事实核查 (ClaimReview) 结构化数据
如果您的某个网页会对他人的声明进行审核，您可以在该网页中添加 ClaimReview 结构化数据。使用 ClaimReview 结构化数据后，当您的网页出现在与该声明相关的 Google 搜索结果中时，系统可以在搜索结果中显示您的事实核查的摘要版本。
本指南详细介绍了实施 ClaimReview 结构化数据的方法。如果您不想手动添加结构化数据，可以考虑使用事实核查标记工具。有关详情，请访问事实核查标记工具简介。
How to add structured data
Structured data is a standardized format for providing information about a page and classifying the page content. If you're new to structured data, you can learn more about how structured data works.
Here's an overview of how to build, test, and release structured data.
- Add the required properties. Based on the format you're using, learn where to insert structured data on the page.
- Follow the guidelines.
- Validate your code using the Rich Results Test and fix any critical errors. Consider also fixing any non-critical issues that may be flagged in the tool, as they can help improve the quality of your structured data (however, this isn't necessary to be eligible for rich results).
- Deploy a few pages that include your structured data and use the URL Inspection tool to test how Google sees the page. Be sure that your page is
accessible to Google and not blocked by a robots.txt file, the
noindextag, or login requirements. If the page looks okay, you can ask Google to recrawl your URLs. - To keep Google informed of future changes, we recommend that you submit a sitemap. You can automate this with the Search Console Sitemap API.
示例
假设某个网页对“地球是平的”这项声明进行评估。如果该网页中提供了 ClaimReview 元素，那么当用户搜索“地球是平的”时，Google 搜索结果可能会如下所示（请注意，实际的视觉设计可能会有所不同）：
下面是一个在托管此项事实核查的网页中出现的结构化数据示例：
<html>
<head>
<title>The world is flat</title>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "ClaimReview",
"url": "https://example.com/news/science/worldisflat.html",
"claimReviewed": "The world is flat",
"itemReviewed": {
"@type": "Claim",
"author": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Square World Society",
"sameAs": "https://example.flatworlders.com/we-know-that-the-world-is-flat"
},
"datePublished": "2024-06-20",
"appearance": {
"@type": "OpinionNewsArticle",
"url": "https://example.com/news/a122121",
"headline": "Square Earth - Flat earthers for the Internet age",
"datePublished": "2024-06-22",
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "T. Tellar"
},
"image": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Skeptical News",
"logo": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https://example.com/logo.jpg"
}
}
}
},
"author": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Example.com science watch"
},
"reviewRating": {
"@type": "Rating",
"ratingValue": "1",
"bestRating": "5",
"worstRating": "1",
"alternateName": "False"
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
资格要求指南
Google 不保证事实核查一定会显示在搜索结果中，即使富媒体搜索结果测试显示您的网页已正确地添加标记，也是如此。使用结构化数据使相应功能可以显示，但并不保证一定会显示。Google 算法会程序化地判断事实核查富媒体搜索结果是否可以显示，判断依据有多种，包括以下指南。
若要让您的事实核查内容能够在 Google 搜索中显示为事实核查富媒体搜索结果，您必须遵循以下指南：
- 您的网站必须有多个使用
ClaimReview结构化数据标记的网页。 - 您必须遵循所有结构化数据指南和 Search Essentials 要求。
- 结构化数据和网页内容不得有任何不一致的地方（例如，结构化数据表明声明为真，但网页上的内容却表明声明为假）。请确保内容与结构化数据一致（例如，两者都表明声明为真）。
- 您必须遵循 Google 新闻政策中针对问责制、透明度、可读性设定的标准，并确保网站中不含虚假陈述内容。
- 您必须制定一项纠正政策，或为用户提供一种报告错误的机制。
- 政治实体（例如，竞选活动、政党或民选官员）的网站不符合使用此功能的条件。
- 您的读者需可以轻松辨别报道正文中的声明和事实核查内容，并了解哪些内容经过了核查，以及核查后得出的结论。
- 您必须明确指明您所评估的特定声明的来源，可以是其他网站、公开声明、社交媒体或其他可跟踪的来源，但不能是您的网站。
- 您的事实核查分析必须可追踪并清楚说明资料来源和所用方法，主要资料来源还需注明引用和参考信息。
技术指南
- 若要显示为单条事实核查富媒体搜索结果，一个网页必须只包含一个
ClaimReview元素。如果您为一个网页添加多个ClaimReview元素，那么该网页将无法显示为单条事实核查富媒体搜索结果。 - 托管
ClaimReview元素的网页如果不提供完整的事实核查与评估内容，则必须至少提供简短的摘要。 - 特定
ClaimReview只能存在于您网站上的一个网页中。请不要在多个网页中重复同一事实核查，除非这些网页是同一个网页的变体（例如，您可以在一个网页的移动版和桌面版上发布相同的ClaimReview）。 - 如果您的网站对事实核查报道进行汇总，请确保所有报道都符合条件，并且您要提供一个可公开访问的列表，在其中列出您所汇总的事实核查报道的所有来源网站。
结构化数据类型定义
以下是实施事实核查所必需的结构化数据类型：
若要使您的内容能够显示为富媒体搜索结果，您必须为其添加必需的属性。您还可添加建议属性，以便添加与内容相关的更多信息，进而提供更优质的用户体验。
ClaimReview
如需了解 ClaimReview 的完整定义，请访问 schema.org/ClaimReview。
Google 支持的属性如下：
| 必需的属性 | |
|---|---|
claimReviewed |
所评估声明的简短摘要。尽量少于 75 个字符，以便在移动设备上显示时最大限度地减少换行。 |
reviewRating |
对声明的评估。该对象既支持数字评估，也支持文字评估。目前，仅文字值会显示在搜索结果中。 不同的事实核查项目具有各种不同的评分标准，这些标准可能会有细微差别，特别是在中间值方面。所以，请务必记录此类评分标准，说明数字评分的含义。您至少要针对所有带数字分值的事实核查提供一个将数字转换为文字的评分体系。
有关详情，请参阅 Rating。 |
url |
指向事实核查完整报道托管网页的链接。 此网址值的网域必须与托管此 |
| 建议属性 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
author |
事实核查报道的发布商，而非声明的发布商。
为了帮助 Google 更好地了解各种功能中的作者，应该遵循作者标记最佳实践。 |
||||
itemReviewed |
一个对象，用于说明所做的声明。有关详情，请参阅 |
||||
Claim
如需了解 Claim 的完整定义，请访问 schema.org/Claim。
| 建议属性 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
appearance |
指向显示此声明的 我们建议您添加 |
||||
author |
声明的创建者，而非事实核查的创建者。如果声明没有创建者，请勿添加
|
||||
datePublished |
做出声明的日期或声明成为公众话题（例如，成为社交网络中的热门话题时）的日期。 |
||||
firstAppearance |
指向最早显示此声明的 我们建议您添加 |
||||
Rating
如需了解 Rating 的完整定义，请访问 schema.org/Rating。
| 必要属性 | |
|---|---|
alternateName |
为 如果要使用较长的句子，请确保在句子开头将意思表达清楚，以防句子为了适应屏幕而被截断。例如：“细节上大部分属实，不过整体声明有一定的误导性” |
| 建议属性 | |
|---|---|
bestRating |
用于数字评分，表示最差到最佳评分范围内可能的最佳值。该值必须大于 |
name |
与 |
ratingValue |
声明的数字评分，介于 |
worstRating |
用于数字评分，表示最差到最佳评分范围内可能的最差值。该值必须小于 |
Monitor rich results with Search Console
Search Console is a tool that helps you monitor how your pages perform in Google Search. You don't have to sign up for Search Console to be included in Google Search results, but it can help you understand and improve how Google sees your site. We recommend checking Search Console in the following cases:
- After deploying structured data for the first time
- After releasing new templates or updating your code
- Analyzing traffic periodically
After deploying structured data for the first time
After Google has indexed your pages, look for issues using the relevant Rich result status report. Ideally, there will be an increase of valid items, and no increase in invalid items. If you find issues in your structured data:
- Fix the invalid items.
- Inspect a live URL to check if the issue persists.
- Request validation using the status report.
After releasing new templates or updating your code
When you make significant changes to your website, monitor for increases in structured data invalid items.- If you see an increase in invalid items, perhaps you rolled out a new template that doesn't work, or your site interacts with the existing template in a new and bad way.
- If you see a decrease in valid items (not matched by an increase in invalid items), perhaps you are no longer embedding structured data in your pages. Use the URL Inspection tool to learn what is causing the issue.
Analyzing traffic periodically
Analyze your Google Search traffic using the Performance Report. The data will show you how often your page appears as a rich result in Search, how often users click on it and what is the average position you appear on search results. You can also automatically pull these results with the Search Console API.Troubleshooting
If you're having trouble implementing or debugging structured data, here are some resources that may help you.
- If you're using a content management system (CMS) or someone else is taking care of your site, ask them to help you. Make sure to forward any Search Console message that details the issue to them.
- Google does not guarantee that features that consume structured data will show up in search results. For a list of common reasons why Google may not show your content in a rich result, see the General Structured Data Guidelines.
- You might have an error in your structured data. Check the list of structured data errors and the Unparsable structured data report.
- If you received a structured data manual action against your page, the structured data on the page will be ignored (although the page can still appear in Google Search results). To fix structured data issues, use the Manual Actions report.
- Review the guidelines again to identify if your content isn't compliant with the guidelines. The problem can be caused by either spammy content or spammy markup usage. However, the issue may not be a syntax issue, and so the Rich Results Test won't be able to identify these issues.
- Troubleshoot missing rich results / drop in total rich results.
- Allow time for re-crawling and re-indexing. Remember that it may take several days after publishing a page for Google to find and crawl it. For general questions about crawling and indexing, check the Google Search crawling and indexing FAQ.
- Post a question in the Google Search Central forum.