Sentinel-5P OFFL SO2: Offline Sulfur Dioxide

Dataset Availability

2018-12-05T11:53:01Z–2024-12-17T08:25:39Z

Dataset Provider

European Union/ESA/Copernicus

Earth Engine Snippet

ee.ImageCollection("COPERNICUS/S5P/OFFL/L3_SO2")

Revisit Interval

2 Days

Tags

air-quality bira copernicus dlr esa eu pollution s5p sentinel so2 sulfur-dioxide tropomi

Description

OFFL/L3_SO2

This dataset provides offline high-resolution imagery of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO₂) concentrations.

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) enters the Earth's atmosphere through both natural and anthropogenic processes. It plays a role in chemistry on a local and global scale and its impact ranges from short-term pollution to effects on climate. Only about 30% of the emitted SO₂ comes from natural sources; the majority is of anthropogenic origin. SO₂ emissions adversely affect human health and air quality. SO₂ has an effect on climate through radiative forcing, via the formation of sulfate aerosols. Volcanic SO₂ emissions can also pose a threat to aviation, along with volcanic ash. S5P/TROPOMI samples the Earth's surface with a revisit time of one day with unprecedented spatial resolution of 3.5 x 7 km which allows the resolution of fine details including the detection of much smaller SO₂ plumes. More information.

For this L3 SO₂ product, the absorbing_aerosol_index is calculated with a pair of measurements at the 340 nm and 380 wavelengths. The COPERNICUS/S5P/OFFL/L3_AER_AI product has the absorbing_aerosol_index calculated using the 354 nm and 388 nm wavelengths.

OFFL L3 Product

To make our OFFL L3 products, we find areas within the product's bounding box with data using a command like this:

harpconvert --format hdf5 --hdf5-compression 9
-a 'SO2_column_number_density_validity>50;derive(datetime_stop {time})'
S5P_OFFL_L2__SO2____20181228T231131_20181229T005301_06265_01_010105_20190104T083244.nc
grid_info.h5

We then merge all the data into one large mosaic (area-averaging values for pixels that may have different values for different times). From the mosaic, we create a set of tiles containing orthorectified raster data.

The qa value is adjusted before running harpconvert to satisfy all of the following criteria:

• snow_ice < 0.5
• sulfurdioxide_total_air_mass_factor_polluted > 0.1
• sulfurdioxide_total_vertical_column > -0.001
• qa_value > 0.5
• cloud_fraction_crb < 0.3
• solar_zenith_angle < 60

The 15km SO2 band is ingested only when solar_zenith_angle < 70.

Example harpconvert invocation for one tile: harpconvert --format hdf5 --hdf5-compression 9 -a 'SO2_column_number_density_validity>50;derive(datetime_stop {time}); bin_spatial(2001, 50.000000, 0.01, 2001, -120.000000, 0.01); keep(SO2_column_number_density,SO2_column_number_density_amf, SO2_slant_column_number_density,absorbing_aerosol_index,cloud_fraction, sensor_altitude, sensor_azimuth_angle, sensor_zenith_angle,solar_azimuth_angle, solar_zenith_angle)' S5P_OFFL_L2__SO2____20181228T231131_20181229T005301_06265_01_010105_20190104T083244.nc output.h5

Sentinel-5 Precursor

Sentinel-5 Precursor is a satellite launched on 13 October 2017 by the European Space Agency to monitor air pollution. The onboard sensor is frequently referred to as Tropomi (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument).

All of the S5P datasets, except CH₄, have two versions: Near Real-Time (NRTI) and Offline (OFFL). CH₄ is available as OFFL only. The NRTI assets cover a smaller area than the OFFL assets, but appear more quickly after acquisition. The OFFL assets contain data from a single orbit (which, due to half the earth being dark, contains data only for a single hemisphere).

Because of noise on the data, negative vertical column values are often observed in particular over clean regions or for low SO2 emissions. It is recommended not to filter these values except for outliers, i.e. for vertical columns lower than -0.001 mol/m^2.

The original Sentinel 5P Level 2 (L2) data is binned by time, not by latitude/longitude. To make it possible to ingest the data into Earth Engine, each Sentinel 5P L2 product is converted to L3, keeping a single grid per orbit (that is, no aggregation across products is performed).

Source products spanning the antimeridian are ingested as two Earth Engine assets, with suffixes _1 and _2.

The conversion to L3 is done by the harpconvert tool using the bin_spatial operation. The source data is filtered to remove pixels with QA values less than:

• 80% for AER_AI
• 75% for the tropospheric_NO2_column_number_density band of NO2
• 50% for all other datasets except for O3 and SO2

The O3_TCL product is ingested directly (without running harpconvert).

Bands

Resolution
1113.2 meters

Bands

Name	Units	Min	Max	Description
SO2_column_number_density	mol/m^2	-0.4051*	0.2079*	SO2 vertical column density at ground level, calculated using the DOAS technique.
SO2_column_number_density_amf	mol/m^2	0.1*	3.387*	Weighted mean of cloudy and clear air mass factor (amf) weighted by intensity-weighted cloud fraction.
SO2_slant_column_number_density	mol/m^2	-0.14746*	0.16159*	SO2 ring corrected slant column number density
absorbing_aerosol_index		-11.733*	18.657*	A measure of the prevalence of aerosols in the atmosphere, calculated by this equation using the 340/380 wavelength pair.
cloud_fraction	Fraction	0*	1*	Effective cloud fraction. See the Sentinel 5P L2 Input/Output Data Definition Spec, p.220.
sensor_azimuth_angle	deg	-180*	180*	Azimuth angle of the satellite at the ground pixel location (WGS84); angle measured East-of-North.
sensor_zenith_angle	deg	0.098*	67*	Zenith angle of the satellite at the ground pixel location (WGS84); angle measured away from the vertical.
solar_azimuth_angle	deg	-180*	180*	Azimuth angle of the Sun at the ground pixel location (WGS84); angle measured East-of-North.
solar_zenith_angle	deg	8*	102*	Zenith angle of the satellite at the ground pixel location (WGS84); angle measured away from the vertical.
SO2_column_number_density_15km	mol/m^2			SO2 vertical column density at 15km, calculated using the DOAS technique.

* estimated min or max value

Image Properties

Image Properties

Name	Type	Description
ALGORITHM_VERSION	STRING	The algorithm version used in L2 processing. It is separate from the processor (framework) version, to accommodate different release schedules for different products.
BUILD_DATE	STRING	The date, expressed as milliseconds since 1 Jan 1970, when the software used to perform L2 processing was built.
HARP_VERSION	INT	The version of the HARP tool used to grid the L2 data into an L3 product.
INSTITUTION	STRING	The institution where data processing from L1 to L2 was performed.
L3_PROCESSING_TIME	INT	The date, expressed as milliseconds since 1 Jan 1970, when Google processed the L2 data into L3 using harpconvert.
LAT_MAX	DOUBLE	The maximum latitude of the asset (degrees).
LAT_MIN	DOUBLE	The minimum latitude of the asset (degrees).
LON_MAX	DOUBLE	The maximum longitude of the asset (degrees).
LON_MIN	DOUBLE	The minimum longitude of the asset (degrees).
ORBIT	INT	The orbit number of the satellite when the data was acquired.
PLATFORM	STRING	Name of the platform which acquired the data.
PROCESSING_STATUS	STRING	The processing status of the product on a global level, mainly based on the availability of auxiliary input data. Possible values are "Nominal" and "Degraded".
PROCESSOR_VERSION	STRING	The version of the software used for L2 processing, as a string of the form "major.minor.patch".
PRODUCT_ID	STRING	Id of the L2 product used to generate this asset.
PRODUCT_QUALITY	STRING	Indicator that specifies whether the product quality is degraded or not. Allowed values are "Degraded" and "Nominal".
SENSOR	STRING	Name of the sensor which acquired the data.
SPATIAL_RESOLUTION	STRING	Spatial resolution at nadir. For most products this is 3.5x7km2, except for L2__O3__PR, which uses 28x21km2, and L2__CO____ and L2__CH4___, which both use 7x7km2. This attribute originates from the CCI standard.
TIME_REFERENCE_DAYS_SINCE_1950	INT	Days from 1 Jan 1950 to when the data was acquired.
TIME_REFERENCE_JULIAN_DAY	DOUBLE	The Julian day number when the data was acquired.
TRACKING_ID	STRING	UUID for the L2 product file.

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

The use of Sentinel data is governed by the Copernicus Sentinel Data Terms and Conditions.

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Code Editor (JavaScript)

var collection = ee.ImageCollection('COPERNICUS/S5P/OFFL/L3_SO2')
  .select('SO2_column_number_density')
  .filterDate('2019-06-01', '2019-06-11');

var band_viz = {
  min: 0.0,
  max: 0.0005,
  palette: ['black', 'blue', 'purple', 'cyan', 'green', 'yellow', 'red']
};

Map.addLayer(collection.mean(), band_viz, 'S5P SO2');
Map.setCenter(0.0, 0.0, 2);

Open in Code Editor

Sentinel-5P OFFL SO2: Offline Sulfur Dioxide

OFFL/L3_SO2 This dataset provides offline high-resolution imagery of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) enters the Earth's atmosphere through both natural and anthropogenic processes. It plays a role in chemistry on a local and global scale and its impact ranges from short-term pollution to effects on climate. Only …

COPERNICUS/S5P/OFFL/L3_SO2, air-quality,bira,copernicus,dlr,esa,eu,pollution,s5p,sentinel,so2,sulfur-dioxide,tropomi

2018-12-05T11:53:01Z/2024-12-17T08:25:39Z

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