概览
叠加层是 Google 图表之上的一个区域。它通常用于列出特定统计信息,但您可以随意使用,因为它只是 HTML 和 CSS。
简单用法涉及创建 CSS 类并在 HTML 中直接引用该类,无需使用 JavaScript。更高级的用途包括使用 Google 图表自定义叠加层的位置和内容。
简单示例
在第一个示例中,我们将完全避免使用 JavaScript,而直接在折线图上叠加一些文本:
此处,内部样式表定义了两个类,我们称之为 chartWithOverlay
和 overlay
。请注意,我们在 chartWithOverlay
中使用相对定位,在 overlay
中使用绝对定位。
然后,在网页的正文中,我们将 chartWithOverlay
用作容器,先将图表 (line-chart
) 放入 overlay
,
.chartWithOverlay { position: relative; width: 700px; } .overlay { width: 200px; height: 200px; position: absolute; top: 60px; /* chartArea top */ left: 180px; /* chartArea left */ }
<div class="chartWithOverlay"> <div id="line-chart" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div> <div class="overlay"> <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div> <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div> <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div> </div> </div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']}); google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart); function drawChart() { var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([ ['Threat', 'Attacks'], ['Chandrian', 38], ['Ghosts', 12], ['Ghouls', 6], ['UFOs', 44], ['Vampires', 28], ['Zombies', 88] ]); var options = { legend: 'none', colors: ['#760946'], vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } } }; var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart')); chart.draw(data, options); } </script>
<html> <head> <style> .chartWithOverlay { position: relative; width: 700px; } .overlay { width: 200px; height: 200px; position: absolute; top: 60px; /* chartArea top */ left: 180px; /* chartArea left */ } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']}); google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart); function drawChart() { var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([ ['Threat', 'Attacks'], ['Chandrian', 38], ['Ghosts', 12], ['Ghouls', 6], ['UFOs', 44], ['Vampires', 28], ['Zombies', 88] ]); var options = { legend: 'none', colors: ['#760946'], vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } } }; var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart')); chart.draw(data, options); } </script> </head> <body> <div class="chartWithOverlay"> <div id="line-chart" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div> <div class="overlay"> <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div> <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div> <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
相对于数据定位叠加层
有时,叠加层的最佳位置取决于数据在图表上的最终位置。例如,我们可能需要将图像放置在数据元素附近。
假设我们希望注意上图中的僵尸攻击次数。我们通过在行末插入可怕的僵尸头
其中一种方法是渲染图表并对坐标进行硬编码。这样可行,但每当图表数据发生变化时都需要进行更新。更为稳健的解决方案是,我们根据数据元素最终在屏幕上的位置放置叠加层。由于在图表完成渲染前无法知道该位置,因此我们将监听 ready
事件(在图表渲染完毕后调用),并使用 getXLocation
和 getYLocation
以编程方式访问坐标:
.chartWithMarkerOverlay { position: relative; width: 700px; } .overlay-text { width: 200px; height: 200px; position: absolute; top: 50px; /* chartArea top */ left: 200px; /* chartArea left */ } .overlay-marker { width: 50px; height: 50px; position: absolute; top: 53px; /* chartArea top */ left: 528px; /* chartArea left */ }
<div class="chartWithMarkerOverlay"> <div id="line-chart-marker" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div> <div class="overlay-text"> <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div> <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div> <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div> </div> <div class="overlay-marker"> <img src="https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/images/zombie_150.png" height="50"> </div> </div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']}); google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart); function drawChart() { var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([ ['Threat', 'Attacks'], ['Chandrian', 38], ['Ghosts', 12], ['Ghouls', 6], ['UFOs', 44], ['Vampires', 28], ['Zombies', 88] ]); var options = { legend: 'none', colors: ['#760946'], lineWidth: 4, vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } } }; function placeMarker(dataTable) { var cli = this.getChartLayoutInterface(); var chartArea = cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox(); // "Zombies" is element #5. document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.top = Math.floor(cli.getYLocation(dataTable.getValue(5, 1))) - 50 + "px"; document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.left = Math.floor(cli.getXLocation(5)) - 10 + "px"; }; var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart-marker')); google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'ready', placeMarker.bind(chart, data)); chart.draw(data, options); } </script>
<html> <head> <style> .chartWithMarkerOverlay { position: relative; width: 700px; } .overlay-text { width: 200px; height: 200px; position: absolute; top: 50px; /* chartArea top */ left: 200px; /* chartArea left */ } .overlay-marker { width: 50px; height: 50px; position: absolute; top: 53px; /* chartArea top */ left: 528px; /* chartArea left */ } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']}); google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart); function drawChart() { var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([ ['Threat', 'Attacks'], ['Chandrian', 38], ['Ghosts', 12], ['Ghouls', 6], ['UFOs', 44], ['Vampires', 28], ['Zombies', 88] ]); var options = { legend: 'none', colors: ['#760946'], lineWidth: 4, vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } } }; function placeMarker(dataTable) { var cli = this.getChartLayoutInterface(); var chartArea = cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox(); // "Zombies" is element #5. document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.top = Math.floor(cli.getYLocation(dataTable.getValue(5, 1))) - 50 + "px"; document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.left = Math.floor(cli.getXLocation(5)) - 10 + "px"; }; var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart-marker')); google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'ready', placeMarker.bind(chart, data)); chart.draw(data, options); } </script> </head> <body> <div class="chartWithMarkerOverlay"> <div id="line-chart-marker" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div> <div class="overlay-text"> <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div> <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div> <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div> </div> <div class="overlay-marker"> <img src="https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/images/zombie_150.png" height="50"> </div> </div> </body> </html>