Android 快速入门

本指南介绍了如何设置一个简单的 Android 应用，以便向 YouTube Data API 发出请求。

前提条件

如需运行本快速入门，您需要满足以下条件：

本快速入门将假定您使用的是 Android Studio IDE（而非独立的 SDK 工具），并且能够在 Studio 项目中轻松查找、创建和修改文件。

第 1 步：获取 SHA1 指纹

在终端中，运行以下 Keytool 实用程序命令，以获取用于启用该 API 的 SHA1 指纹。

keytool -exportcert -alias androiddebugkey -keystore ~/.android/debug.keystore -list -v

当系统提示输入密钥库密码时，请输入“android”。

Keytool 将指纹输出到 shell 程序中。例如：

$ keytool -exportcert -alias androiddebugkey -keystore ~/.android/debug.keystore -list -v
Enter keystore password: Type "android" if using debug.keystore
Alias name: androiddebugkey
Creation date: Dec 4, 2014
Entry type: PrivateKeyEntry
Certificate chain length: 1
Certificate[1]:
Owner: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Issuer: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Serial number: 503bd581
Valid from: Mon Aug 27 13:16:01 PDT 2012 until: Wed Aug 20 13:16:01 PDT 2042
Certificate fingerprints:
   MD5:  1B:2B:2D:37:E1:CE:06:8B:A0:F0:73:05:3C:A3:63:DD
   SHA1: D8:AA:43:97:59:EE:C5:95:26:6A:07:EE:1C:37:8E:F4:F0:C8:05:C8
   SHA256: F3:6F:98:51:9A:DF:C3:15:4E:48:4B:0F:91:E3:3C:6A:A0:97:DC:0A:3F:B2:D2:E1:FE:23:57:F5:EB:AC:13:30
   Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
   Version: 3

复制以上示例中突出显示的 SHA1 指纹。

第 2 步：启用 YouTube Data API

  1. 使用此向导在 Google Developers Console 中创建或选择项目，并自动启用该 API。点击继续，然后点击转到凭据。

  2. 在创建凭据页面上，点击取消按钮。

  3. 在页面顶部，选择 OAuth 权限请求屏幕标签页。 选择电子邮件地址，输入产品名称（如果尚未设置），然后点击保存按钮。

  4. 选择凭据标签页，点击创建凭据按钮，然后选择 OAuth 客户端 ID。

  5. 选择应用类型 Android。
  6. 将第 1 步中的 SHA1 指纹复制到签名证书指纹字段中。
  7. 在软件包名称字段中，输入 com.example.quickstart。
  8. 点击创建按钮。

第 3 步：创建一个新的 Android 项目

  1. 打开 Android Studio，然后开始创建一个新的 Android Studio 项目。
  2. 在 New Project 屏幕中，为应用命名为“Quickstart”。
  3. 将公司网域设置为“example.com”，然后验证自动生成的软件包名称是否与您在第 2 步中输入到Play 管理中心中的软件包名称一致。点击 Next。
  4. 在 Target Android Devices 屏幕中，选中 Phone and Tablet 复选框，然后选择“API 14: Android 4.0 (IceCreamSandwich)”作为 Minimum SDK。请勿选中其他复选框。点击下一步。
  5. 在 Add an activity to Mobile 屏幕中，点击 Add No Activity。
  6. 点击完成。

此时，Android Studio 会创建并打开项目。

第 4 步：准备项目

“Project”（项目）边栏是一个可展开的列表，其中包含 Android Studio 创建的默认项目文件。在该列表中，展开 Gradle 脚本列表，然后打开与“app”模块（而非项目）关联的 build.gradle 文件。

  1. 打开应用 build.gradle 文件，并将其内容替换为以下内容：
  2. 在工具栏中，依次选择 Tools > Android > Sync Project with Gradle Files。 这将获取并提供项目所需的库。
  3. 找到并打开默认的 src/main/AndroidManifest.xml 文件。在“Project”（项目）边栏中，此文件位于 app 下，然后位于 manifests 下。将文件的内容替换为以下代码： 
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.quickstart">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="YouTube Data API Android Quickstart"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="YouTube Data API Android Quickstart" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

    </application>
</manifest>

第 5 步：设置示例

创建一个新的 Java 类。为此，请先在“Project”边栏中选择 java 文件夹。此文件夹会显示在 app 文件组中。点击该文件夹后，您可以从菜单栏中依次选择 File > New > Java Class，也可以右键点击该文件夹，然后依次选择 New > Java Class。如果系统提示您选择目录，请选择 .../app/src/main/java。

将类命名为“MainActivity”，然后点击 OK。将新文件的内容替换为以下代码。

package com.example.quickstart;

import com.google.android.gms.common.ConnectionResult;
import com.google.android.gms.common.GoogleApiAvailability;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.android.http.AndroidHttp;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.extensions.android.gms.auth.GoogleAccountCredential;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.extensions.android.gms.auth.GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityIOException;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.extensions.android.gms.auth.UserRecoverableAuthIOException;

import com.google.api.client.http.HttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.util.ExponentialBackOff;

import com.google.api.services.youtube.YouTubeScopes;

import com.google.api.services.youtube.model.*;

import android.Manifest;
import android.accounts.AccountManager;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.text.method.ScrollingMovementMethod;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import pub.devrel.easypermissions.AfterPermissionGranted;
import pub.devrel.easypermissions.EasyPermissions;

public class MainActivity extends Activity
    implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks {
    GoogleAccountCredential mCredential;
    private TextView mOutputText;
    private Button mCallApiButton;
    ProgressDialog mProgress;

    static final int REQUEST_ACCOUNT_PICKER = 1000;
    static final int REQUEST_AUTHORIZATION = 1001;
    static final int REQUEST_GOOGLE_PLAY_SERVICES = 1002;
    static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1003;

    private static final String BUTTON_TEXT = "Call YouTube Data API";
    private static final String PREF_ACCOUNT_NAME = "accountName";
    private static final String[] SCOPES = { YouTubeScopes.YOUTUBE_READONLY };

    /**
     * Create the main activity.
     * @param savedInstanceState previously saved instance data.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        LinearLayout activityLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
        LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
                LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
                LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
        activityLayout.setLayoutParams(lp);
        activityLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
        activityLayout.setPadding(16, 16, 16, 16);

        ViewGroup.LayoutParams tlp = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);

        mCallApiButton = new Button(this);
        mCallApiButton.setText(BUTTON_TEXT);
        mCallApiButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                mCallApiButton.setEnabled(false);
                mOutputText.setText("");
                getResultsFromApi();
                mCallApiButton.setEnabled(true);
            }
        });
        activityLayout.addView(mCallApiButton);

        mOutputText = new TextView(this);
        mOutputText.setLayoutParams(tlp);
        mOutputText.setPadding(16, 16, 16, 16);
        mOutputText.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(true);
        mOutputText.setMovementMethod(new ScrollingMovementMethod());
        mOutputText.setText(
                "Click the \'" + BUTTON_TEXT +"\' button to test the API.");
        activityLayout.addView(mOutputText);

        mProgress = new ProgressDialog(this);
        mProgress.setMessage("Calling YouTube Data API ...");

        setContentView(activityLayout);

        // Initialize credentials and service object.
        mCredential = GoogleAccountCredential.usingOAuth2(
                getApplicationContext(), Arrays.asList(SCOPES))
                .setBackOff(new ExponentialBackOff());
    }

    

    /**
     * Attempt to call the API, after verifying that all the preconditions are
     * satisfied. The preconditions are: Google Play Services installed, an
     * account was selected and the device currently has online access. If any
     * of the preconditions are not satisfied, the app will prompt the user as
     * appropriate.
     */
    private void getResultsFromApi() {
        if (! isGooglePlayServicesAvailable()) {
            acquireGooglePlayServices();
        } else if (mCredential.getSelectedAccountName() == null) {
            chooseAccount();
        } else if (! isDeviceOnline()) {
            mOutputText.setText("No network connection available.");
        } else {
            new MakeRequestTask(mCredential).execute();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to set the account used with the API credentials. If an account
     * name was previously saved it will use that one; otherwise an account
     * picker dialog will be shown to the user. Note that the setting the
     * account to use with the credentials object requires the app to have the
     * GET_ACCOUNTS permission, which is requested here if it is not already
     * present. The AfterPermissionGranted annotation indicates that this
     * function will be rerun automatically whenever the GET_ACCOUNTS permission
     * is granted.
     */
    @AfterPermissionGranted(REQUEST_PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS)
    private void chooseAccount() {
        if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(
                this, Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS)) {
            String accountName = getPreferences(Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
                    .getString(PREF_ACCOUNT_NAME, null);
            if (accountName != null) {
                mCredential.setSelectedAccountName(accountName);
                getResultsFromApi();
            } else {
                // Start a dialog from which the user can choose an account
                startActivityForResult(
                        mCredential.newChooseAccountIntent(),
                        REQUEST_ACCOUNT_PICKER);
            }
        } else {
            // Request the GET_ACCOUNTS permission via a user dialog
            EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(
                    this,
                    "This app needs to access your Google account (via Contacts).",
                    REQUEST_PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
                    Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Called when an activity launched here (specifically, AccountPicker
     * and authorization) exits, giving you the requestCode you started it with,
     * the resultCode it returned, and any additional data from it.
     * @param requestCode code indicating which activity result is incoming.
     * @param resultCode code indicating the result of the incoming
     *     activity result.
     * @param data Intent (containing result data) returned by incoming
     *     activity result.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(
            int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        switch(requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_GOOGLE_PLAY_SERVICES:
                if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
                    mOutputText.setText(
                            "This app requires Google Play Services. Please install " +
                            "Google Play Services on your device and relaunch this app.");
                } else {
                    getResultsFromApi();
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_ACCOUNT_PICKER:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null &&
                        data.getExtras() != null) {
                    String accountName =
                            data.getStringExtra(AccountManager.KEY_ACCOUNT_NAME);
                    if (accountName != null) {
                        SharedPreferences settings =
                                getPreferences(Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = settings.edit();
                        editor.putString(PREF_ACCOUNT_NAME, accountName);
                        editor.apply();
                        mCredential.setSelectedAccountName(accountName);
                        getResultsFromApi();
                    }
                }
                break;
            case REQUEST_AUTHORIZATION:
                if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                    getResultsFromApi();
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Respond to requests for permissions at runtime for API 23 and above.
     * @param requestCode The request code passed in
     *     requestPermissions(android.app.Activity, String, int, String[])
     * @param permissions The requested permissions. Never null.
     * @param grantResults The grant results for the corresponding permissions
     *     which is either PERMISSION_GRANTED or PERMISSION_DENIED. Never null.
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                           @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(
                requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
    }

    /**
     * Callback for when a permission is granted using the EasyPermissions
     * library.
     * @param requestCode The request code associated with the requested
     *         permission
     * @param list The requested permission list. Never null.
     */
    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> list) {
        // Do nothing.
    }

    /**
     * Callback for when a permission is denied using the EasyPermissions
     * library.
     * @param requestCode The request code associated with the requested
     *         permission
     * @param list The requested permission list. Never null.
     */
    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> list) {
        // Do nothing.
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether the device currently has a network connection.
     * @return true if the device has a network connection, false otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isDeviceOnline() {
        ConnectivityManager connMgr =
                (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        return (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected());
    }

    /**
     * Check that Google Play services APK is installed and up to date.
     * @return true if Google Play Services is available and up to
     *     date on this device; false otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isGooglePlayServicesAvailable() {
        GoogleApiAvailability apiAvailability =
                GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance();
        final int connectionStatusCode =
                apiAvailability.isGooglePlayServicesAvailable(this);
        return connectionStatusCode == ConnectionResult.SUCCESS;
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to resolve a missing, out-of-date, invalid or disabled Google
     * Play Services installation via a user dialog, if possible.
     */
    private void acquireGooglePlayServices() {
        GoogleApiAvailability apiAvailability =
                GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance();
        final int connectionStatusCode =
                apiAvailability.isGooglePlayServicesAvailable(this);
        if (apiAvailability.isUserResolvableError(connectionStatusCode)) {
            showGooglePlayServicesAvailabilityErrorDialog(connectionStatusCode);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Display an error dialog showing that Google Play Services is missing
     * or out of date.
     * @param connectionStatusCode code describing the presence (or lack of)
     *     Google Play Services on this device.
     */
    void showGooglePlayServicesAvailabilityErrorDialog(
            final int connectionStatusCode) {
        GoogleApiAvailability apiAvailability = GoogleApiAvailability.getInstance();
        Dialog dialog = apiAvailability.getErrorDialog(
                MainActivity.this,
                connectionStatusCode,
                REQUEST_GOOGLE_PLAY_SERVICES);
        dialog.show();
    }

    /**
     * An asynchronous task that handles the YouTube Data API call.
     * Placing the API calls in their own task ensures the UI stays responsive.
     */
    private class MakeRequestTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, List<String>> {
        private com.google.api.services.youtube.YouTube mService = null;
        private Exception mLastError = null;

        MakeRequestTask(GoogleAccountCredential credential) {
            HttpTransport transport = AndroidHttp.newCompatibleTransport();
            JsonFactory jsonFactory = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
            mService = new com.google.api.services.youtube.YouTube.Builder(
                    transport, jsonFactory, credential)
                    .setApplicationName("YouTube Data API Android Quickstart")
                    .build();
        }

        /**
         * Background task to call YouTube Data API.
         * @param params no parameters needed for this task.
         */
        @Override
        protected List<String> doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                return getDataFromApi();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                mLastError = e;
                cancel(true);
                return null;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Fetch information about the "GoogleDevelopers" YouTube channel.
         * @return List of Strings containing information about the channel.
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private List<String> getDataFromApi() throws IOException {
            // Get a list of up to 10 files.
            List<String> channelInfo = new ArrayList<String>();
            ChannelListResponse result = mService.channels().list("snippet,contentDetails,statistics")
                 .setForUsername("GoogleDevelopers")
                 .execute();
            List<Channel> channels = result.getItems();
            if (channels != null) {
                Channel channel = channels.get(0);
                channelInfo.add("This channel's ID is " + channel.getId() + ". " +
                        "Its title is '" + channel.getSnippet().getTitle() + ", " +
                        "and it has " + channel.getStatistics().getViewCount() + " views.");
            }
            return channelInfo;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            mOutputText.setText("");
            mProgress.show();
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(List<String> output) {
            mProgress.hide();
            if (output == null || output.size() == 0) {
                mOutputText.setText("No results returned.");
            } else {
                output.add(0, "Data retrieved using the YouTube Data API:");
                mOutputText.setText(TextUtils.join("\n", output));
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void onCancelled() {
            mProgress.hide();
            if (mLastError != null) {
                if (mLastError instanceof GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityIOException) {
                    showGooglePlayServicesAvailabilityErrorDialog(
                            ((GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityIOException) mLastError)
                                    .getConnectionStatusCode());
                } else if (mLastError instanceof UserRecoverableAuthIOException) {
                    startActivityForResult(
                            ((UserRecoverableAuthIOException) mLastError).getIntent(),
                            MainActivity.REQUEST_AUTHORIZATION);
                } else {
                    mOutputText.setText("The following error occurred:\n"
                            + mLastError.getMessage());
                }
            } else {
                mOutputText.setText("Request cancelled.");
            }
        }
    }
}

第 6 步：运行应用

  1. 如需测试应用，请依次点击 Run > Run app 菜单项。
  2. 系统会提示您选择要用于运行应用的已连接设备（推荐）或模拟环境。如果您在模拟环境中运行，请确保模拟器配置为使用某个包含 Google API 的系统映像。如果您尝试在当前未安装 Google Play 服务的设备上运行本快速入门，系统会显示一个对话框，您可以通过该对话框安装 Google Play 服务。
  3. 如果在模拟器上运行，请让其完全启动并建立网络连接。
  4. 如果是首次启动模拟器，您可能需要解锁其屏幕。无论如何，快速入门应用都应自动启动。
  5. 首次运行该应用时，系统会提示您指定账号。完成登录流程，然后选择要关联的账号。
  6. 选择账号后，应用会提示您授予访问权限。点击确定进行授权。

备注

  • 授权信息会与应用一起存储，因此后续执行时不会提示授权。

深入阅读

问题排查

此 Android 应用尚未注册

如果 OAuth 对话框包含一条内容为“Unregistered Android application”（未注册的 Android 应用）的条目，则表示系统找不到您在第 2 步中创建的 OAuth2 客户端 ID，并且 Android 会回退到默认客户端。默认客户端不会配置为使用此 API，因此请求会失败并返回 accessNotConfigured. 等错误。这些错误可能还会提及默认项目编号 608941808256。

如需解决此问题，请确保您在第 1 步中检索到的 SHA1 指纹和 build.gradle 文件中列出的 applicationId 与您在 Google Play 管理中心内设置的值完全匹配。