OptimizeToursRequest 會將限制套用到下列項目：
- 影響貨運方式的出貨
- 車輛，影響車輛路線的計算方式
- 在全球範圍內，車輛和貨運作業都會受到影響。
本指南著重於基本運送限制：時間範圍。
時間範圍是一種限制，可在 OptimizeToursRequest 訊息 (REST 和 gRPC) 中提供，以指定運送活動的時間限制。這類限制會影響出貨的時間和方式，以及運送的車輛分配。設有這些限制時，最佳化工具會優先選擇最能滿足運送時間限制的車輛。
運送限制：時間範圍
您可在 Shipment.VisitRequest 訊息中指定可取貨或外送服務的時間，如下所示：
含有時間範圍限制的要求範例
這裡的範例說明三款不同的出貨商品，每項出貨量各有專屬的配送期間。為求簡單起見，本範例僅設定 deliveries 的時間範圍，但也可以為上車地點設定時間範圍。您可以指定多個時段，不過這個範例針對每個傳送 VisitRequest 使用一個。
查看包含時間範圍的要求範例
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
含有時間範圍限制的回應範例
在回應範例中，車輛的開始和結束時間分別為 17:35:50 和 18:17:24。這些時間反映最佳化工具在符合所有時間範圍的限制的情況下，盡可能縮短操作要求中以 costPerHour 形式指定的車輛操作時間。如果將 17:35:50 設為開始時間，車輛就不必在造訪地點等待造訪的時間範圍開始。這會在回應中顯示為零的 waitDuration 值。
查看對範例要求的回應 (含時間範圍)
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:50:09Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "796s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:35Z",
"detour": "1520s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "409s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "409s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:43:20Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "341s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1312,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "341s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:54:19Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "205s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 636,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "205s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "339s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "339s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:45Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "1294s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2494s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 4595
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
},
"routeTotalCost": 73.661111111111111
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "1294s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2494s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 4595
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
"totalCost": 73.661111111111111,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
}
}
}
時段已訂購車輛的 visits，因此會優先顯示最早的貨運時間。
shipments[2]將在 17:50 送達shipments[1]將在 18:00 送達shipments[0]將在 18:07 送達
這個範例要求指定「硬」時間範圍限制，並要求在這些時間範圍內完成傳送作業。如果我們無法在任一時間範圍內完成運送的 VisitRequests，或基於成本效益，最佳化工具就會略過運送程序。如果運送作業有 penaltyCost，最佳化器會將這項資訊加入回應 metrics 中回報的費用。否則，OptimizeToursResponse 訊息的 skippedMandatoryShipmentCount 屬性 (REST、gRPC) 就會增加。
如果將 shipment[1] 的間隔時間在幾小時後 (從 18:00 變更為 21:00) 來變更時間範圍，結果會有所不同，請參考以下範例。
請參閱要求示例，瞭解無法滿足的時間範圍要求
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
查看第二項要求範例的回應，並在該段期間內略過出貨
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:49:38Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "946s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "409s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "409s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:42:49Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "372s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1348,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "372s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:48Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "339s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "339s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "1120s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1920s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3995
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332
},
"routeTotalCost": 61.283333333333331
}
],
"skippedShipments": [
{
"index": 1
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "1120s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1920s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3995
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
"totalCost": 81.283333333333331,
"costs": {
"model.shipments.penalty_cost": 20,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95
}
}
}
在本例中，較晚的時限導致系統略過 shipment[1]，因為在指定的時間範圍內完成出貨所需的額外的車輛運作時間，超過運送的罰金金額。shipment[1] 的罰金費用會顯示在 metrics.costs 中，且索引會顯示在 skippedShipments 中。
軟性時間範圍限制
如費用模式參數中簡單所述，時間範圍可以套用為「軟」限制。軟限制與硬限制的差異如下：
- 嚴格限制：不能違反規定，最佳化器也未提供違反限制的解決方案，即使這意味著略過運送也一樣。
- 軟性限制：可能會違反，這表示最佳化工具可能會提供違反軟性限制的解決方案。不過，如有任何違規行為，最佳化工具也會產生「成本」。請在時間範圍中將這項費用做為額外屬性提供，通常為活動發生時間範圍之前或之後每小時的費用。
系統會使用 softStartTime 或 softEndTime (而非 startTime 或 endTime)，以及設定 costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime 或 costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime 來柔化時間範圍。
如果應在指定時間範圍內取貨或交付商品，請使用軟性視窗限制，但在該時間範圍內不一定要提供取貨或外送服務。您可以同時使用硬性和軟性時間範圍限制，傳達業務目標。例如：
- 硬性時間範圍：表示客戶的營業時間，例如上午 9 點至下午 5 點。
- 軟性期限：指出外送或取貨的時間範圍，即與傳送給客戶的通知相符的時間範圍，例如上午 9 點至晚上 1 點。
在此範例中，由於時間範圍的開始時間太晚，其開始時間限制已遭到柔化，因此先前略過的出貨量。其他飛船的結束時間也已軟化。
查看含硬時間範圍和軟時間範圍的要求範例
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"softEndTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z",
"costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"softStartTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z",
"costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"softEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
使用硬性和軟性時間範圍查看要求範例的回應
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:42Z",
"detour": "493s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:27Z",
"detour": "873s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "235s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 795,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "235s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:56:05Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "212s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 791,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "212s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "335s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1204,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "335s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:52Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "171s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 665,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "171s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:21:37Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "953s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2153s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3455
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55
},
"routeTotalCost": 64.797222222222217
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "953s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2153s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3455
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
"totalCost": 64.797222222222217,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221
}
}
}
如果僅有硬性視窗限制就完全略過 shipment[1]，那麼柔化其運送時間，系統就會在開始時間的「之前」，同樣地，為了降低其他運送項目的結束時間，shipment[2] 在時間範圍結束之後就能送達。
在此同時，費用和總出貨量也有所改變：
totalCost：已從 81.283 調降至 64.797- 已完成的出貨總數：增加至 3
與上一個範例相比，最佳化器找到了較便宜的解決方案，因為時間範圍限制已放寬。
最後，metrics.costs 屬性還包含新的鍵，表示因限制產品而產生的實際費用，以及錯過放送時間的時間長度。也就是：
costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime/2.0，和- 實際放送到時間範圍開始之間的時間：2.83583 小時
成果：
model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time：5.6716666666666669。
這些指標可讓您執行成本分析，瞭解硬性限制與軟限制之間的取捨，並可用來調整限制，以更符合特定的業務規則。在這種情況下，總費用「低於」shipment[1].penalty_cost 20.0。最佳化器已證實，比起略過運送商品，提前交付產品更具成本效益。