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info
This dataset is part of a Publisher Catalog, and not managed by Google Earth Engine.
Contact biosphere-models@google.com
for bugs or view more datasets
from the Nature Trace Catalog. Learn more about Publisher datasets.
The Farmscapes 2020 dataset provides high-resolution (25cm) probability maps
for three key semi-natural features within England's agricultural
landscapes: hedgerows, woodland, and stone walls. This dataset was developed
in collaboration with the Oxford Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery to
serve as a baseline for applications including landscape restoration,
biodiversity monitoring, and ecological connectivity analysis.
The dataset was generated by applying a vision transformer model to a mosaic
of high-resolution aerial imagery, trained using a large corpus of
human-annotated labels. The output consists of three distinct probability
layers, one for each feature class. This probabilistic format allows users
to apply custom thresholds to generate binary feature maps tailored to their
specific analytical requirements.
Limitations
Geographic Scope: Model performance is reduced in dense urban
environments and montainous areas, which were underrepresented in the
training data that focused primarily on rural landscapes.
Temporal Accuracy: The source imagery was captured between 2018 and 2020.
Consequently, the dataset does not account for landscape changes that have
occurred since this period.
Class-Specific performance: The stone wall class exhibits lower
accuracy compared to woodland and hedgerows, a result of
significant class imbalance in the training data.
Europe Dataset
In addition to the primary dataset for England, a preliminary version has
been generated at a European scale. This dataset has not been subjected to
the same quantitative validation and should be considered experimental.
It is possible to request access to this dataset by submitting
this form.
Bands
Pixel Size 0.25 meters
Bands
Name
Min
Max
Scale
Pixel Size
Description
B0
0
250
0.004
meters
Hedgerow probability (scaled to [0-250]).
B1
0
250
0.004
meters
Stone wall probability (scaled to [0-250]).
B2
0
250
0.004
meters
Woodland/tree probability (scaled to [0-250]).
Terms of Use
Terms of Use
This dataset is licensed under
CC-BY-NC 4.0 and requires
the following attribution: "This dataset is produced by Google".
Citations
Citations:
Michelangelo Conserva, Alex Wilson, Charlotte Stanton, Vishal Batchu, Varun
Gulshan , "Mapping Farmed Landscapes from Remote Sensing" (in review).
doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.13993,
The Farmscapes 2020 dataset provides high-resolution (25cm) probability maps for three key semi-natural features within England's agricultural landscapes: hedgerows, woodland, and stone walls. This dataset was developed in collaboration with the Oxford Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery to serve as a baseline for applications including landscape restoration, biodiversity monitoring, and …
[null,null,[],[],[],null,["# Farmscapes 2020\n\ninfo\n\n\nThis dataset is part of a Publisher Catalog, and not managed by Google Earth Engine.\n\nContact biosphere-models@google.com\n\nfor bugs or [view more datasets](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/publisher/nature-trace)\nfrom the Nature Trace Catalog. [Learn more about Publisher datasets](/earth-engine/datasets/publisher). \n[](https://deepmind.google) \n\nCatalog Owner\n: Nature Trace\n\nDataset Availability\n: 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z--2020-12-31T23:59:59Z\n\nDataset Provider\n:\n\n\n [Google](https://research.google/)\n\nTags\n:\n [biodiversity](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/biodiversity) [climate](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/climate) [conservation](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/conservation) [forest](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/forest) [landuse-landcover](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/landuse-landcover) [nature-trace](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/nature-trace) [publisher-dataset](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/publisher-dataset) \necological-connectivity \n\n#### Description\n\nThe Farmscapes 2020 dataset provides high-resolution (25cm) probability maps\nfor three key semi-natural features within England's agricultural\nlandscapes: hedgerows, woodland, and stone walls. This dataset was developed\nin collaboration with the Oxford Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery to\nserve as a baseline for applications including landscape restoration,\nbiodiversity monitoring, and ecological connectivity analysis.\n\nThe dataset was generated by applying a vision transformer model to a mosaic\nof high-resolution aerial imagery, trained using a large corpus of\nhuman-annotated labels. The output consists of three distinct probability\nlayers, one for each feature class. This probabilistic format allows users\nto apply custom thresholds to generate binary feature maps tailored to their\nspecific analytical requirements.\n\n**Limitations**\n\n- Geographic Scope: Model performance is reduced in dense urban environments and montainous areas, which were underrepresented in the training data that focused primarily on rural landscapes.\n- Temporal Accuracy: The source imagery was captured between 2018 and 2020. Consequently, the dataset does not account for landscape changes that have occurred since this period.\n- Class-Specific performance: The stone wall class exhibits lower accuracy compared to woodland and hedgerows, a result of significant class imbalance in the training data.\n\n**Europe Dataset**\n\nIn addition to the primary dataset for England, a preliminary version has\nbeen generated at a European scale. This dataset has not been subjected to\nthe same quantitative validation and should be considered experimental.\nIt is possible to request access to this dataset by submitting\n[this form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfokil1-UFfTxvVhihLx9W3-K51o900VF4ACqkwG1jYmP0W8g/viewform).\n\n### Bands\n\n\n**Pixel Size**\n\n0.25 meters\n\n**Bands**\n\n| Name | Min | Max | Scale | Pixel Size | Description |\n|------|-----|-----|-------|------------|--------------------------------------------------|\n| `B0` | 0 | 250 | 0.004 | meters | Hedgerow probability (scaled to \\[0-250\\]). |\n| `B1` | 0 | 250 | 0.004 | meters | Stone wall probability (scaled to \\[0-250\\]). |\n| `B2` | 0 | 250 | 0.004 | meters | Woodland/tree probability (scaled to \\[0-250\\]). |\n\n### Terms of Use\n\n**Terms of Use**\n\nThis dataset is licensed under\n[CC-BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) and requires\nthe following attribution: \"This dataset is produced by Google\".\n\n### Citations\n\nCitations:\n\n- Michelangelo Conserva, Alex Wilson, Charlotte Stanton, Vishal Batchu, Varun\n Gulshan , \"Mapping Farmed Landscapes from Remote Sensing\" (in review).\n [doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.13993](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.13993),\n\n### Explore with Earth Engine\n\n| **Important:** Earth Engine is a platform for petabyte-scale scientific analysis and visualization of geospatial datasets, both for public benefit and for business and government users. Earth Engine is free to use for research, education, and nonprofit use. To get started, please [register for Earth Engine access.](https://console.cloud.google.com/earth-engine)\n\n### Code Editor (JavaScript)\n\n```javascript\nvar farmscapes =\n ee.ImageCollection('projects/nature-trace/assets/farmscapes/england_v1_0')\n .mosaic();\nMap.addLayer(farmscapes, {}, 'Raw probs', false);\n\nvar stone_wall = farmscapes.select(['B1']);\nstone_wall = stone_wall.updateMask(stone_wall.gt(250 / 4));\nMap.addLayer(\n stone_wall, {palette: ['FFFFFF', '00FFFF'], min: 0, max: 250},\n 'Stone wall');\n\nvar hedgerow = farmscapes.select(['B0']);\nhedgerow = hedgerow.updateMask(hedgerow.gt(250 / 4));\nMap.addLayer(\n hedgerow, {palette: ['FFFFFF', 'c71585'], min: 0, max: 250}, 'Hedgerow');\n\nvar woodland = farmscapes.select(['B2']);\nwoodland = woodland.updateMask(woodland.gt(250 / 4));\nMap.addLayer(\n woodland, {palette: ['FFFFFF', '06402B'], min: 0, max: 250}, 'Woodland');\n\nvar lon = -1.43;\nvar lat = 52.973;\nMap.setCenter(lon, lat, 15);\n```\n[Open in Code Editor](https://code.earthengine.google.com/?scriptPath=Examples:Datasets/nature-trace/projects_nature-trace_assets_farmscapes_england_v1_0) \n[Farmscapes 2020](/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/projects_nature-trace_assets_farmscapes_england_v1_0) \nThe Farmscapes 2020 dataset provides high-resolution (25cm) probability maps for three key semi-natural features within England's agricultural landscapes: hedgerows, woodland, and stone walls. This dataset was developed in collaboration with the Oxford Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery to serve as a baseline for applications including landscape restoration, biodiversity monitoring, and ... \nprojects/nature-trace/assets/farmscapes/england_v1_0, biodiversity,climate,conservation,forest,landuse-landcover,nature-trace,publisher-dataset \n2018-01-01T00:00:00Z/2020-12-31T23:59:59Z \n-90 -180 90 180 \nGoogle Earth Engine \nhttps://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets\n\n- [](https://doi.org/https://research.google/)\n- [](https://doi.org/https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/projects_nature-trace_assets_farmscapes_england_v1_0)"]]
