*signature, signature_filename);
  } else {  // mode == kVerify
    StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<PublicKeyVerify>> public_key_verify =
        (*keyset_handle)
            ->GetPrimitive<crypto::tink::PublicKeyVerify>(
                crypto::tink::ConfigGlobalRegistry());
    if (!public_key_verify.ok()) return public_key_verify.status();

    // Read the signature.
    StatusOr<std::string> signature_file_content = ReadFile(signature_filename);
    if (!signature_file_content.ok()) return signature_file_content.status();

    return (*public_key_verify)
        ->Verify(*signature_file_content, *input_file_content);
  }
}

}  // namespace tink_cc_examples

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  absl::ParseCommandLine(argc, argv);

  ValidateParams();

  std::string mode = absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_mode);
  std::string keyset_filename = absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_keyset_filename);
  std::string input_filename = absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_input_filename);
  std::string signature_filename = absl::GetFlag(FLAGS_signature_filename);

  std::clog << "Using keyset in " << keyset_filename << " to " << mode;
  if (mode == kSign) {
    std::clog << " file " << input_filename
              << "; the resulting signature is written to "
              << signature_filename << '\n';
  } else {  // mode == kVerify
    std::clog << " the signature in " << signature_filename
              << " over the content of " << input_filename << '\n';
  }

  CHECK_OK(tink_cc_examples::DigitalSignatureCli(
      mode, keyset_filename, input_filename, signature_filename));
  return 0;
}
digital_signatures_cli.cc

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"github.com/tink-crypto/tink-go/v2/insecurecleartextkeyset"
	"github.com/tink-crypto/tink-go/v2/keyset"
	"github.com/tink-crypto/tink-go/v2/signature"
)

func Example() {
	// A private keyset created with
	// "tinkey create-keyset --key-template=ECDSA_P256 --out private_keyset.cfg".
	// Note that this keyset has the secret key information in cleartext.
	privateJSONKeyset := `{
		"key": [{
			"keyData": {
					"keyMaterialType":
							"ASYMMETRIC_PRIVATE",
					"typeUrl":
							"type.googleapis.com/google.crypto.tink.EcdsaPrivateKey",
					"value":
							"EkwSBggDEAIYAhogEiSZ9u2nDtvZuDgWgGsVTIZ5/V08N4ycUspTX0RYRrkiIHpEwHxQd1bImkyMvV2bqtUbgMh5uPSTdnUEGrPXdt56GiEA3iUi+CRN71qy0fOCK66xAW/IvFyjOGtxjppRhSFUneo="
			},
			"keyId": 611814836,
			"outputPrefixType": "TINK",
			"status": "ENABLED"
		}],
		"primaryKeyId": 611814836
	}`

	// The corresponding public keyset created with
	// "tinkey create-public-keyset --in private_keyset.cfg"
	publicJSONKeyset := `{
      "key": [{
          "keyData": {
              "keyMaterialType":
                  "ASYMMETRIC_PUBLIC",
              "typeUrl":
                  "type.googleapis.com/google.crypto.tink.EcdsaPublicKey",
              "value":
                  "EgYIAxACGAIaIBIkmfbtpw7b2bg4FoBrFUyGef1dPDeMnFLKU19EWEa5IiB6RMB8UHdWyJpMjL1dm6rVG4DIebj0k3Z1BBqz13beeg=="
          },
          "keyId": 611814836,
          "outputPrefixType": "TINK",
          "status": "ENABLED"
      }],
      "primaryKeyId": 611814836
  }`

	// Create a keyset handle from the cleartext private keyset in the previous
	// step. The keyset handle provides abstract access to the underlying keyset to
	// limit the access of the raw key material. WARNING: In practice,
	// it is unlikely you will want to use a insecurecleartextkeyset, as it implies
	// that your key material is passed in cleartext, which is a security risk.
	// Consider encrypting it with a remote key in Cloud KMS, AWS KMS or HashiCorp Vault.
	// See https://github.com/google/tink/blob/master/docs/GOLANG-HOWTO.md#storing-and-loading-existing-keysets.
	privateKeysetHandle, err := insecurecleartextkeyset.Read(
		keyset.NewJSONReader(bytes.NewBufferString(privateJSONKeyset)))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Retrieve the Signer primitive from privateKeysetHandle.
	signer, err := signature.NewSigner(privateKeysetHandle)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Use the primitive to sign a message. In this case, the primary key of the
	// keyset will be used (which is also the only key in this example).
	data := []byte("data")
	sig, err := signer.Sign(data)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Create a keyset handle from the keyset containing the public key. Because the
	// public keyset does not contain any secrets, we can use [keyset.ReadWithNoSecrets].
	publicKeysetHandle, err := keyset.ReadWithNoSecrets(
		keyset.NewJSONReader(bytes.NewBufferString(publicJSONKeyset)))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// Retrieve the Verifier primitive from publicKeysetHandle.
	verifier, err := signature.NewVerifier(publicKeysetHandle)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	if err = verifier.Verify(sig, data); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("sig is valid")
	// Output: sig is valid
}
signature_test.go

package signature;

import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

import com.google.crypto.tink.InsecureSecretKeyAccess;
import com.google.crypto.tink.KeysetHandle;
import com.google.crypto.tink.PublicKeySign;
import com.google.crypto.tink.PublicKeyVerify;
import com.google.crypto.tink.RegistryConfiguration;
import com.google.crypto.tink.TinkJsonProtoKeysetFormat;
import com.google.crypto.tink.signature.SignatureConfig;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

/**
 * A command-line utility for digitally signing and verifying a file.
 *
 * <p>It loads cleartext keys from disk - this is not recommended!
 *
 * <p>It requires the following arguments:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>mode: either 'sign' or 'verify'.
 *   <li>key-file: Read the key material from this file.
 *   <li>input-file: Read the input from this file.
 *   <li>signature-file: name of the file containing a hexadecimal signature of the input file.
 */
public final class SignatureExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    if (args.length != 4) {
      System.err.printf("Expected 4 parameters, got %d\n", args.length);
      System.err.println(
          "Usage: java SignatureExample sign/verify key-file input-file signature-file");
      System.exit(1);
    }

    String mode = args[0];
    if (!mode.equals("sign") && !mode.equals("verify")) {
      System.err.println("Incorrect mode. Please select sign or verify.");
      System.exit(1);
    }
    Path keyFile = Paths.get(args[1]);
    byte[] msg = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(args[2]));
    Path signatureFile = Paths.get(args[3]);

    // Register all signature key types with the Tink runtime.
    SignatureConfig.register();

    // Read the keyset into a KeysetHandle.
    KeysetHandle handle =
        TinkJsonProtoKeysetFormat.parseKeyset(
            new String(Files.readAllBytes(keyFile), UTF_8), InsecureSecretKeyAccess.get());

    if (mode.equals("sign")) {
      // Get the primitive.
      PublicKeySign signer = handle.getPrimitive(RegistryConfiguration.get(), PublicKeySign.class);

      // Use the primitive to sign data.
      byte[] signature = signer.sign(msg);
      Files.write(signatureFile, signature);
    } else {
      byte[] signature = Files.readAllBytes(signatureFile);

      // Get the primitive.
      PublicKeyVerify verifier =
          handle.getPrimitive(RegistryConfiguration.get(), PublicKeyVerify.class);

      verifier.verify(signature, msg);
    }
  }

  private SignatureExample() {}
}
SignatureExample.java

PROCEDIMIENTO

import tink
from tink import secret_key_access
from tink import signature


def example():
  """Sign and verify using digital signatures."""
  # Register the signature key managers. This is needed to create
  # PublicKeySign and PublicKeyVerify primitives later.
  signature.register()

  # A private keyset created with
  # "tinkey create-keyset --key-template=ECDSA_P256 --out private_keyset.cfg".
  # Note that this keyset has the secret key information in cleartext.
  private_keyset = r"""{
      "key": [{
          "keyData": {
              "keyMaterialType":
                  "ASYMMETRIC_PRIVATE",
              "typeUrl":
                  "type.googleapis.com/google.crypto.tink.EcdsaPrivateKey",
              "value":
                  "EkwSBggDEAIYAhogEiSZ9u2nDtvZuDgWgGsVTIZ5/V08N4ycUspTX0RYRrkiIHpEwHxQd1bImkyMvV2bqtUbgMh5uPSTdnUEGrPXdt56GiEA3iUi+CRN71qy0fOCK66xAW/IvFyjOGtxjppRhSFUneo="
          },
          "keyId": 611814836,
          "outputPrefixType": "TINK",
          "status": "ENABLED"
      }],
      "primaryKeyId": 611814836
  }"""

  # The corresponding public keyset created with
  # "tinkey create-public-keyset --in private_keyset.cfg"
  public_keyset = r"""{
      "key": [{
          "keyData": {
              "keyMaterialType":
                  "ASYMMETRIC_PUBLIC",
              "typeUrl":
                  "type.googleapis.com/google.crypto.tink.EcdsaPublicKey",
              "value":
                  "EgYIAxACGAIaIBIkmfbtpw7b2bg4FoBrFUyGef1dPDeMnFLKU19EWEa5IiB6RMB8UHdWyJpMjL1dm6rVG4DIebj0k3Z1BBqz13beeg=="
          },
          "keyId": 611814836,
          "outputPrefixType": "TINK",
          "status": "ENABLED"
      }],
      "primaryKeyId": 611814836
  }"""

  # Create a keyset handle from the cleartext keyset in the previous
  # step. The keyset handle provides abstract access to the underlying keyset to
  # limit the exposure of accessing the raw key material. WARNING: In practice,
  # it is unlikely you will want to use tink.json_proto_keyset_format.parse, as
  # it implies that your key material is passed in cleartext which is a security
  # risk.
  private_keyset_handle = tink.json_proto_keyset_format.parse(
      private_keyset, secret_key_access.TOKEN
  )

  # Retrieve the PublicKeySign primitive we want to use from the keyset
  # handle.
  sign_primitive = private_keyset_handle.primitive(signature.PublicKeySign)

  # Use the primitive to sign a message. In this case the primary key of the
  # keyset will be used (which is also the only key in this example).
  sig = sign_primitive.sign(b'msg')

  # Create a keyset handle from the keyset containing the public key. Because
  # this keyset does not contain any secrets, we can use
  # `parse_without_secret`.
  public_keyset_handle = tink.json_proto_keyset_format.parse_without_secret(
      public_keyset
  )

  # Retrieve the PublicKeyVerify primitive we want to use from the keyset
  # handle.
  verify_primitive = public_keyset_handle.primitive(signature.PublicKeyVerify)

  # Use the primitive to verify that `sig` is valid signature for the message.
  # Verify finds the correct key in the keyset. If no key is found or
  # verification fails, it raises an error.
  verify_primitive.verify(sig, b'msg')

  # Note that we can also get the public keyset handle from the private keyset
  # handle. The verification works the same as above.
  public_keyset_handle2 = private_keyset_handle.public_keyset_handle()
  verify_primitive2 = public_keyset_handle2.primitive(signature.PublicKeyVerify)
  verify_primitive2.verify(sig, b'msg')
signature_basic.py

Firma digital

La primitiva de firma digital te permite verificar que nadie haya manipulado tus datos. Proporciona autenticidad e integridad, pero no confidencialidad, de los datos firmados. Es asimétrica, lo que significa que usa un par de claves (clave pública y clave privada).

La primitiva de firma digital tiene las siguientes propiedades:

• Autenticidad: Es imposible crear una firma para la que PublicKeyVerify.Verify(signature, message) valide, a menos que tengas la clave privada.
• Asimétrica: Para crear la firma, se usa una clave diferente a la que se usa para verificarla. Esto te permite distribuir la clave pública para verificar las firmas a las partes que no pueden crearlas por sí mismas.

Si no necesitas asimetría, considera usar la primitiva MAC más simple y eficiente.

La funcionalidad de las firmas digitales se representa en Tink como un par de primitivos:

• PublicKeySign para firmar datos
• PublicKeyVerify para verificar la firma

Elige un tipo de clave

Recomendamos usar ECDSA_P256 para la mayoría de los casos de uso, pero hay una variedad de opciones. En general, se cumple lo siguiente:

• ECDSA_P256 es la opción más utilizada y una opción predeterminada razonable. Sin embargo, ten en cuenta que las firmas ECDSA son maleables.
• ED25519 crea firmas deterministas y proporciona un mejor rendimiento que ECDSA_P256.
• RSA_SSA_PKCS1_3072_SHA256_F4 crea firmas deterministas y proporciona el mejor rendimiento de verificación (pero la firma es mucho más lenta que ECDSA_P256 o ED25519).

Garantías de seguridad mínimas

• Los datos que se firmarán pueden tener una longitud arbitraria.
• Nivel de seguridad de 128 bits contra ataques de mensaje elegido adaptable para esquemas basados en curvas elípticas
• Nivel de seguridad de 112 bits contra ataques de mensaje elegido adaptativo para esquemas basados en RSA (permite claves de 2,048 bits)

Maleabilidad

Un esquema de firma es maleable si un atacante puede crear una firma válida diferente para un mensaje que ya está firmado. Si bien esto no es un problema en la mayoría de los casos, en algunos casos, los programadores suponen implícitamente que las firmas válidas son únicas, y esto puede generar resultados inesperados.