自动执行 Android 发送者界面测试

测试应用是 Cast 开发流程中不可或缺的一环。您的应用 应符合 Cast UX 准则和设计 核对清单，确保 获得一致的 Cast 体验。

对于 Android 应用，请利用用户界面 Automator 和 Espresso 测试 框架来模拟用户在应用中的互动，并在 Android Studio 中 自动化和可重复的方式。如需详细了解自动化界面测试，请参阅自动执行界面测试。

本指南介绍了如何向 Android 发送端应用添加自动化界面测试。

注意： 此外，以下工具中也提供了 Cast 测试用例示例： GitHub CastVideos-android 示例应用。

设置测试环境

建议使用 Android Studio 构建和运行应用和测试所需的工具

在用于测试的实体设备上的设置 >开发者选项 关闭以下系统动画：

• 窗口动画缩放
• 过渡动画缩放
• Animator 时长缩放

Gradle 构建文件示例

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 34

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.package"
        minSdkVersion 23
        targetSdkVersion 34
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
}

dependencies {
    ...

    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.uiautomator:uiautomator:2.2.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.1.1'
}

注意 ：UI Automator 框架需要 Android 4.3（API 级别 18）或

添加第一个 Cast 界面测试

默认情况下，Android Studio 会在 src/androidTest/java/，用于放置插桩测试和界面测试。如需了解详情，请参阅测试类型和位置。

如需测试应用中是否显示“投射”图标，请执行以下操作：

package com.example.package;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import androidx.mediarouter.app.MediaRouteButton;
import androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner;
import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;

import static androidx.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static androidx.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isAssignableFrom;
import static androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class MyCastUITest {

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule =
            new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void testCastButtonDisplay() throws InterruptedException {
        // wait for Cast button
        Thread.sleep(2000);

     onView(isAssignableFrom(MediaRouteButton.class)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    }
}

测试 Cast 连接

以下示例展示了如何模拟连接到 Cast 设备的用户操作：

import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiDevice;
import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiObjectNotFoundException;
import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiSelector;

import static androidx.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class MyCastUITest {

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule =
            new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    /**
     * Connecting to Cast device
     *  - Open Cast menu dialog when tapping the Cast icon
     *  - Select target Cast device and connect
     *  - Assert the Cast state is connected
     */
    @Test
    public void testConnectToCastDevice()
             throws InterruptedException, UiObjectNotFoundException {

        // wait for Cast button ready
        Thread.sleep(2000);

        // click on Cast icon and show a dialog
        onView(isAssignableFrom(MediaRouteButton.class))
                .perform(click());
        onView(withId(R.id.action_bar_root))
                .check(matches(isDisplayed()));

        // select target Cast device to connect
        UiDevice mDevice = UiDevice.getInstance(
                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
        mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().text(TARGET_DEVICE)).click();

        // assert the Cast state is connected
        assertCastStateIsConnected(MAX_TIMEOUT_MS);
    }
}

您可以通过在应用的主线程上执行调用来检索 Cast 会话和连接状态：

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.SystemClock;

import com.google.android.gms.cast.framework.CastContext;
import com.google.android.gms.cast.framework.CastSession;
import com.google.android.gms.cast.framework.SessionManager;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class MyCastUITest {
    private CastContext mCastContext;
    private CastSession mCastSession;
    private SessionManager mSessionManager;
    private boolean isCastConnected;

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule =
            new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    /**
     * Connecting to Cast device
     */
    @Test
    public void testConnectToCastDevice()
             throws InterruptedException, UiObjectNotFoundException {
        ......

        // assert the Cast state is connected
        assertCastStateIsConnected(MAX_TIMEOUT_MS);
    }

    /**
     * Check connection status from Cast session
     */
    private void assertCastStateIsConnected(long timeout)
              throws InterruptedException {

        long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        isCastConnected = false;

        while (!isCastConnected && SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTime < timeout) {

            Thread.sleep(500);

            // get cast instance and cast session from the app's main thread
            InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(
                    new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            Context mTargetContext =
                                InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext();
                            mCastContext =
                                CastContext.getSharedInstance(mTargetContext);
                            mSessionManager = mCastContext.getSessionManager();
                            mCastSession =
                                mSessionManager.getCurrentCastSession();
                            isCastConnected = mCastSession.isConnected();
                        }
                    }
            );
        }

        assertTrue(isCastConnected);
    }
}