构建互动卡片
使用集合让一切井井有条
根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。
除了显示数据之外,大多数插件还需要用户输入信息。构建基于卡片的插件时,您可以使用交互式微件(例如按钮、工具栏菜单项或复选框)向用户索要插件所需的数据,或提供其他互动控件。
在大多数情况下,您可以通过将 widget 关联到特定的操作并在回调函数中实现所需的行为,使 widget 具有交互性。如需了解详情,请参阅插件操作。
在大多数情况下,您可以按照以下一般步骤配置 widget,以便在被选择或更新时执行特定操作:
- 创建一个
Action
对象,指定应执行的回调函数以及任何必需的参数。
- 通过调用适当的微件处理程序函数,将微件关联到
Action
。
- 实现回调函数以执行所需的行为。
示例
以下示例设置了一个按钮,该按钮在被点击后会显示用户通知。点击会触发 notifyUser()
回调函数,并使用一个用于指定通知文本的实参。返回构建的 ActionResponse
会导致显示通知。
/**
* Build a simple card with a button that sends a notification.
* @return {Card}
*/
function buildSimpleCard() {
var buttonAction = CardService.newAction()
.setFunctionName('notifyUser')
.setParameters({'notifyText': 'Button clicked!'});
var button = CardService.newTextButton()
.setText('Notify')
.setOnClickAction(buttonAction);
// ...continue creating widgets, then create a Card object
// to add them to. Return the built Card object.
}
/**
* Callback function for a button action. Constructs a
* notification action response and returns it.
* @param {Object} e the action event object
* @return {ActionResponse}
*/
function notifyUser(e) {
var parameters = e.parameters;
var notificationText = parameters['notifyText'];
return CardService.newActionResponseBuilder()
.setNotification(CardService.newNotification()
.setText(notificationText))
.build(); // Don't forget to build the response!
}
设计有效的互动
设计交互式卡片时,请注意以下几点:
如未另行说明,那么本页面中的内容已根据知识共享署名 4.0 许可获得了许可,并且代码示例已根据 Apache 2.0 许可获得了许可。有关详情,请参阅 Google 开发者网站政策。Java 是 Oracle 和/或其关联公司的注册商标。
最后更新时间 (UTC):2024-12-22。
[null,null,["最后更新时间 (UTC):2024-12-22。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eCard-based add-ons use interactive widgets like buttons and menus to collect user input and enhance user interactions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eWidgets are made interactive by linking them to actions, which trigger callback functions to execute specific behaviors when interacted with.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eWhen defining widget actions, you can specify a callback function and any necessary parameters using the \u003ccode\u003eAction\u003c/code\u003e object and appropriate handler functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eFor opening URLs, \u003ccode\u003esetOpenLink()\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003esetOnClickOpenLinkAction()\u003c/code\u003e can be used with an \u003ccode\u003eOpenLink\u003c/code\u003e object to define the URL and behavior.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eKeep callback functions concise, as they have execution time limits, and consider using \u003ccode\u003esetStateChanged()\u003c/code\u003e to update the UI when backend data changes due to user interactions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["Card-based add-ons use interactive widgets like buttons to gather user input or provide controls. Widgets are made interactive by linking them to actions via a callback function. To configure a widget, create an `Action` object with the callback function and parameters, link it using a widget handler function, and implement the callback function. For opening URLs directly, `setOpenLink()` avoids defining an `Action`. Ensure callbacks are simple (under 30 seconds), and for backend data changes, use `setStateChanged()`.\n"],null,["# Building interactive cards\n\nMost add-ons, in addition to presenting data, require the user to enter\ninformation. When you build a card-based add-on, you can use\ninteractive [widgets](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/widgets) such as buttons,\ntoolbar menu items, or checkboxes to ask the user for data that your add-on\nneeds or provide other interaction controls.\n\nAdding actions to widgets\n-------------------------\n\nFor the most part, you make widgets interactive by linking them to\nspecific *actions* and implementing the required behavior in a callback\nfunction. See [add-on actions](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions) for details.\n\nIn most cases, you can follow this general procedure to configure a widget to\ntake a specific action when selected or updated:\n\n1. Create an [`Action`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action) object, specifing the callback function that should execute, along with any required parameters.\n2. Link the widget to the `Action` by calling the appropriate [widget handler function](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#widget_handler_functions).\n3. Implement the [callback function](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#callback_functions) to enact the required behavior.\n\nExample\n-------\n\nThe following example sets a button that displays a user notification\nafter it is clicked. The click triggers the `notifyUser()` callback function\nwith an argument that specifies the notification text. Returning a built\n[`ActionResponse`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action-response)\nresults in a displayed notification. \n\n /**\n * Build a simple card with a button that sends a notification.\n * @return {Card}\n */\n function buildSimpleCard() {\n var buttonAction = CardService.newAction()\n .setFunctionName('notifyUser')\n .setParameters({'notifyText': 'Button clicked!'});\n var button = CardService.newTextButton()\n .setText('Notify')\n .setOnClickAction(buttonAction);\n\n // ...continue creating widgets, then create a Card object\n // to add them to. Return the built Card object.\n }\n\n /**\n * Callback function for a button action. Constructs a\n * notification action response and returns it.\n * @param {Object} e the action event object\n * @return {ActionResponse}\n */\n function notifyUser(e) {\n var parameters = e.parameters;\n var notificationText = parameters['notifyText'];\n return CardService.newActionResponseBuilder()\n .setNotification(CardService.newNotification()\n .setText(notificationText))\n .build(); // Don't forget to build the response!\n }\n\nDesign effective interactions\n-----------------------------\n\nWhen designing interactive cards, keep the following in mind:\n\n- Interactive widgets usually need at least one handler method to define their\n behavior.\n\n- Use the [`setOpenLink()`](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#setOpenLink) widget\n handler function when you have a URL and just want to open it in a tab.\n This avoids the need to define an\n [`Action`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action) object and callback\n function. If you need to build the URL first, or take any other additional\n steps before opening the URL, define an\n [`Action`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action) and use\n [`setOnClickOpenLinkAction()`](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#setOnClickOpenLinkAction)\n instead.\n\n- When using the [`setOpenLink()`](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#setOpenLink)\n or [`setOnClickOpenLinkAction()`](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#setOnClickOpenLinkAction)\n widget handler functions, you need to provide an\n [`OpenLink`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/open-link)\n object to define which URL to open. You can also use this object\n to specify opening and closing behavior using the\n [`OpenAs`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/open-as) and\n [`OnClose`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/on-close) enums.\n\n- It is possible for more than one widget to use the same\n [`Action`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action) object.\n However, you need to define different\n [`Action`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action) objects if you want\n to provide the callback function different parameters.\n\n- Keep your callback functions simple. To keep the add-ons responsive, the\n [Card service](/apps-script/reference/card-service/card-service) limits callback functions to a maximum of 30 seconds of\n execution time. If the execution takes longer than that, your add-on UI may\n not update its card display properly in response to the\n [`Action`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action) .\n\n- If a data status on a third-party backend changes as the result of a user\n interaction with your add-on UI, it is recommended that the add-on set\n a 'state changed' bit to `true` so that any existing client side cache is\n cleared. See the\n [`ActionResponseBuilder.setStateChanged()`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action-response-builder#setStateChanged(Boolean))\n method description for additional details."]]