費用模式參數

OptimizeToursRequest 訊息 (RESTgRPC) 包含多個與費用相關的屬性。這些費用參數總計代表要求的費用模式。費用模型會擷取要求的許多高階最佳化目標,例如:

  • 優先採用速度更快的 Vehicle 路線,而非短路線或其他路線
  • 判斷交付 Shipment 的費用是否值得 Shipment 的完成價值
  • 只在這段時間內執行取貨和配送作業時,才符合成本效益

查看費用範例

{
  "model": {
    "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00",
    "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00",
    "shipments": [
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789456,
              "longitude": -122.390192
            },
            "duration": "250s"
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 100.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789116,
              "longitude": -122.395080
            },
            "duration": "250s"
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 5.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.795242,
              "longitude": -122.399347
            },
            "duration": "250s"
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 50.0
      }
    ],
    "vehicles": [
      {
        "endLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "startLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "costPerHour": 40.0,
        "costPerKilometer": 10.0
      }
    ]
  }
}
    

Vehicle 項費用屬性

Vehicle 訊息 (RESTgRPC) 有多個費用屬性:

  • Vehicle.cost_per_hour:代表車輛每小時的營運費用,包括大眾運輸、等待時間、造訪和休息時間。
  • Vehicle.cost_per_kilometer:代表車輛行經的每公里費用,
  • Vehicle.cost_per_traveled_hour:代表僅限在運輸途期間營運的車輛費用,但不包括等候時間、拜訪和休息時間。

這些成本參數可讓最佳化器進行時間與旅行距離的取捨。最佳化路徑產生的費用會在回應訊息中顯示為 metrics.costs

隨著 costPerHour 增加,最佳化工具會嘗試尋找「更快」路徑可能不是「最短」路徑。在本例中,最快路線的行駛時間最短,因此變更費用參數的效果微乎其微。

Shipment 項費用屬性

Shipment 訊息 (RESTgRPC) 也有多個費用參數:

  • Shipment.penalty_cost 代表「略過」運送作業產生的費用。
  • Shipment.VisitRequest.cost 代表特定自取或外送服務的費用,主要用來讓單件出貨或運送方式之間的成本取捨。

Shipment 費用參數使用的無維度單位與 Vehicle 費用參數相同。完成 Shipment 所產生的費用超過罰款,Shipment 不會納入任何 Vehicle 的路徑中,而是顯示於回應訊息的 skipped_shipments 清單中。

ShipmentModel 項費用屬性

ShipmentModel 訊息 (RESTgRPC) 包含單一費用屬性 globalDurationCostPerHour。這筆費用是根據所有車輛完成 ShipmentRoute 所需的總時間計算而得。增加 globalDurationCostPerHour 會優先處理所有出貨作業。

路線最佳化回應成本屬性

OptimizeToursResponse 訊息 (RESTgRPC) 具有費用屬性,代表完成 ShipmentRoute 的過程中產生的費用。metrics.costsmetrics.totalCost 屬性代表回應中所有路徑產生的費用單位數。每個 routes 項目都有 routeCostsrouteTotalCosts 屬性,代表特定路線的費用。

查看費用和費用範例的回應

{
  "routes": [
    {
      "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
      "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z",
      "visits": [
        {
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
          "detour": "0s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z",
          "detour": "150s"
        },
        {
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:55Z",
          "detour": "150s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:21:21Z",
          "detour": "572s"
        }
      ],
      "transitions": [
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "235s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 795,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "235s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:05:00Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "496s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1893,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "496s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:05Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "171s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 665,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "171s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:25:31Z"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": {
        "performedShipmentCount": 2,
        "travelDuration": "902s",
        "waitDuration": "0s",
        "delayDuration": "0s",
        "breakDuration": "0s",
        "visitDuration": "800s",
        "totalDuration": "1702s",
        "travelDistanceMeters": 3353
      },
      "routeCosts": {
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53,
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111
      },
      "routeTotalCost": 52.441111111111113
    }
  ],
  "skippedShipments": [
    {
      "index": 1
    }
  ],
  "metrics": {
    "aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
      "performedShipmentCount": 2,
      "travelDuration": "902s",
      "waitDuration": "0s",
      "delayDuration": "0s",
      "breakDuration": "0s",
      "visitDuration": "800s",
      "totalDuration": "1702s",
      "travelDistanceMeters": 3353
    },
    "usedVehicleCount": 1,
    "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z",
    "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z",
    "totalCost": 57.441111111111113,
    "costs": {
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53,
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111,
      "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5
    }
  }
}
    

在回應範例中,頂層 metrics.costs 為:

{
  "metrics": {
    ...
    "costs": {
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 18.911111111111111,
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53,
      "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5
    }
  }
}

model.shipments.penalty_cost 值代表因為出貨而產生的費用。skippedShipments 屬性會列出遭到略過的運送資訊。

在本例中,系統只會略過範例要求中的 model.shipments[1]model.shipments[1] 的罰金為 5 個單位,與範例回應中的 model.shipments.penalty_cost 總鍵相符。與 Vehicle 的 40.0 costPerHour 和 10.0 costPerKilometer 相比,貨物的 penaltyCost 低廉,因此跳過運送會比完成送貨更符合成本效益。

進階主題:費用與軟限制

多個 OptimizeToursRequest 訊息 (RESTgRPC) 屬性代表軟性限制,也就是在無法滿足這類限制時就會產生費用的限制。

舉例來說,車輛 LoadLimit (RESTgRPC) 限制具有 softMaxLoadcostPerUnitAboveSoftMax 屬性。而這些項目產生的費用,則與超過 softMaxLoad 的負載單位成正比。只有在費用的角度合理的情況下,才不會超出限制。

同樣地,TimeWindow 限制 (RESTgRPC) 具有 soft_start_timesoft_end_time 屬性,其對應的 cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_timecost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time 是根據受限制事件發生 TimeWindow 的早期或延遲而產生。

如同所有費用模式參數,軟體限制費用會以與其他費用參數相同的無維度單位表示。

請參閱載入需求和限制一文,詳細瞭解 LoadLimit 限制條件。請參閱「取貨和運送時間視窗限制」一文,詳細瞭解 TimeWindow 限制。