本指南說明路線最佳化解決方案中提供的車輛數量，會因要求參數而有所不同。
Route Optimization API 不僅可最佳化貨物完成訂單，還能將這些貨物指派給車輛，以便在您管理的限制下，盡可能降低成本。
在第一個範例中，車輛數量與出貨數量相符，且所有車輛都共用相同的費用和地點屬性。每輛車輛都有每小時運作費用和每公里行駛費用，有助於盡可能縮短行駛時間和距離。有人可能會預期會指派多輛車輛運送貨物，但範例回應會根據指定的成本模型參數，顯示最便宜的解決方案。
查看含有多輛車輛的示例要求
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 5.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
查看針對多輛車輛提出要求的回應
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:55Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:21:21Z", "detour": "572s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:05:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "496s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1893, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "496s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:25:31Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889 }, "routeTotalCost": 57.168888888888887 }, { "vehicleIndex": 1 }, { "vehicleIndex": 2 } ], "skippedShipments": [ { "index": 1 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "totalCost": 62.168888888888887, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889, "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53 } } }
解決方案會將所有貨件指派給一輛車輛，因此會略過一筆貨件，即使有充足的車輛可用。這是因為額外車輛的運作成本過高，且由於罰款成本偏低，因此任何車輛都無法以經濟實惠的方式完成漏送的運送作業。即使有可用的車輛容量，一輛車輛仍可以最具成本效益的方式執行所有指派的貨運。要求中的車輛沒有 usedIfRouteIsEmpty 屬性集 (詳情請參閱 Vehicle 訊息說明文件 (REST、gRPC))，因此如果未使用，則不會產生費用。
變更成本參數，將優先順序改為「整體較短的解決方案」，而非「個別較短的車輛路線」，會導致更多車輛參與解決方案。下一個範例要求會將 Vehicle.costPerHour 替換為全域 ShipmentModel.globalDurationCostPerHour，優先處理任何指定車輛的總運作時間較短的解決方案。shipment[1]的懲罰費用也會增加，以降低被略過的可能性。
請參閱使用 globalDurationCostPerHour 的示例要求
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "globalDurationCostPerHour": 150.0, "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 75.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
結果顯示，使用全域每小時成本參數後，系統會使用所有三輛車，而非只使用一輛。
使用 globalDurationCostPerHour 查看要求的回應
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:20Z", "visits": [ { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:09:19Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "409s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1371, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "409s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:29Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "580s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "980s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2036 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.36 }, "routeTotalCost": 20.36 }, { "vehicleIndex": 1, "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z", "visits": [ { "shipmentIndex": 1, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:24Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "354s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1192, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "354s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "380s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1190, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "380s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:12:34Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "734s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "1134s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2382 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 23.82 }, "routeTotalCost": 23.82 }, { "vehicleIndex": 2, "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:14Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:06:25Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "339s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1276, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "339s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:10:35Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "574s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "974s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2071 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.71 }, "routeTotalCost": 20.71 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "1888s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "3088s", "travelDistanceMeters": 6489 }, "usedVehicleCount": 3, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z", "totalCost": 112.14, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 64.89, "model.global_duration_cost_per_hour": 47.25 } } }
在這個回應中，所有三輛車都處於使用中 (每輛車一個 metrics.usedVehicleCount)，且每輛車都會分配一筆要完成的運送任務。由於三輛車輛的起點、終點和 costPerKilometer 都相同，因此三輛車輛可互換使用，因此無論哪一筆出貨作業指派給哪一輛車輛都沒關係。
globalDurationCostPerHour 會讓最佳化工具找到整體時間較短的解決方案：earliestVehicleStartTime 和 latestVehicleEndTime 之間的差異只有 18 分 54 秒，而非先前回應中的 28 分 22 秒。不過，metrics.costs.model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer 的數值會增加，反映出三輛二手車的總行駛里程數增加。以下示範成本模型讓您做出取捨的一種方式：
- 整體時間成本增加：增加車輛使用率，盡可能縮短整體完成時間，但會增加車輛行駛距離和車輛在途中花費的時間。
- 增加車輛時間成本：降低車輛使用率和車輛在路上的時間，但整體解決方案的時間會變長。
請注意，這個範例中的 globalDurationCostPerHour 值 150.0 是設定為個別車輛 costPerHour 的 50.0 的三倍，如前一個範例所示。這個全域成本值實際上預期三輛車輛會同時運作，但在實際設定中，這類假設可能無法反映現實，甚至可能會對結果品質造成負面影響。
如費用模型參數所述，所有費用參數都以相同的無量綱單位表示，但可能具有截然不同的意義。通常，費用模型參數值應盡可能以實際情況為依據，因為這類似於本例中的人為費用，可能會導致 API 為不符合您意圖的目標進行最佳化。