Panduan Memulai Android

Panduan ini menjelaskan cara menyiapkan aplikasi Android sederhana yang membuat permintaan ke YouTube Data API.

Prasyarat

Untuk menjalankan panduan memulai ini, Anda perlu:

Panduan memulai ini akan menganggap Anda sudah menggunakan IDE Android Studio (bukan SDK Tools mandiri) dan sudah merasa nyaman untuk menemukan, membuat, serta mengedit file dalam project Studio.

Langkah 1: Dapatkan sidik jari SHA1

Di terminal, jalankan perintah utility Keytool berikut untuk mendapatkan sidik jari SHA1 yang akan Anda gunakan untuk mengaktifkan API.

keytool -exportcert -alias androiddebugkey -keystore ~/.android/debug.keystore -list -v

Saat dimintai sandi keystore, masukkan "android".

Keytool mencetak sidik jari ke shell. Contoh:

$ keytool -exportcert -alias androiddebugkey -keystore ~/.android/debug.keystore -list -v
Enter keystore password: Type "android" if using debug.keystore
Alias name: androiddebugkey
Creation date: Dec 4, 2014
Entry type: PrivateKeyEntry
Certificate chain length: 1
Certificate[1]:
Owner: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Issuer: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Serial number: 503bd581
Valid from: Mon Aug 27 13:16:01 PDT 2012 until: Wed Aug 20 13:16:01 PDT 2042
Certificate fingerprints:
   MD5:  1B:2B:2D:37:E1:CE:06:8B:A0:F0:73:05:3C:A3:63:DD
   SHA1: D8:AA:43:97:59:EE:C5:95:26:6A:07:EE:1C:37:8E:F4:F0:C8:05:C8
   SHA256: F3:6F:98:51:9A:DF:C3:15:4E:48:4B:0F:91:E3:3C:6A:A0:97:DC:0A:3F:B2:D2:E1:FE:23:57:F5:EB:AC:13:30
   Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
   Version: 3

Salin sidik jari SHA1, yang disorot pada contoh di atas.

Langkah 2: Aktifkan YouTube Data API

  1. Gunakan wizard ini untuk membuat atau memilih project di Google Developers Console dan mengaktifkan API secara otomatis. Klik Lanjutkan, lalu Buka kredensial.

  2. Di halaman Create credentials, klik tombol Cancel.

  3. Di bagian atas halaman, pilih tab OAuth consent screen. Pilih Alamat email, masukkan Nama produk jika belum ditetapkan, dan klik tombol Simpan.

  4. Pilih tab Credentials, klik tombol Create credentials dan pilih OAuth client ID.

  5. Pilih jenis aplikasi Android.
  6. Salin sidik jari SHA1 dari Langkah 1 ke kolom Penandatanganan sidik jari sertifikat.
  7. Di kolom Package name, masukkan com.example.quickstart.
  8. Klik tombol Buat.

Langkah 3: Buat project Android baru

  1. Buka Android Studio, dan mulai Project Android Studio Baru.
  2. Di layar New Project, beri nama aplikasi "Quickstart".
  3. Tetapkan Company Domain ke "example.com" dan verifikasi bahwa nama paket yang dihasilkan secara otomatis cocok dengan nama yang Anda masukkan ke Developer Console pada Langkah 2. Klik Next.
  4. Di layar Target Android Devices, centang kotak Phone and Tablet, lalu pilih Minimum SDK untuk "API 14: Android 4.0 (IceCreamSandwich)". Biarkan kotak centang lainnya tidak dicentang. Klik Next.
  5. Di layar Add an activity to Mobile, klik Add No Activity.
  6. Klik Finish.

Pada tahap ini, Android Studio akan membuat dan membuka project.

Langkah 4: Siapkan proyek

Sidebar Project adalah daftar yang dapat diluaskan dari file project default yang telah dibuat Android Studio. Dalam daftar tersebut, luaskan daftar skrip Gradle dan buka file build.gradle yang terkait dengan modul "aplikasi" (bukan project).

  1. Buka file build.gradle aplikasi dan ganti isinya dengan kode berikut:
  2. Di toolbar, pilih Tools > Android > Sync Project with Gradle Files. Tindakan ini akan memperoleh dan menyediakan library yang dibutuhkan project Anda.
  3. Temukan dan buka file src/main/AndroidManifest.xml default. Di sidebar Project, file ini disusun bertingkat di app, lalu di bawah manifests. Ganti konten file dengan kode berikut: 
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.quickstart">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="YouTube Data API Android Quickstart"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="YouTube Data API Android Quickstart" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

    </application>
</manifest>

Langkah 5: Siapkan contoh

Buat class Java baru. Untuk melakukannya, pertama-tama pilih folder java di sidebar Project. Folder ini muncul di grup file app. Setelah mengklik folder tersebut, Anda dapat memilih File > New > Java Class dari panel menu, atau Anda dapat mengklik kanan folder tersebut, lalu memilih New > Java Class. Jika diminta untuk memilih direktori, pilih .../app/src/main/java.

Beri nama class "MainActivity" lalu klik OK. Ganti konten file baru dengan kode berikut.

package com.example.quickstart;

import com.google.android.gms.common.ConnectionResult;
import com.google.android.gms.common.GoogleApiAvailability;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.android.http.AndroidHttp;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.extensions.android.gms.auth.GoogleAccountCredential;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.extensions.android.gms.auth.GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityIOException;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.extensions.android.gms.auth.UserRecoverableAuthIOException;

import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.util.ExponentialBackOff;

import com.google.api.services.youtube.YouTubeScopes;

import com.google.api.services.youtube.model.*;

import android.Manifest;
import android.accounts.AccountManager;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.text.method.ScrollingMovementMethod;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import pub.devrel.easypermissions.AfterPermissionGranted;
import pub.devrel.easypermissions.EasyPermissions;

public class MainActivity extends Activity
    implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks {
    GoogleAccountCredential mCredential;
    private TextView mOutputText;
    private Button mCallApiButton;
    ProgressDialog mProgress;

    static final int REQUEST_ACCOUNT_PICKER = 1000;
    static final int REQUEST_AUTHORIZATION = 1001;
    static final int REQUEST_GOOGLE_PLAY_SERVICES = 1002;
    static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1003;

    private static final String BUTTON_TEXT = "Call YouTube Data API";
    private static final String PREF_ACCOUNT_NAME = "accountName";
    private static final String[] SCOPES = { YouTubeScopes.YOUTUBE_READONLY };

    /**
     * Create the main activity.
     * @param savedInstanceState previously saved instance data.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        LinearLayout activityLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
        LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
                LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
                LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
        activityLayout.setLayoutParams(lp);
        activityLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
        activityLayout.setPadding(16, 16, 16, 16);

        ViewGroup.LayoutParams tlp = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);

        mCallApiButton = new Button(this);
        mCallApiButton.setText(BUTTON_TEXT);
        mCallApiButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mCallApiButton.setEnabled(false);
                mOutputText.setText("");
                getResultsFromApi();
                mCallApiButton.setEnabled(true);
            }
        });
        activityLayout.addView(mCallApiButton);

        mOutputText = new TextView(this);
        mOutputText.setLayoutParams(tlp);
        mOutputText.setPadding(16, 16, 16, 16);
        mOutputText.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(true);
        mOutputText.setMovementMethod(new ScrollingMovementMethod());
        mOutputText.setText(
                "Click the \'" + BUTTON_TEXT +"\' button to test the API.");
        activityLayout.addView(mOutputText);

        mProgress = new ProgressDialog(this);
        mProgress.setMessage("Calling YouTube Data API ...");

        setContentView(activityLayout);

        // Initialize credentials and service object.
        mCredential = GoogleAccountCredential.usingOAuth2(
                getApplicationContext(), Arrays.asList(SCOPES))
                .setBackOff(new ExponentialBackOff());
    }

    

    /**
     * Attempt to call the API, after verifying that all the preconditions are
     * satisfied. The preconditions are: Google Play Services installed, an
     * account was selected and the device currently has online access. If any
     * of the preconditions are not satisfied, the app will prompt the user as
     * appropriate.
     */
    private void getResultsFromApi() {
        if (! isGooglePlayServicesAvailable()) {
            acquireGooglePlayServices();
        } else if (mCredential.getSelectedAccountName() == null) {
            chooseAccount();
        } else if (! isDeviceOnline()) {
            mOutputText.setText("No network connection available.");
        } else {
            new MakeRequestTask(mCredential).execute();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to set the account used with the API credentials. If an account
     * name was previously saved it will use that one; otherwise an account
     * picker dialog will be shown to the user. Note that the setting the
     * account to use with the credentials object requires the app to have the
     * GET_ACCOUNTS permission, which is requested here if it is not already
     * present. The AfterPermissionGranted annotation indicates that this
     * function will be rerun automatically whenever the GET_ACCOUNTS permission
     * is granted.
     */
    @AfterPermissionGranted(REQUEST_PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS)
    private void chooseAccount() {
        if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(
                this, Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS)) {
            String accountName = getPreferences(Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
                    .getString(PREF_ACCOUNT_NAME, null);
            if (accountName != null) {
                mCredential.setSelectedAccountName(accountName);
                getResultsFromApi();
            } else {
                // Start a dialog from which the user can choose an account
                startActivityForResult(
                        mCredential.newChooseAccountIntent(),
                        REQUEST_ACCOUNT_PICKER);
            }
        } else {
            // Request the GET_ACCOUNTS permission via a user dialog
            EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(
                    this,
                    "This app needs to access your Google account (via Contacts).",
                    REQUEST_PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
                    Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called when an activity launched here (specifically, AccountPicker
     * and authorization) exits, giving you the requestCode you started it with,
     * the resultCode it returned, and any additional data from it.
     * @param requestCode code indicating which activity result is incoming.
     * @param resultCode code indicating the result of the incoming
     *     activity result.
     * @param data Intent (containing result data) returned by incoming
     *     activity result.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(
            int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch(requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_GOOGLE_PLAY_SERVICES:
                if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
                    mOutputText.setText(
                            "This app requires Google Play Services. Please install " +
                            "Google Play Services on your device and relaunch this app.");
                } else {
                    getResultsFromApi();
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_ACCOUNT_PICKER:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null &&
                        data.getExtras() != null) {
                    String accountName =
                            data.getStringExtra(AccountManager.KEY_ACCOUNT_NAME);
                    if (accountName != null) {
                        SharedPreferences settings =
                                getPreferences(Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = settings.edit();
                        editor.putString(PREF_ACCOUNT_NAME, accountName);
                        editor.apply();
                        mCredential.setSelectedAccountName(accountName);
                        getResultsFromApi();
                    }
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_AUTHORIZATION:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    getResultsFromApi();
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Respond to requests for permissions at runtime for API 23 and above.
     * @param requestCode The request code passed in
     *     requestPermissions(android.app.Activity, String, int, String[])
     * @param permissions The requested permissions. Never null.
     * @param grantResults The grant results for the corresponding permissions
     *     which is either PERMISSION_GRANTED or PERMISSION_DENIED. Never null.
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                           @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(
                requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
    }

    /**
     * Callback for when a permission is granted using the EasyPermissions
     * library.
     * @param requestCode The request code associated with the requested
     *         permission
     * @param list The requested permission list. Never null.
     */
    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> list) {
        // Do nothing.
    }

    /**
     * Callback for when a permission is denied using the EasyPermissions
     * library.
     * @param requestCode The request code associated with the requested
     *         permission
     * @param list The requested permission list. Never null.
     */
    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> list) {
        // Do nothing.
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether the device currently has a network connection.
     * @return true if the device has a network connection, false otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isDeviceOnline() {
        ConnectivityManager connMgr =
                (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        return (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected());
    }

    /**
     * Check that Google Play services APK is installed and up to date.
     * @return true if Google Play Services is available and up to
     *     date on this device; false otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isGooglePlayServicesAvailable() {
        GoogleApiAvailability apiAvailability =
                GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance();
        final int connectionStatusCode =
                apiAvailability.isGooglePlayServicesAvailable(this);
        return connectionStatusCode == ConnectionResult.SUCCESS;
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to resolve a missing, out-of-date, invalid or disabled Google
     * Play Services installation via a user dialog, if possible.
     */
    private void acquireGooglePlayServices() {
        GoogleApiAvailability apiAvailability =
                GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance();
        final int connectionStatusCode =
                apiAvailability.isGooglePlayServicesAvailable(this);
        if (apiAvailability.isUserResolvableError(connectionStatusCode)) {
            showGooglePlayServicesAvailabilityErrorDialog(connectionStatusCode);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Display an error dialog showing that Google Play Services is missing
     * or out of date.
     * @param connectionStatusCode code describing the presence (or lack of)
     *     Google Play Services on this device.
     */
    void showGooglePlayServicesAvailabilityErrorDialog(
            final int connectionStatusCode) {
        GoogleApiAvailability apiAvailability = GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance();
        Dialog dialog = apiAvailability.getErrorDialog(
                MainActivity.this,
                connectionStatusCode,
                REQUEST_GOOGLE_PLAY_SERVICES);
        dialog.show();
    }

    /**
     * An asynchronous task that handles the YouTube Data API call.
     * Placing the API calls in their own task ensures the UI stays responsive.
     */
    private class MakeRequestTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, List<String>> {
        private com.google.api.services.youtube.YouTube mService = null;
        private Exception mLastError = null;

        MakeRequestTask(GoogleAccountCredential credential) {
            HttpTransport transport = AndroidHttp.newCompatibleTransport();
            JsonFactory jsonFactory = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
            mService = new com.google.api.services.youtube.YouTube.Builder(
                    transport, jsonFactory, credential)
                    .setApplicationName("YouTube Data API Android Quickstart")
                    .build();
        }

        /**
         * Background task to call YouTube Data API.
         * @param params no parameters needed for this task.
         */
        @Override
        protected List<String> doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                return getDataFromApi();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                mLastError = e;
                cancel(true);
                return null;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Fetch information about the "GoogleDevelopers" YouTube channel.
         * @return List of Strings containing information about the channel.
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private List<String> getDataFromApi() throws IOException {
            // Get a list of up to 10 files.
            List<String> channelInfo = new ArrayList<String>();
            ChannelListResponse result = mService.channels().list("snippet,contentDetails,statistics")
                 .setForUsername("GoogleDevelopers")
                 .execute();
            List<Channel> channels = result.getItems();
            if (channels != null) {
                Channel channel = channels.get(0);
                channelInfo.add("This channel's ID is " + channel.getId() + ". " +
                        "Its title is '" + channel.getSnippet().getTitle() + ", " +
                        "and it has " + channel.getStatistics().getViewCount() + " views.");
            }
            return channelInfo;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            mOutputText.setText("");
            mProgress.show();
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(List<String> output) {
            mProgress.hide();
            if (output == null || output.size() == 0) {
                mOutputText.setText("No results returned.");
            } else {
                output.add(0, "Data retrieved using the YouTube Data API:");
                mOutputText.setText(TextUtils.join("\n", output));
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onCancelled() {
            mProgress.hide();
            if (mLastError != null) {
                if (mLastError instanceof GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityIOException) {
                    showGooglePlayServicesAvailabilityErrorDialog(
                            ((GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityIOException) mLastError)
                                    .getConnectionStatusCode());
                } else if (mLastError instanceof UserRecoverableAuthIOException) {
                    startActivityForResult(
                            ((UserRecoverableAuthIOException) mLastError).getIntent(),
                            MainActivity.REQUEST_AUTHORIZATION);
                } else {
                    mOutputText.setText("The following error occurred:\n"
                            + mLastError.getMessage());
                }
            } else {
                mOutputText.setText("Request cancelled.");
            }
        }
    }
}

Langkah 6: Jalankan aplikasi

  1. Untuk menguji aplikasi, klik item menu Run > Run app.
  2. Anda akan diminta untuk memilih perangkat terhubung (direkomendasikan) atau emulasi untuk menjalankan aplikasi. Jika Anda menjalankan emulasi, pastikan emulasi tersebut dikonfigurasi untuk menggunakan salah satu image sistem with Google API. Jika Anda mencoba menjalankan panduan memulai di perangkat yang saat ini belum menginstal layanan Google Play, panduan memulai akan menampilkan dialog tempat Anda dapat menginstalnya.
  3. Jika berjalan di emulator, biarkan emulator tersebut memulai sepenuhnya dan membuat koneksi jaringannya.
  4. Jika memulai emulator untuk pertama kalinya, Anda mungkin perlu membuka kunci layarnya. Bagaimanapun juga, aplikasi panduan memulai harus dimulai secara otomatis.
  5. Saat pertama kali menjalankan aplikasi, Anda akan diminta untuk menentukan akun. Selesaikan alur login untuk memilih akun yang akan dihubungkan.
  6. Setelah memilih akun, aplikasi akan meminta Anda untuk memberikan otorisasi akses. Klik OK untuk memberi otorisasi.

Catatan

  • Informasi otorisasi disimpan bersama aplikasi, sehingga eksekusi berikutnya tidak meminta otorisasi.

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Pemecahan masalah

Aplikasi Android tak terdaftar

Jika dialog OAuth berisi entri yang bertuliskan "Aplikasi Android Tidak Terdaftar", berarti client ID OAuth2 yang Anda buat di Langkah 2 tidak dapat ditemukan dan Android akan kembali ke klien default. Klien default tidak akan dikonfigurasi untuk menggunakan API ini, sehingga permintaan gagal dengan error seperti accessNotConfigured. Error ini mungkin juga menyebutkan nomor project default 608941808256.

Untuk memperbaiki masalah ini, pastikan sidik jari SHA1 yang Anda ambil di Langkah 1 dan applicationId yang tercantum dalam file build.gradle sama persis dengan nilai yang Anda tetapkan di Google Developers Console.