M2T1NXRAD (atau tavg1_2d_rad_Nx) adalah pengumpulan data rata-rata per jam dalam analisis retrospektif Era Modern untuk Riset dan Aplikasi versi 2 (MERRA-2). Kumpulan data ini terdiri dari diagnostik radiasi, seperti albedo permukaan, fraksi area awan, ketebalan optik dalam awan, fluks gelombang pendek masuk permukaan (yaitu radiasi matahari), fluks gelombang pendek bersih ke bawah permukaan, dan fluks gelombang panjang naik di TOA (puncak atmosfer) (yaitu radiasi gelombang panjang keluar (OLR) di TOA). Kolom data diberi stempel waktu dengan waktu tengah satu jam
yang dimulai dari 00.30 UTC, misalnya: 00.30, 01.30, ... , 23.30 UTC.
MERRA-2 adalah versi terbaru analisis ulang atmosfer global untuk era satelit yang diproduksi oleh NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) menggunakan Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) versi 5.12.4. Dataset ini mencakup periode 1980 hingga saat ini dengan latensi sekitar 3 minggu setelah akhir bulan.
Band
Ukuran Piksel 69.375 meter
Ukuran Piksel Y 55.000 meter
Band
Nama
Unit
Min
Maks
Ukuran Piksel
Deskripsi
ALBEDO
0,01*
0,898471*
meter
Albedo permukaan
ALBNIRDF
0,017455*
0.820016*
meter
Albedo permukaan untuk difus inframerah dekat
ALBNIRDR
0,018709*
0,82001*
meter
Albedo permukaan untuk sinar inframerah dekat
ALBVISDF
0,016788*
0,959771*
meter
Albedo permukaan untuk difus yang terlihat
ALBVISDR
0,01853*
0,959762*
meter
Albedo permukaan untuk sinar tampak
CLDHGH
0*
0.999236*
meter
Fraksi area awan untuk awan tinggi
CLDLOW
0*
0,999997*
meter
Fraksi area awan untuk awan rendah
CLDMID
0*
0,998779*
meter
Fraksi area awan untuk awan tengah
CLDTOT
0*
1*
meter
Fraksi total area awan
EMIS
0,943074*
0,999993*
meter
Emisivitas permukaan
LWGABCLRCLN
W/m^2
41,1408*
458.523*
meter
Permukaan menyerap radiasi gelombang panjang dengan asumsi langit cerah dan tidak ada aerosol
LWGABCLR
W/m^2
41.1414*
465.929*
meter
Permukaan menyerap radiasi gelombang panjang dengan asumsi langit cerah
LWGAB
W/m^2
41.1446*
482.398*
meter
Radiasi gelombang panjang yang diserap permukaan
LWGEM
W/m^2
67,5297*
630.29*
meter
Fluks gelombang panjang yang dipancarkan dari permukaan
LWGNTCLRCLN
W/m^2
-248.748*
61,0736*
meter
Fluks gelombang panjang ke bawah bersih permukaan dengan asumsi langit cerah dan tidak ada aerosol
LWGNTCLR
W/m^2
-248.653*
62,2794*
meter
Fluks gelombang panjang ke bawah jaring permukaan dengan asumsi langit cerah
LWGNT
W/m^2
-268.862*
77.255*
meter
Fluks gelombang panjang bersih ke bawah permukaan
LWTUPCLRCLN
W/m^2
80,6768*
372.229*
meter
Fluks gelombang panjang yang naik di TOA dengan asumsi langit cerah dan tidak ada aerosol
LWTUPCLR
W/m^2
80,6768*
372.229*
meter
Fluks gelombang panjang upwelling di TOA dengan asumsi langit cerah
LWTUP
W/m^2
80.6506*
370.868*
meter
Fluks gelombang panjang yang naik di TOA
SWGDNCLR
W/m^2
-0,008217*
1155,5*
meter
Memperkirakan fluks gelombang pendek yang masuk ke permukaan dengan asumsi langit cerah
SWGDN
W/m^2
0*
1127,49*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek masuk permukaan
SWGNTCLN
W/m^2
0*
1088,42*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek ke bawah bersih permukaan dengan asumsi tidak ada aerosol
SWGNTCLRCLN
W/m^2
-3,2e-05*
1088,42*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek ke bawah bersih permukaan dengan asumsi langit cerah dan tidak ada aerosol
SWGNTCLR
W/m^2
-0,001333*
1083,95*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek ke bawah bersih permukaan dengan asumsi langit cerah
SWGNT
W/m^2
0*
1083,95*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek bersih ke bawah permukaan
SWTDN
W/m^2
0*
1404,28*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek masuk TOA
SWTNTCLN
W/m^2
0*
1315.89*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek bersih TOA dengan asumsi tidak ada aerosol
SWTNTCLRCLN
W/m^2
0*
1317,5*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek ke bawah bersih TOA dengan asumsi langit cerah dan tidak ada aerosol
SWTNTCLR
W/m^2
0*
1316,5*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek ke bawah bersih TOA dengan asumsi langit cerah
SWTNT
W/m^2
0*
1313,33*
meter
Fluks gelombang pendek bersih ke bawah TOA
TAUHGH
0*
142.188*
meter
Ketebalan optik awan tinggi di cloud(ekspor)
TAULOW
0*
318.218*
meter
Ketebalan optik awan rendah di awan
TAUMID
0*
252.995*
meter
Ketebalan optik awan tengah di cloud
TAUTOT
0*
348.125*
meter
Ketebalan optik awan di cloud
TS
K
185,73*
328.864*
meter
Suhu kulit permukaan
* perkiraan nilai min atau maks
Persyaratan Penggunaan
Persyaratan Penggunaan
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M2T1NXRAD (atau tavg1_2d_rad_Nx) adalah pengumpulan data rata-rata per jam dalam analisis Retrospektif Era Modern untuk Riset dan Aplikasi versi 2 (MERRA-2). Kumpulan data ini terdiri dari diagnostik radiasi, seperti albedo permukaan, fraksi area awan, ketebalan optik dalam awan, fluks gelombang pendek masuk permukaan (yaitu radiasi matahari), fluks gelombang pendek bersih ke bawah permukaan, dan …
[null,null,[],[[["\u003cp\u003eThe NASA/GSFC/MERRA/rad/2 dataset provides hourly time-averaged radiation diagnostics from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2).\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThis dataset includes measurements such as surface albedo, cloud area fraction, optical thickness, shortwave flux, and longwave flux.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eData is available from 1980 to near-present with a latency of approximately 3 weeks after the end of a month and is provided at a spatial resolution of 55,000 - 69,375 meters.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eNASA promotes open sharing of this data with research, industry, academia, and the public.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe data is easily accessible through Google Earth Engine using the provided Earth Engine Snippet.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["The NASA/MERRA-2 dataset (M2T1NXRAD) provides hourly, time-averaged radiation diagnostics from 1980 to 2025, with a ~3-week latency. Data includes surface albedo, cloud fractions, optical thickness, and shortwave/longwave fluxes. It is produced by NASA GMAO using GEOS model version 5.12.4. Data is accessible via Google Earth Engine with specific bands available like ALBEDO, CLDHGH, SWGDN and more. Pixel size is 69375x55000 meters.\n"],null,["Dataset Availability\n: 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z--2025-08-01T23:00:00Z\n\nDataset Provider\n:\n\n\n [NASA/MERRA](https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/)\n\nCadence\n: 1 Hour\n\nTags\n:\n[albedo](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/albedo) [atmosphere](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/atmosphere) [climate](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/climate) [emissivity](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/emissivity) [merra](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/merra) [shortwave](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/shortwave) [temperature](/earth-engine/datasets/tags/temperature) \n\nDescription \nM2T1NXRAD (or tavg1_2d_rad_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged data\ncollection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and\nApplications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of radiation\ndiagnostics, such as surface albedo, cloud area fraction, in cloud\noptical thickness, surface incoming shortwave flux (i.e. solar\nradiation), surface net downward shortwave flux, and upwelling longwave\nflux at TOA (top of atmosphere) (i.e. outgoing longwave radiation (OLR)\nat TOA). The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour\nstarting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, ... , 23:30 UTC.\n\nMERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the\nsatellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office\n(GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version\n5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency\nof \\~3 weeks after the end of a month.\n\nBands\n\n\n**Pixel Size**\n\n69375 meters\n\n\n**Y Pixel Size**\n\n55000 meters\n\n**Bands**\n\n| Name | Units | Min | Max | Pixel Size | Description |\n|---------------|--------|-------------|------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| `ALBEDO` | | 0.01\\* | 0.898471\\* | meters | Surface albedo |\n| `ALBNIRDF` | | 0.017455\\* | 0.820016\\* | meters | Surface albedo for near infrared diffuse |\n| `ALBNIRDR` | | 0.018709\\* | 0.82001\\* | meters | Surface albedo for near infrared beam |\n| `ALBVISDF` | | 0.016788\\* | 0.959771\\* | meters | Surface albedo for visible diffuse |\n| `ALBVISDR` | | 0.01853\\* | 0.959762\\* | meters | Surface albedo for visible beam |\n| `CLDHGH` | | 0\\* | 0.999236\\* | meters | Cloud area fraction for high clouds |\n| `CLDLOW` | | 0\\* | 0.999997\\* | meters | Cloud area fraction for low clouds |\n| `CLDMID` | | 0\\* | 0.998779\\* | meters | Cloud area fraction for middle clouds |\n| `CLDTOT` | | 0\\* | 1\\* | meters | Total cloud area fraction |\n| `EMIS` | | 0.943074\\* | 0.999993\\* | meters | Surface emissivity |\n| `LWGABCLRCLN` | W/m\\^2 | 41.1408\\* | 458.523\\* | meters | Surface absorbed longwave radiation assuming clear sky and no aerosol |\n| `LWGABCLR` | W/m\\^2 | 41.1414\\* | 465.929\\* | meters | Surface absorbed longwave radiation assuming clear sky |\n| `LWGAB` | W/m\\^2 | 41.1446\\* | 482.398\\* | meters | Surface absorbed longwave radiation |\n| `LWGEM` | W/m\\^2 | 67.5297\\* | 630.29\\* | meters | Longwave flux emitted from surface |\n| `LWGNTCLRCLN` | W/m\\^2 | -248.748\\* | 61.0736\\* | meters | Surface net downward longwave flux assuming clear sky and no aerosol |\n| `LWGNTCLR` | W/m\\^2 | -248.653\\* | 62.2794\\* | meters | Surface net downward longwave flux assuming clear sky |\n| `LWGNT` | W/m\\^2 | -268.862\\* | 77.255\\* | meters | Surface net downward longwave flux |\n| `LWTUPCLRCLN` | W/m\\^2 | 80.6768\\* | 372.229\\* | meters | Upwelling longwave flux at TOA assuming clear sky and no aerosol |\n| `LWTUPCLR` | W/m\\^2 | 80.6768\\* | 372.229\\* | meters | Upwelling longwave flux at TOA assuming clear sky |\n| `LWTUP` | W/m\\^2 | 80.6506\\* | 370.868\\* | meters | Upwelling longwave flux at TOA |\n| `SWGDNCLR` | W/m\\^2 | -0.008217\\* | 1155.5\\* | meters | Surface incoming shortwave flux assuming clear sky |\n| `SWGDN` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1127.49\\* | meters | Surface incoming shortwave flux |\n| `SWGNTCLN` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1088.42\\* | meters | Surface net downward shortwave flux assuming no aerosol |\n| `SWGNTCLRCLN` | W/m\\^2 | -3.2e-05\\* | 1088.42\\* | meters | Surface net downward shortwave flux assuming clear sky and no aerosol |\n| `SWGNTCLR` | W/m\\^2 | -0.001333\\* | 1083.95\\* | meters | Surface net downward shortwave flux assuming clear sky |\n| `SWGNT` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1083.95\\* | meters | Surface net downward shortwave flux |\n| `SWTDN` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1404.28\\* | meters | TOA incoming shortwave flux |\n| `SWTNTCLN` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1315.89\\* | meters | TOA net downward shortwave flux assuming no aerosol |\n| `SWTNTCLRCLN` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1317.5\\* | meters | TOA net downward shortwave flux assuming clear sky and no aerosol |\n| `SWTNTCLR` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1316.5\\* | meters | TOA net downward shortwave flux assuming clear sky |\n| `SWTNT` | W/m\\^2 | 0\\* | 1313.33\\* | meters | TOA net downward shortwave flux |\n| `TAUHGH` | | 0\\* | 142.188\\* | meters | In cloud optical thickness of high clouds(export) |\n| `TAULOW` | | 0\\* | 318.218\\* | meters | In cloud optical thickness of low clouds |\n| `TAUMID` | | 0\\* | 252.995\\* | meters | In cloud optical thickness of middle clouds |\n| `TAUTOT` | | 0\\* | 348.125\\* | meters | In cloud optical thickness of all clouds |\n| `TS` | K | 185.73\\* | 328.864\\* | meters | Surface skin temperature |\n\n\\* estimated min or max value\n\nTerms of Use\n\n**Terms of Use**\n\nNASA promotes the full and open sharing of all data with research and\napplications communities, private industry, academia, and the general\npublic.\n\nExplore with Earth Engine **Important:** Earth Engine is a platform for petabyte-scale scientific analysis and visualization of geospatial datasets, both for public benefit and for business and government users. Earth Engine is free to use for research, education, and nonprofit use. To get started, please [register for Earth Engine access.](https://console.cloud.google.com/earth-engine)\n\nCode Editor (JavaScript) \n\n```javascript\nvar dataset = ee.ImageCollection('NASA/GSFC/MERRA/rad/2')\n .filter(ee.Filter.date('2022-02-01', '2022-02-02')).first();\nvar surface_albedo = dataset.select('ALBEDO');\nvar saVis = {\n min: -0.428147,\n max: 0.833350,\n palette: ['001137', '01abab', 'e7eb05', '620500']\n};\nMap.setCenter(-95, 39, 2);\nMap.addLayer(surface_albedo, saVis, 'Surface albedo');\n```\n[Open in Code Editor](https://code.earthengine.google.com/?scriptPath=Examples:Datasets/NASA/NASA_GSFC_MERRA_rad_2) \n[MERRA-2 M2T1NXRAD: Radiation Diagnostics V5.12.4](/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_GSFC_MERRA_rad_2) \nM2T1NXRAD (or tavg1_2d_rad_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of radiation diagnostics, such as surface albedo, cloud area fraction, in cloud optical thickness, surface incoming shortwave flux (i.e. solar radiation), surface net downward shortwave flux, and ... \nNASA/GSFC/MERRA/rad/2, albedo,atmosphere,climate,emissivity,merra,shortwave,temperature \n1980-01-01T00:00:00Z/2025-08-01T23:00:00Z \n-90 -180 90 180 \nGoogle Earth Engine \nhttps://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets\n\n- [](https://doi.org/https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/)\n- [](https://doi.org/https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_GSFC_MERRA_rad_2)"]]
