本指南說明路線最佳化解決方案中提供的車輛數量，可能會因要求參數而有所不同。
Route Optimization API 不僅可最佳化出貨作業，還會將這些貨件指派給車輛，以便在您管理的限制下達到最佳成本效益。
在第一個範例中，車輛數量與運送數量相符，且所有車輛的費用和地點屬性都相同。每輛車都有每小時費用和每行移動公里的費用，有助於縮短交通時間和距離。其中一份可能會預期多輛車指派出貨，但範例回應會根據指定的費用模型參數，顯示最低費用的解決方案。
查看多輛車的要求範例
{
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s"
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s"
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 5.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s"
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 50.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
},
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 50.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
},
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 50.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
查看對多輛車的要求回應
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:55Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:21:21Z",
"detour": "572s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "235s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 795,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "235s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:05:00Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "496s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1893,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "496s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:05Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "171s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 665,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "171s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:25:31Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "902s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1702s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3353
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889
},
"routeTotalCost": 57.168888888888887
},
{
"vehicleIndex": 1
},
{
"vehicleIndex": 2
}
],
"skippedShipments": [
{
"index": 1
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "902s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1702s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3353
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z",
"totalCost": 62.168888888888887,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889,
"model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53
}
}
}
儘管有充足的車輛可供使用，解題工具會將所有貨物都指派給一輛車，而略過一件運送程序。這是因為額外車輛的營運成本過高，無法合理化，而且由於「任何」車輛的罰金成本較低，完成略過的運送動作並不符合成本效益。儘管有車輛可供貨，但一輛車都能以最符合成本效益的方式執行所有指派的運送產品。要求中的車輛並未設定 usedIfRouteIsEmpty 屬性 (詳情請參閱 Vehicle 訊息說明文件 (REST、gRPC))，因此如果未使用，就不會產生任何費用。
變更費用參數，優先使用全球較短的解決方案，而非個別較短的車輛路線，可讓更多車輛參與解決方案。下一個要求範例會將 Vehicle.costPerHour 替換為全域 ShipmentModel.globalDurationCostPerHour，並優先處理任何特定車輛在運作期間總計較短的解決方案。此外，shipment[1] 的處分成本也會提高，以降低遭到略過的可能性。
查看使用 globalDurationCostPerHour 的要求範例
{
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00",
"globalDurationCostPerHour": 150.0,
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s"
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s"
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 75.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s"
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
},
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
},
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
結果顯示，如果使用全球每小時費用參數，就會變成全部三輛車，而非只使用一輛車。
使用 globalDurationCostPerHour 查看要求的回應
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:20Z",
"visits": [
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:09:19Z",
"detour": "0s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "409s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "409s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "171s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 665,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "171s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:29Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 1,
"travelDuration": "580s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "400s",
"totalDuration": "980s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 2036
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.36
},
"routeTotalCost": 20.36
},
{
"vehicleIndex": 1,
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z",
"visits": [
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:24Z",
"detour": "0s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "354s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1192,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "354s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "380s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1190,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "380s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:12:34Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 1,
"travelDuration": "734s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "400s",
"totalDuration": "1134s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 2382
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 23.82
},
"routeTotalCost": 23.82
},
{
"vehicleIndex": 2,
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:14Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:06:25Z",
"detour": "0s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "235s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 795,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "235s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "339s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "339s",
"startTime": "2023-01-14T00:10:35Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 1,
"travelDuration": "574s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "400s",
"totalDuration": "974s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 2071
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.71
},
"routeTotalCost": 20.71
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "1888s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "3088s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 6489
},
"usedVehicleCount": 3,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z",
"totalCost": 112.14,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 64.89,
"model.global_duration_cost_per_hour": 47.25
}
}
}
在這個回應中，全部三輛車都使用了 (每 metrics.usedVehicleCount) 且每輛車都被指派一件貨件才能完成。如果起點、終點和 costPerKilometer 都相同，三輛車都能有效交替使用，因此無論指派給哪台車輛都沒有影響。
globalDurationCostPerHour 會導致最佳化工具找出整體更短的解決方案：earliestVehicleStartTime 和 latestVehicleEndTime 的差異只有 18 分 54 秒，與上一次回應中的 28 分鐘和 22 秒相比。也就是說，metrics.costs.model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer 有所增加，反映出三輛二手車的總移動距離有所增加。這就是使用費用模型讓您做出「抵銷」的一種方式：
- 全球時間成本提高：提高車輛使用率以縮短整體完成時間，但會增加車輛距離和交通時間。
- 提高車輛時間成本：降低車輛使用率和搭乘交通時間，但整體解決方案花費較長。
請注意，在這個範例中，globalDurationCostPerHour 值 150.0 設為三倍，從上一個範例中個別車輛的 costPerHour 設為 50.0。這個全球成本值實際上預期三輛車會同時運作，但在實際環境中，假設這類假設可能無法反映實際情況，實際上也會對結果品質造成負面影響。
如費用模式參數一文所述，所有費用參數會以相同的無維度單位表示，但意義可能會截然不同。一般來說，費用模型參數值應盡可能以實際為基準，因為這個範例中的人工成本可能會導致 API 針對不符合您意圖的目標進行最佳化。