このページは Cloud Translation API によって翻訳されました。

アプリ起動時広告

本指南适用于使用 Google 移动广告 Android SDK 集成开屏广告的发布商。

开屏广告是一种特殊的广告格式，适合希望通过应用加载屏幕创收的发布商。开屏广告在用户将您的应用切换为在前台运行时展示，用户可随时关闭。

开屏广告会自动在一个较小的区域内展示您的品牌信息，让用户知道他们是在您的应用中。以下是一个开屏广告示例：

概括来讲，需要完成以下重要步骤：

扩展 Application 类以初始化 Google 移动广告 SDK。
创建一个实用工具类，用于先加载广告，以备需要展示时使用。
加载广告。
您可以说ActivityLifecycleCallbacks.
展示广告并处理回调。
实现并注册 LifecycleObserver 接口，以便在出现前台事件时展示广告。

前提条件

Google 移动广告 SDK 19.4.0 或更高版本。
按照入门指南中的设置说明进行操作。

务必用测试广告进行测试

构建和测试应用时，请确保使用测试广告，而不是实际投放的广告。否则，可能会导致您的帐号被暂停。

对于开屏广告，加载测试广告最简便的方法就是使用下面的专用测试广告单元 ID：

/6499/example/app-open

该测试广告单元 ID 已经过专门配置，可为每个请求返回测试广告，您可以在自己应用的编码、测试和调试过程中随意使用该测试广告单元 ID。只是一定要在发布应用前用您自己的广告单元 ID 替换该测试广告单元 ID。

如需详细了解移动广告 SDK 的测试广告如何运作，请参阅测试广告。

扩展 Application 类

创建一个扩展 Application 类的新类，并添加以下代码以初始化 Google 移动广告 SDK。

Java

/** Application class that initializes, loads and show ads when activities change states. */
public class MyApplication extends Application {

  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
    MobileAds.initialize(
        this,
        new OnInitializationCompleteListener() {
          @Override
          public void onInitializationComplete(InitializationStatus initializationStatus) {}
        });
  }
}

Kotlin

/** Application class that initializes, loads and show ads when activities change states. */
class MyApplication : Application() {

  override fun onCreate() {
    super.onCreate()
    MobileAds.initialize(this) {}
  }
}

这样将初始化 SDK 并提供框架，您稍后将在其中注册应用前台事件。

接下来，将以下代码添加到 AndroidManifest.xml：

<application
    android:name="com.google.android.gms.example.appopendemo.MyApplication" ...>
...
</application>

请务必引用您的实际软件包名称。

实现实用工具类

您的广告应该可以快速展示，因此最好先加载广告，以备需要展示时使用。这样一来，只要用户进入您的应用，广告就会立即展示。请实现实用工具类，以便在需要展示广告之前发出广告请求。

在 MyApplication 类中创建一个名为 AppOpenAdManager 的新类，并按以下方式填写该类：

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application {
  ...
  /** Inner class that loads and shows app open ads. */
  private class AppOpenAdManager {
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "AppOpenAdManager";
    private static final String AD_UNIT_ID = "ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/9257395921";

    private AppOpenAd appOpenAd = null;
    private boolean isLoadingAd = false;
    private boolean isShowingAd = false;

    /** Constructor. */
    public AppOpenAdManager() {}

    /** Request an ad. */
    private void loadAd(Context context) {
      // We will implement this below.
    }

    /** Check if ad exists and can be shown. */
    private boolean isAdAvailable() {
      return appOpenAd != null;
    }
  }
}

Kotlin

private const val String LOG_TAG = "AppOpenAdManager"
private const val String AD_UNIT_ID = "ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/9257395921"

public class MyApplication extends Application {
  ...
  /** Inner class that loads and shows app open ads. */
  private inner class AppOpenAdManager {
    private var appOpenAd: AppOpenAd? = null
    private var isLoadingAd = false
    var isShowingAd = false

    /** Request an ad. */
    fun loadAd(context: Context) {
      // We will implement this below.
    }

    /** Check if ad exists and can be shown. */
    private fun isAdAvailable(): Boolean {
      return appOpenAd != null
    }
  }
}

现在，您已经有了实用工具类，可以在 MyApplication 类中将其实例化：

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application {

  private AppOpenAdManager appOpenAdManager;

  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
    MobileAds.initialize(
        this,
        new OnInitializationCompleteListener() {
          @Override
          public void onInitializationComplete(InitializationStatus initializationStatus) {}
        });
    appOpenAdManager = new AppOpenAdManager(this);
  }
}

Kotlin

class MyApplication : Application() {

  private lateinit var appOpenAdManager: AppOpenAdManager

  override fun onCreate() {
    super.onCreate()
    MobileAds.initialize(this) {}
    appOpenAdManager = AppOpenAdManager()
  }
}

加载广告

下一步是填写 loadAd() 方法。

Java

private class AppOpenAdManager {
  ...
  /** Request an ad. */
  public void loadAd(Context context) {
    // Do not load ad if there is an unused ad or one is already loading.
    if (isLoadingAd || isAdAvailable()) {
      return;
    }

    isLoadingAd = true;
    AdRequest request = new AdRequest.Builder().build();
    AppOpenAd.load(
        context, AD_UNIT_ID, request,
        AppOpenAd.APP_OPEN_AD_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT,
        new AppOpenAdLoadCallback() {
          @Override
          public void onAdLoaded(AppOpenAd ad) {
            // Called when an app open ad has loaded.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad was loaded.");
            appOpenAd = ad;
            isLoadingAd = false;
          }

          @Override
          public void onAdFailedToLoad(LoadAdError loadAdError) {
            // Called when an app open ad has failed to load.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, loadAdError.getMessage());
            isLoadingAd = false;
          }
        });
  }
  ...
}

Kotlin

private inner class AppOpenAdManager {
  ...
  /** Request an ad. */
  fun loadAd(context: Context) {
    // Do not load ad if there is an unused ad or one is already loading.
    if (isLoadingAd || isAdAvailable()) {
      return
    }

    isLoadingAd = true
    val request = AdRequest.Builder().build()
    AppOpenAd.load(
        context, AD_UNIT_ID, request,
        AppOpenAd.APP_OPEN_AD_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT,
        object : AppOpenAdLoadCallback() {

          override fun onAdLoaded(ad: AppOpenAd) {
            // Called when an app open ad has loaded.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad was loaded.")
            appOpenAd = ad
            isLoadingAd = false
          }

          override fun onAdFailedToLoad(loadAdError: LoadAdError) {
            // Called when an app open ad has failed to load.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, loadAdError.message)
            isLoadingAd = false;
          }
        })
  }
  ...
}

AppOpenAdLoadCallback 具有在 AppOpenAd 加载完成时调用的方法。

跟踪当前活动

为了展示广告，您需要 Activity 上下文。如需跟踪用户当前正在使用的最新 activity，请在 Application 类中实现 Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks。

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application implements ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {

  private Activity currentActivity;

  ...

  /** ActivityLifecycleCallback methods. */
  @Override
  public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {}

  @Override
  public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
    // Updating the currentActivity only when an ad is not showing.
    if (!appOpenAdManager.isShowingAd) {
      currentActivity = activity;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {}

  @Override
  public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {}

  @Override
  public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {}

  @Override
  public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle bundle) {}

  @Override
  public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {}
}

Kotlin

class MyApplication : Application(), Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {

  private var currentActivity: Activity? = null

  ...

  /** ActivityLifecycleCallback methods. */
  override fun onActivityCreated(activity: Activity, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {}

  override fun onActivityStarted(activity: Activity) {
    // Updating the currentActivity only when an ad is not showing.
    if (!appOpenAdManager.isShowingAd) {
      currentActivity = activity
    }
  }

  override fun onActivityResumed(activity: Activity) {}

  override fun onActivityPaused(activity: Activity) {}

  override fun onActivityStopped(activity: Activity) {}

  override fun onActivitySaveInstanceState(activity: Activity, outState: Bundle) {}

  override fun onActivityDestroyed(activity: Activity) {}
}

通过跟踪当前活动，您可以根据上下文来展示广告。您现在需要使用 registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks 方法注册此接口。

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application {
  ...
  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
    this.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(this);
    MobileAds.initialize(
        this,
        new OnInitializationCompleteListener() {
          @Override
          public void onInitializationComplete(InitializationStatus initializationStatus) {}
        });
    appOpenAdManager = new AppOpenAdManager();
  }
}

Kotlin

class MyApplication : Application() {
  ...
  override fun onCreate() {
    super.onCreate()
    registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(this)
    MobileAds.initialize(this) {}
    appOpenAdManager = AppOpenAdManager()
  }
}

registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks 可用于监听所有 Activity 事件。通过监听 activity 何时启动和销毁，您可以跟踪对当前 Activity 的引用，然后使用此引用来展示开屏广告。

展示广告并处理全屏回调事件

以下代码演示了何时展示并随后重新加载广告。

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application {
  ...
  /** Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when an app open ad is complete. */
  public interface OnShowAdCompleteListener {
    void onShowAdComplete();
  }

  private class AppOpenAdManager {
    ...

    /** Shows the ad if one isn't already showing. */
    public void showAdIfAvailable(
        @NonNull final Activity activity,
        @NonNull OnShowAdCompleteListener onShowAdCompleteListener){
      // If the app open ad is already showing, do not show the ad again.
      if (isShowingAd) {
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "The app open ad is already showing.");
        return;
      }

      // If the app open ad is not available yet, invoke the callback then load the ad.
      if (!isAdAvailable()) {
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "The app open ad is not ready yet.");
        onShowAdCompleteListener.onShowAdComplete();
        loadAd(activity);
        return;
      }

      appOpenAd.setFullScreenContentCallback(
          new FullScreenContentCallback {

            @Override
            public void onAdDismissedFullScreenContent() {
              // Called when fullscreen content is dismissed.
              // Set the reference to null so isAdAvailable() returns false.
              Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad dismissed fullscreen content.");
              appOpenAd = null;
              isShowingAd = false;

              onShowAdCompleteListener.onShowAdComplete();
              loadAd(activity);
            }

            @Override
            public void onAdFailedToShowFullScreenContent(AdError adError) {
              // Called when fullscreen content failed to show.
              // Set the reference to null so isAdAvailable() returns false.
              Log.d(LOG_TAG, adError.getMessage());
              appOpenAd = null;
              isShowingAd = false;

              onShowAdCompleteListener.onShowAdComplete();
              loadAd(activity);
            }

            @Override
            public void onAdShowedFullScreenContent() {
              // Called when fullscreen content is shown.
              Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad showed fullscreen content.");
            }
          });
      isShowingAd = true;
      appOpenAd.show(activity);
    }
    ...
  }
}

Kotlin

class MyApplication : Application() {
  ...
  /** Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when an app open ad is complete. */
  interface OnShowAdCompleteListener {
    fun onShowAdComplete()
  }

  private inner class AppOpenAdManager {
    ...

    /** Shows the ad if one isn't already showing. */
    fun showAdIfAvailable(
        activity: Activity,
        onShowAdCompleteListener: OnShowAdCompleteListener) {
      // If the app open ad is already showing, do not show the ad again.
      if (isShowingAd) {
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "The app open ad is already showing.")
        return
      }

      // If the app open ad is not available yet, invoke the callback then load the ad.
      if (!isAdAvailable()) {
        Log.d(LOG_TAG, "The app open ad is not ready yet.")
        onShowAdCompleteListener.onShowAdComplete()
        loadAd(activity)
        return
      }

      appOpenAd?.setFullScreenContentCallback(
          object : FullScreenContentCallback() {

            override fun onAdDismissedFullScreenContent() {
              // Called when full screen content is dismissed.
              // Set the reference to null so isAdAvailable() returns false.
              Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad dismissed fullscreen content.")
              appOpenAd = null
              isShowingAd = false

              onShowAdCompleteListener.onShowAdComplete()
              loadAd(activity)
            }

            override fun onAdFailedToShowFullScreenContent(adError: AdError) {
              // Called when fullscreen content failed to show.
              // Set the reference to null so isAdAvailable() returns false.
              Log.d(LOG_TAG, adError.message)
              appOpenAd = null
              isShowingAd = false

              onShowAdCompleteListener.onShowAdComplete()
              loadAd(activity)
            }

            override fun onAdShowedFullScreenContent() {
              // Called when fullscreen content is shown.
              Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad showed fullscreen content.")
            }
          })
      isShowingAd = true
      appOpenAd?.show(activity)
    }
    ...
  }
}

FullScreenContentCallback 会处理广告展示、无法展示或关闭等事件。如果用户在离开您的应用后，通过点击开屏广告返回到您的应用，可以确保不会向用户展示其他开屏广告。

监听应用前台事件

将库添加到 Gradle 文件中

若要收到应用前台事件的通知，您需要注册 LifecycleObserver。首先，修改应用级 build.gradle 文件，以包含 LifecycleObserver 库：

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

dependencies {
   implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
   implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'

   implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:23.0.0'

   def lifecycle_version = "2.3.1"
   implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:$lifecycle_version"
   implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:$lifecycle_version"
   annotationProcessor "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-compiler:$lifecycle_version"
}

实现 LifecycleObserver 接口

您可以通过实现 LifecycleObserver 接口来监听 Application 类中的前台事件。

Java

public class MyApplication extends Application
    implements ActivityLifecycleCallbacks, LifecycleObserver { {
  ...
  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
    this.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(this);
    MobileAds.initialize(
        this,
        new OnInitializationCompleteListener() {
          @Override
          public void onInitializationComplete(InitializationStatus initializationStatus) {}
        });
    ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().getLifecycle().addObserver(this);
    appOpenAdManager = new AppOpenAdManager();
  }

  /** LifecycleObserver method that shows the app open ad when the app moves to foreground. */
  @OnLifecycleEvent(Event.ON_START)
  protected void onMoveToForeground() {
    // Show the ad (if available) when the app moves to foreground.
    appOpenAdManager.showAdIfAvailable(currentActivity);
  }

  /** Show the ad if one isn't already showing. */
  private void showAdIfAvailable(@NonNull final Activity activity) {
      showAdIfAvailable(
          activity,
          new OnShowAdCompleteListener() {
            @Override
            public void onShowAdComplete() {
              // Empty because the user will go back to the activity that shows the ad.
            }
          });
  }
}

Kotlin

class MyApplication : Application(),
    Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks, LifecycleObserver {
  ...
  override fun onCreate() {
    super.onCreate()
    registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(this)
    MobileAds.initialize(this) {}
    ProcessLifecycleOwner.get().lifecycle.addObserver(this)
    appOpenAdManager = AppOpenAdManager()
  }

  /** LifecycleObserver method that shows the app open ad when the app moves to foreground. */
  @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START)
  fun onMoveToForeground() {
    // Show the ad (if available) when the app moves to foreground.
    currentActivity?.let {
      appOpenAdManager.showAdIfAvailable(it)
    }
  }

  /** Show the ad if one isn't already showing. */
  fun showAdIfAvailable(activity: Activity) {
    showAdIfAvailable(
        activity,
        object : OnShowAdCompleteListener {
          override fun onShowAdComplete() {
            // Empty because the user will go back to the activity that shows the ad.
          }
        })
  }
}

考虑广告有效期

为确保您不会展示过期的广告，请在 AppOpenAdManager 中添加一个方法，用于检查广告引用加载后经过了多长时间。然后，使用该方法检查广告是否仍然有效。

Java

private class AppOpenAdManager {
  ...
  /** Keep track of the time an app open ad is loaded to ensure you don't show an expired ad. */
  private long loadTime = 0;

  /** Request an ad. */
  public void loadAd(Context context) {
    // Do not load ad if there is an unused ad or one is already loading.
    if (isLoadingAd || isAdAvailable()) {
      return;
    }

    isLoadingAd = true;
    AdRequest request = new AdRequest.Builder().build();
    AppOpenAd.load(
        context, AD_UNIT_ID, request,
        AppOpenAd.APP_OPEN_AD_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT,
        new AppOpenAdLoadCallback() {
          @Override
          public void onAdLoaded(AppOpenAd ad) {
            // Called when an app open ad has loaded.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad was loaded.");
            appOpenAd = ad;
            isLoadingAd = false;
            loadTime = (new Date()).getTime();
          }

          @Override
          public void onAdFailedToLoad(LoadAdError loadAdError) {
            // Called when an app open ad has failed to load.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, loadAdError.getMessage());
            isLoadingAd = false;
          }
        });
  }
  ...

  /** Utility method to check if ad was loaded more than n hours ago. */
  private boolean wasLoadTimeLessThanNHoursAgo(long numHours) {
    long dateDifference = (new Date()).getTime() - this.loadTime;
    long numMilliSecondsPerHour = 3600000;
    return (dateDifference < (numMilliSecondsPerHour * numHours));
  }

  /** Check if ad exists and can be shown. */
  public boolean isAdAvailable() {
    return appOpenAd != null && wasLoadTimeLessThanNHoursAgo(4);
  }
}

Kotlin

private inner class AppOpenAdManager {
  ...
  /** Keep track of the time an app open ad is loaded to ensure you don't show an expired ad. */
  private var loadTime: Long = 0

  /** Request an ad. */
  fun loadAd(context: Context) {
    // Do not load ad if there is an unused ad or one is already loading.
    if (isLoadingAd || isAdAvailable()) {
      return
    }

    isLoadingAd = true
    val request = AdRequest.Builder().build()
    AppOpenAd.load(
        context, AD_UNIT_ID, request,
        AppOpenAd.APP_OPEN_AD_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT,
        object : AppOpenAdLoadCallback() {

          override fun onAdLoaded(ad: AppOpenAd) {
            // Called when an app open ad has loaded.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Ad was loaded.")
            appOpenAd = ad
            isLoadingAd = false
            loadTime = Date().time
          }

          override fun onAdFailedToLoad(loadAdError: LoadAdError) {
            // Called when an app open ad has failed to load.
            Log.d(LOG_TAG, loadAdError.message)
            isLoadingAd = false;
          }
        })
  }
  ...

  private fun wasLoadTimeLessThanNHoursAgo(numHours: Long): Boolean {
    val dateDifference: Long = Date().time - loadTime
    val numMilliSecondsPerHour: Long = 3600000
    return dateDifference < numMilliSecondsPerHour * numHours
  }

  private fun isAdAvailable(): Boolean {
    return appOpenAd != null && wasLoadTimeLessThanNHoursAgo(4)
  }
}

冷启动和加载屏幕

到目前为止，本文档都假定您仅在以下情况下展示开屏广告：当应用在内存中暂停时，当用户在前台前台运行该应用。“冷启动”是指您的应用已启动，但之前未在内存中暂停过。

例如，当用户首次打开您的应用时，就属于冷启动。对于冷启动，您没有之前已加载且可立即展示的开屏广告。从您请求广告到收到广告返回之间的延迟，可能会产生这样的情况：用户能够短暂地使用您的应用，然后突然看到脱离上下文的广告感到惊讶。应避免这种情况，因为这样会造成糟糕的用户体验。

在冷启动时使用开屏广告的首选方法是使用加载屏幕加载游戏或应用素材资源，并且仅从加载屏幕展示广告。如果您的应用已加载完毕并将用户引导至应用的主要内容，请勿展示广告。

最佳实践

开屏广告可帮助您在应用首次启动和应用切换期间通过应用的加载屏幕变现，但请务必牢记最佳实践，让用户乐于使用您的应用。最佳做法是：

在用户使用几次您的应用后展示第一个开屏广告。
在用户等待应用加载时展示开屏广告。
如果开屏广告下方有加载屏幕，并且加载屏幕在广告关闭之前完成加载，您可能需要通过 onAdDismissedFullScreenContent() 方法关闭加载屏幕。

GitHub 上的示例

开屏广告示例： Java | Kotlin

后续步骤

请浏览以下主题：